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Lack of functional link in the tadpole morphology induced by predators

Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 227-235页

作者： Maria Gabriela PEROTTI Mariana PUETA Fabian gaston JARA Carmen Adria UBED Debora Lina MORENO AZOCAR Laboratorio de Fotobiologfa INIBIOMA CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue O.uintral 1250 Bariloche Rio Negro Argentina Departamento de Biologfa General. Universidad Nacional del Comahue Quintral 1250 Bariloche Rio Negro Argentina Departamento de Zoologia INIBIOMA CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue Quintral 1250 8400 Bariloche Rio Negro Argentina

Most studies of predator-induced plasticity have focused on documenting how prey species respond to predators by modifying phenotypic traits and how traits correlate with fitness. We have previously shown that tadpoles exposed to the dragonfly responded strongly by showing morphological changes, less activity, and better survival than non-exposed tadpoles. Here, we tested whether there is a functional link between morphological plasticity and increased survival in the presence of predators. Tadpoles that experienced predation risk were smaller, less developed, and much less active than tadpoles without this experience. Burst speed did not correlate significantly with morphological changes and predator-induced deeper tails did not act as a lure to divert predator strikes away from the head. Although we have previously found that tadpoles with predator-induced morphology survive better under a direct predator threat, our results on the functional link between morphology and fitness are not conclusive. Our results suggest that in tadpoles (1) burst speed is not important to evade predators, (2) those exposed to predators reduce their activity, and (3) morphological changes do not divert predator attacks away from areas that compromise tadpole survivalEE. Our results show that morphological changes in tadpoles do not explain burst speed or lure attraction, although there was a clear reduction of activity, which itself reduces predation. We propose that changes in tadpole activity could be further analyzed from another perspective, with morphological change as an indirect product of behavior mediated by physiological mechanisms.

关键词：形态变化捕食者蝌蚪诱导形态可塑性链接健身功能表型性状

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Plant H^＋-PPases： Reversible Enzymes with Contrasting Functions Dependent on Membrane Environment

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Molecular Plant 2016年第3期9卷 317-319页

作者： Roberto A. Gaxiola Kamesh Regmi Julio Paez-Valencia gaston Pizzio Shangji Zhang School of Life Sciences Arizona State University 427 E. Taylor Mall Tempe AZ 852872 USA Department of Botany University of Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA Centre de Recerca en Agrigenomica (CRAG) Consorcio CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Parc de Recerca de la UAB C/de la Vail Moronta Edifici CRAG Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles) 08193 Barcelona Spain

Plant proton-translocating pyrophosphatases （H^＋-PPases） are generally thought of as tonoplast-localized proton pumps that utilize the energy released by hydrolysis of the phosphoanhydride bond of pyrophosphate （PPi） to assist in the acidification of the *** has been suggested that H^＋-PPases function as an additional acidification mechanism to complement the ubiquitous V-ATPase,especially in young,growing tissues where PPi is abundant and ATP is depleted （Shiratake et al.,1997）.

关键词： additional especially conserved

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Functionalized CVD monolayer graphene for label-free impedimetric biosensing

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Nano Research 2015年第5期8卷 1698-1709页

作者： Shimaa Eissa gaston Contreras Jimenez Farzaneh Mahvash Abdeladim Guermoune Chaker Tlili Thomas Szkopek Mohammed Zourob Mohamed Siaj Institut national de la recherche scientifique Centre - Energie Matefiaux et Telecommunications 1650 BouL Lionel Boulet Varennes (Quebec) J3X 1S2 Canada Departemen t de Chimie et Biochimie Universite du Quebec a Montreal Mon trial Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada Dept. ofElectricaland Computer Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 2A7 Canada Cranfield Health Vincent Building Cranfield University Cranfield Bedfordshire UK

在大区域 graphene 生长的最近的进展在不同区域导致了许多应用。在现在的学习，化学蒸汽扔了(CVD ) 在玻璃底层上支持的单层 graphene 为电气化学的 biosensing 应用作为电极材料被检验。我们由在酸的水的答案在 situ 准备的 carboxyph... 详细信息

