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Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder： A Single Centre Experience

Journal of Life Sciences 2016年第2期10卷 85-90页

作者： gauhar sultan Babar Malik Syed Najeeb Niamatullah Altaf Hashmi Asad Shehzad Mubarak M SyedAdeeb ul Hassan Rizvi Department of Medical Oncology Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation Karachi Pakistan Department of Pathology Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation KarachL Pakistan

Urothelial cancers usually recur distantly rather than loco-regionally. In patients with pT2 and pT3/pT4 tumors, local recurrence has been observed in 3-4% and 11-16%, respectively, whereas distant failure has occurred in 10-27% and 19-35%, respectively. Despite local therapy most patients with muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma （TCC） of the bladder die of systemic relapse, indicating a need for effective adjunctive systemic treatment. We determined whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved overall survival. This study evaluated the role of neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine/cisplatin （GC） in improving the outcome of this group of patients. A total of 44 patients （84% Male, 16% Female） with newly diagnosed bladder cancer （T3-4, N0-2, M0） were subjected to initial 3 cycles of GC, then managed according to response. Patients were assessed clinically after each cycle and by Interim CT scan after 3 cycles of chemotherapy and those who achieved complete or partial response underwent radical cystectomy. We enrolled 63 patients, 19 of whom were found to be ineligible; thus, 44 were assigned to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. Average size of the largest tumor was greater that 30mm in 77% patients. According to Computed Tomographic findings 70% patients belonged to Stage T4A. The overall response rate to GC was 50%, and incomplete response was achieved in 25% whereas 25% patients were lost to follow up. Twenty two patients who had complete response, underwent cystectomy and diversion. It was observed that those patients who underwent radical cystectomy with ureterosigmoidostomy had an increased serum creatinine in comparison to patients who had ileal conduit. The size of the effect is modest and combination chemotherapy can be administered safely without adverse outcomes resulting in delayed local therapy. Further efforts to identify the patients most likely to benefit from neoadjuvant therapy are necessary to optimize its us

关键词： Bladder cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy cystectomy transitional cell carcinoma.

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Classification and Comprehension of Software Requirements Using Ensemble Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2839-2855页

作者： Jalil Abbas Arshad Ahmad Syed Muqsit Shaheed Rubia Fatima Sajid Shah Mohammad Elaffendi gauhar Ali School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui UniversityHefei230039China School of Computing Sciences Pak Austria FachhochschuleInstitute of Applied Sciences and TechnologyHaripur22620Pakistan Department of Computer Science and IT University of LahoreLahore55150Pakistan Department of Computer Science Emerson UniversityPunjabMultan60000Pakistan EIAS(Emerging Intelligent Autonomous Systems)Data Science Lab Prince Sultan UniversityRiyad12435Saudi Arabia

The software development process mostly depends on accurately identifying both essential and optional ***,user needs are typically expressed in free-form language,requiring significant time and human resources to translate these into clear functional and non-functional *** address this challenge,various machine learning(ML)methods have been explored to automate the understanding of these requirements,aiming to reduce time and human ***,existing techniques often struggle with complex instructions and large-scale *** our study,we introduce an innovative approach known as the Functional and Non-functional Requirements Classifier(FNRC).By combining the traditional random forest algorithm with the Accuracy Sliding Window(ASW)technique,we develop optimal sub-ensembles that surpass the initial classifier’s accuracy while using fewer *** results demonstrate that our FNRC methodology performs robustly across different datasets,achieving a balanced Precision of 75%on the PROMISE dataset and an impressive Recall of 85%on the CCHIT *** datasets consistently maintain an F-measure around 64%,highlighting FNRC’s ability to effectively balance precision and recall in diverse *** findings contribute to more accurate and efficient software development processes,increasing the probability of achieving successful project outcomes.

关键词： Ensemble learning machine learning non-functional requirements requirement engineering accuracy sliding window

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On Riemann-Type Weighted Fractional Operators and Solutions to Cauchy Problems

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第7期136卷 901-919页

作者： Muhammad Samraiz Muhammad Umer Thabet Abdeljawad Saima Naheed gauhar Rahman Kamal Shah Department of Mathematics University of SargodhaP.O.Box 40100Sargodha40100Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Sciences Prince Sultan UniversityP.O.Box 66833Riyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Medical Research China Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan Department of Mathematics and Statistics Hazara University MansehraMansehra21300Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of MalakandChakdara Dir(L)KPK18000Pakistan

In this paper,we establish the new forms of Riemann-type fractional integral and derivative *** novel fractional integral operator is proved to be bounded in Lebesgue space and some classical fractional integral and differential operators are obtained as special *** properties of new operators like semi-group,inverse and certain others are discussed and its weighted Laplace transform is *** integro-differential freeelectron laser(FEL)and kinetic equations are *** solutions to these new equations are obtained by using the modified weighted Laplace *** Cauchy problem and a growth model are designed as applications along with graphical ***,the conclusion section indicates future directions to the readers.