在大区域 graphene 生长的最近的进展在不同区域导致了许多应用。在现在的学习，化学蒸汽扔了(CVD ) 在玻璃底层上支持的单层 graphene 为电气化学的 biosensing 应用作为电极材料被检验。我们由在酸的水的答案在 situ 准备的 carboxyphenyl 重氮基盐的电气化学的减小为 CVD 单层 graphene 的共有原子价 functionalization 报导灵巧的策略。修改 carboxyphenyl 的 graphene 用拉曼光谱学， X 光检查光电子光谱学(XPS ) ，和原子力量被描绘显微镜学(AFM ) ，以及电气化学的阻抗光谱学(EIS ) 。我们也证明 graphene 表面上的 grafted carboxyphenyl 组的数字能被扫描为 electrografting 使用了的周期的 voltammetry (CV ) 的数字控制。我们进一步在 grafted 的激活以后在 graphene 表面上基于 ovalbumin 抗体的固定介绍 immunosensor 的制造和描述经由 EDC/NHS 化学的羧基的组。在使表面不能调动的抗体和 ovalbumin 之间的绑定然后用 Faradaic EIS 被监视在[Fe (CN ) 6 ] 3/4 答案。费用转移抵抗的百分比变化(R 在绑定以后的 ct ) 为从 1.0 pg 的 ovalbumin 集中展出了线性依赖？

关键词： CVD法生物传感石墨单层无标记 X-射线光电子能谱电化学还原羧基苯基

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Integrated Future Needs and Climate Change on the River Niger Water Availability

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第9期5卷 887-893页

作者： gaston Lienou Departement of Earth Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

The river Niger is the 3rd longest river in Africa, with a stream length of 4200 km, a drainage basin of 2,170,500 km2 of which 1,500,000 km2 is an active basin, and an average discharge of about 6000 m3/s. The natural variability of its rainfall and discharge is analyzed for several major sub-basins, in the context of the West African drought which has lasted for nearly 40 years, showing two paradoxes: the increase of Sahelian runoff since the beginning of the drought due to land degradation, and the steep decrease of sudanian runoff over the same period, substantiated by the long-lasting decrease of the groundwater tables. Much information about the water resources available in the basin is collected and analysed by the NBA1, which is summarized in this paper including surface water resources, rainfall over the basin, existing and projected dams. The river Niger is deficient in dams to control water, especially in its upper and middle basins. Nigeria has many dams, including large dams, while Burkina Faso has many small dams, but there are only a few dams upstream of the river Niger in Mali/Guinea/Ivory Coast. It is therefore likely that several dams will be built in the Niger basin in the coming years, and several are in the project phase. All of these will have a large impact on the river Niger regime and the environment, especially the Fomi dam which will change significantly the river regime upstream of the inner Delta, inducing an important reduction of the flooded area, and the Tossaye dam on the Saharan border of Mali which could promote a very significant level of evaporation. It is very important before building these dams to take into account the past years variability of climate and river regime.

关键词： Drought River Niger Sahel Desert Water Resources Water Accessibility

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Effect of Grafting on Growth and Shelf Life of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Grafted on Two Local Solanum Species

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2022年第9期13卷 401-418页

作者： Somo Toukam Gabriel Mahbou Godswill Ntsomboh-Ntsefong Mongoue Fanche Aminatou Fabrice Tchohou Lessa gaston Etoga Onana Emmanuel Youmbi University of Yaounde 1 Faculty of Science Department of Plant Biology Yaounde Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Yaounde Cameroon

The Rio Grande variety of tomato is widely grown because of its high productivity during the cold and dry seasons, and its resistance to Verticillium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporium) and to stem canker (Alternaria). Grafting tomato onto compatible rootstocks resistant to these diseases offers a better potential to overcome soil-borne diseases, abiotic stresses, improve growth, yield and fruit quality. However, in Cameroon, there is little or no information on grafting between Rio Grande tomato and selected eggplant rootstocks. The objectives of this study were: 1) To determine the compatibility between Rio tomato grafting and a popular local eggplant (Nkeya) rootstock;2) To verify the effect of grafting on flowering time;3) To evaluate the effect of eggplant rootstocks on growth, fruit shelf life and fruit quality of Rio tomatoes. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Rio Grande (To) was the ungrafted treatment used as a control. To/Ko, To/To and To/Nk were the grafted treatments eventually transplanted to the field. Growth data were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS software. Descriptive analyses were performed for the other parameters. The results revealed that, 1) The cleft grafting method used was successful with success rate varying between 90 and 100%;2) Grafting influenced flowering date (DAT, p = 0.05) as well as tomato growth parameters including stem height (H, 1.49 × 10-10 p 0.00014) and collar diameter (SD, 4 × 10-14 p 0.009). The To/To treatment was significantly different from the ungrafted cultivar To, which had no significant difference in stem diameter. A significant difference in plant height was also observed between the ungrafted treatment To and the To/Ko and To/Nk treatments. In addition, only the collar diameter of To/Nk was different from To. Also, there was no significant difference between To/To and To, but a significant difference between To/Ko and