关键词： Weighted fractional operators weighted laplace transform integro-differential free-electron laser equation kinetic differ-integral equation

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Intrusion Detection in the Internet of Things Using Fusion of GRU-LSTM Deep Learning Model

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第8期37卷 2279-2290页

作者： Mohammad S.Al-kahtani Zahid Mehmood Tariq Sadad Islam Zada gauhar Ali Mohammed ElAffendi Department of Computer Engineering Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16273Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan The FAMLIR Group The University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Engineering&TechnologyMardan23200Pakistan Faculty of Computing International Islamic UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan EIAS Data Science and Blockchain Lab College of Computer and Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia

Cybersecurity threats are increasing rapidly as hackers use advanced *** a result,cybersecurity has now a significant factor in protecting organizational *** detection systems(IDSs)are used in networks to flag serious issues during network management,including identifying malicious traffic,which is a *** remains an open contest over how to learn features in IDS since current approaches use deep learning *** learning,which combines swarm intelligence and evolution,is gaining attention for further improvement against cyber *** this study,we employed a PSO-GA(fusion of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA))for feature selection on the CICIDS-2017 *** achieve better accuracy,we proposed a hybrid model called LSTM-GRU of deep learning that fused the GRU(gated recurrent unit)and LSTM(long short-term memory).The results show considerable improvement,detecting several network attacks with 98.86%accuracy.A comparative study with other current methods confirms the efficacy of our proposed IDS scheme.

关键词： Cyber security deep learning intrusion detection PSO-GA CICIDS-2017 intelligent system security and privacy IoT

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Application of the Deep Convolutional Neural Network for the Classification of Auto Immune Diseases

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第10期77卷 647-664页

作者： Fayaz Muhammad Jahangir Khan Asad Ullah Fasee Ullah Razaullah Khan Inayat Khan Mohammed ElAffendi gauhar Ali Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Sarhad University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyMardan23200Pakistan EIAS Data Science and Blockchain Lab College of Computer and Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia

IIF(Indirect Immune Florescence)has gained much attention recently due to its importance in medical *** primary purpose of this work is to highlight a step-by-step methodology for detecting autoimmune *** use of IIF for detecting autoimmune diseases is widespread in different medical *** 80 different types of autoimmune diseases have existed in various body *** IIF has been used for image classification in both ways,manually and by using the Computer-Aided Detection(CAD)*** data scientists conducted various research works using an automatic CAD system with low *** diseases in the human body can be detected with the help of Transfer Learning(TL),an advanced Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)*** baseline paper applied the manual classification to the MIVIA dataset of Human Epithelial cells(HEP)type II cells and the Sub Class Discriminant(SDA)analysis technique used to detect autoimmune *** technique yielded an accuracy of up to 90.03%,which was not reliable for detecting autoimmune disease in the mitotic cells of the *** the current research,the work has been performed on the MIVIA data set of HEP type II cells by using four well-known models of *** augmentation and normalization have been applied to the dataset to overcome the problem of overfitting and are also used to improve the performance of TL *** models are named Inception V3,Dens Net 121,VGG-16,and Mobile Net,and their performance can be calculated through parameters of the confusion matrix(accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 measures).The results show that the accuracy value of VGG-16 is 78.00%,Inception V3 is 92.00%,Dense Net 121 is 95.00%,and Mobile Net shows 88.00%accuracy,***,DenseNet-121 shows the highest performance with suitable analysis of autoimmune *** overall performance highlighted that TL is a suitable and enhanced technique compared to its ***,the proposed technique is used

关键词： Indirect immune fluorescence computer-aided diagnosis transfer learning confusion matrix

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Risk of “On Job Non Compliance” towards Various COVID-19 Standard &Transmission Based Infection Prevention &Control Measures/Precautions among the Healthcare Workers Working in OPD Settings of Public Sector Tertiary Care Hospitals of Quetta Balochistan (Prospective Cohort Study)

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第4期11卷 390-401页

作者： Muhammad Arif Muhammad Abdullah Abid Saeed Ambreen Chaudhary Zakir Hussain Ayesha Babar Kawish Mir Abdul Qadir Sheikh Ahmed Saher sultan Zubair Ahmed Khoso Zahra gauhar Tahira Kamal Ehsan Larik Department of Health FELTP Pakistan Quetta Pakistan Department of Health WHO Quetta Pakistan Department of Health FELTP Pakistan Islamabad Pakistan Department of Health PIO Rawalpindi Pakistan Department of Health IPH Quetta Quetta Pakistan Department of Community & Preventive Dentistry AMC NUMS Rawalpindi Pakistan Department of Health BMC Quetta Pakistan Department of Health DG Health Office Quetta Pakistan

Background: COVID-19 Pandemic is still circulating within the human population and proving to be a deadlier disease with a mortality rate ranging from 0.5% to 7%. Since COVID-19 is a highly transmissible disease;there is always a probability for its outward spread towards the general public and community from the hospitals and healthcare facilities where they come to seek treatment. Methodology: A prospective cohort study design was used, considering the limited available resources and time—a total of 200 healthcare workers (including doctors, nurses, para-medical staff, janitorial staff, reception staff & pharmacists) working in the OPDs of the two major public sector hospitals of Quetta were made part of this study. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique and selection was made from the daily attendance register. The study participants from “Hospital-A” were first of all educated and trained on various COVID-19 IPC measures later on various COVID-19-IEC materials;written in simple Urdu language, were displayed clearly everywhere in the OPD. Similarly, handwashing stations along with hand sanitizers/soaps and surgical face masks were also made available free of cost for all the study participants of Hospital-A. Moreover the importance and effectiveness of COVID-19 IPC measures were continuously announced in the OPD gallery of Hospital-A, these announcements used simple wording in local languages (i.e., Urdu, Pashto, Balochi and Brahvi). On the other hand, in the OPD of “Hospital-B”, no such interventions were made. The study participants of both the hospitals were followed for one month and observations like which group showed more on-job noncompliance towards various COVID-19 IPC measures were recorded. The data was recorded on daily basis (from 1st May-to-31st May 2021) after observing the study participants for compliance towards using face masks, face shields,

关键词： COVID-19 IPC Measures IEC & BCC Materials

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An Investigation into Infection Prevention and Control Practices among Close Contacts of COVID-19 Positive Cases Identified during Trace Test and Quarantine Activities at District Quetta (Unmatched Case-Control Study)

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第4期11卷 360-370页

作者： Muhammad Arif Abid Saeed Muhammad Abdullah Ambreen Chaudhary Zakir Hussain Mirza Zeeshan Iqbal Baig Zubair Ahmed Khoso Mir Abdul Qadir Sheikh Ahmed Saher sultan Zahra gauhar Ayesha Babar Kawish Ehsan Larik Department of Health FELTP Pakistan Quetta Pakistan Department of Health WHO Quetta Pakistan Department of Health FELTP Pakistan Islamabad Pakistan Department of Health IPH Quetta Quetta Pakistan Department of Community & Preventive Dentistry AMC NUMS Rawalpindi Pakistan Department of Health BMC Quetta Pakistan Department of Health PIO Rawalpindi Pakistan

The second wave of COVID-19 pandemic has started globally, right now 220 countries are infected and a total of 71,351,695 confirmed cases and 1,612,372 deaths due to COVID-19 have been reported. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures for COVID-19 all have proved vital in decreasing the transmission rates among the communities. Methodology: Unmatched Case-Control Study was conducted where cases were defined as “every PCR positive contact (symptomatic or asymptomatic) for any index case” similarly controls were defined as “every PCR negative contact (symptomatic or asymptomatic) for any index case who was home quarantined for 14 days based on suspicion by PDSRU team”. A simple random technique was used and 300 individuals were made part of this study. Results: The major findings of this study shows that PCR positive contacts poorly adopted certain COVID-19 IPC measures of interest in their daily life hence got infected. The odds for all the variables of interest were found to be statistically significant among cases as compared to controls like the odds for knowingly and intentionally contacted with a COVID-19 positive case was 13.7 times more among the PCR positive contacts as compare to PCR negative contacts (p = 0.00, C.I = 7.62 - 24.90), similarly, the odds of being a family member of the index COVID-19 case was 7.07 times more among the PCR positive contacts as compared to the PCR negative contacts (p = 0.00, C.I = 3.25 - 15.86). Conclusion: Before the development and availability of a vaccine, the only tools that can help prevent the spread of COVID-19 are IPC measures.

关键词： COVID-19 IPC Measures Contact PCR PDSRU

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Two-Way Approach for Improved Real-Time Transmission in Fog-IoT-Based Health Monitoring System for Critical Patients

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第9期46卷 3815-3829页

作者： Abeera Ilyas Saeed Mahfooz Zahid Mehmood gauhar Ali Muhammad ElAffendi Department of Computer Science University of PeshawarPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan The FAMLIR Group The University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan EIAS Data Science and Blockchain Lab College of Computer and Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia

Health monitoring systems are now required,particularly for essential patients,following the COVID-19 pandemic,which was followed by its variants and other epidemics of a similar *** procedures and strategies are required,though,to react promptly to the enormous volume of real-time data offered by monitoring *** fog-based designs for IoT health systems typically result in enhanced services,they also give rise to issues that need to be *** this paper,we propose a two-way strategy to reduce network latency and usewhile increasing real-time data transmission of device gateways used for sensors by making educated judgments for connection setup with BS and task *** this,a simulation using iFogSim in the Eclipse IDE showed how effective the suggested strategy for massive IoT healthmonitoring systems *** algorithm is analyzed for network usage and latency,and the results reveal 20%–25%improvements compared to the existing methods regarding network usage and latency.

关键词： IoT fog computing delay healthcare network usage quality of service

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