关键词： Rio Grande Tomato Nkeya Eggplant Solanum lycopersicum L. Solanum aethiopicum L. Solanum macrocarpon Grafting

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Gaia Journeys: a museum-based immersive performance exploration of the Earth

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2009年第1期2卷 44-58页

作者： K.C.Yu K.Williams D.Neafus L.gaston G.Downing Department of Space Sciences Denver Museum of Nature&ScienceDenverColoradoUSA Remedy Arts LLC New York CityNYUSA Dept.Music&Entertainment Industry Studies University of Colorado at DenverDenverColoradoUSA xRez Studios Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Gaia Journeys is a collaborative multimedia musical and virtual reality art performance conceived by author Williams,with the aid of staff at the Denver Museum of Nature&*** by astronauts who spoke of seeing a border-less world from orbit,Gaia Journeys’chief goal was to deliver this experience to museum audiences via photo-realistic virtual depictions of the Earth(from orbit as well as via spherical photographic panoramas taken from the ground)choreographed to live musical *** Journeys took place in the high resolution digital‘fulldome’Gates Planetarium,withWilliams playing the violin and keyboards,enhancing a previously recorded backing track,while visuals were generated with SCISS AB’s *** eight tracks of audio were three-dimensionally spatialised to the 16.4 sound system of the Gates Planetarium,providing an immersive sound experience to match the *** audience feedback was generally positive,with great interest in repeat or similar future *** visitor evaluations suggest the potent power of the new class of digital planetaria for displaying virtual globe datasets to the public,via both multimedia entertainment like Gaia Journeys as well as traditional lectures.

关键词： digital planetarium museums immersive displays virtual reality musical performance

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Copper-indium hydroxides derived electrocatalysts with tunable compositions for electrochemical CO_(2) reduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第12期30卷 278-284,I0006页

作者： Qixian Xiea gaston O.Larrazabal Ming Ma Ib Chorkendorff Brian Seger Jingshan Luo Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology Solar Energy Research CenterKey Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinMinistry of Education Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic TechnologyRenewable Energy Conversion and Storage CenterNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Surface Physics and Catalysis(Surf Cat)Section Department of PhysicsTechnical University of Denmark2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049Shaanxi.China

Bimetallic Cu-In hybrid electrocatalysts are promising noble metal-free catalysts for selective electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(ECO_(2) RR).Most reports show Cu-In catalysts are selective towards CO evolutio ***,few show similarly high selectivity towards *** we fabricated composition tunable Cu-In hydroxides(Cu_xIn_y-OH) by the hydrothermal method and studied their composition effect on electrochemical CO_(2) reduction in detail. We found that the selectivity of CO_(2) reduction products shifted from CO to formate when the content of In increased in the Cu_xIn_y-OH *** Cu rich electrocatalyst mostly produced CO,which could achieve a Faradaic efficiency(FE) to 75.8% at-0.59 V ***(Cu_(76)In_(24)based electrocatalysts).In comparison,the In rich electrocatalysts selectively produced formate,which possessed the FE of formate up to 85% at-1.01 V *** work systematically illustrates the composition effect on hybrid catalysts,and provides insights into the design of highly selective catalysts for ECO_(2) RR.

关键词： Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction Bimetallic Cu-In hybrid electrocatalysts Carbon monoxide Formate

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Minimum and Maximum Temperature Trends in Congo-Brazzaville: 1932-2010

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2014年第3期4卷 404-430页

作者： gaston Samba Dominique Nganga Centre de Recherches et d’études sur l’Environnement (CR2E) Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo

Maximum and minimum temperatures time series of Congo-Brazzaville are analyzed for trend and discontinuities over the period 1932 to 2010. Temperatures series show an irregular increase. A total of 8 synoptic stations show positive trends in their annual mean maximum temperature series, and 7 of them are significant, with higher trends for urban stations. Annual mean minimum temperature showed 6 stations having positive trends. This increase is in relation with observations at regional scale. However, the differences are observed between large towns (Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire), and small or rural towns (Dolisie, Sibiti, Impfondo, Djambala). Trends in diurnal temperature range (DTR) are large positive trends in maximum temperature that are mainly observed in cities. The curve of DTR shows a decreasing trend which indicates the increasing of minimum temperatures. The effects of urbanization on temperature trends are investigated. Most stations regarded as urban stations are still useful for trend analysis;being situated on the suburban of the studied cities, they are therefore, not substantially influenced by the urban heat island.

关键词： Congo Republic Temperatures Maximum and Minimum Temperature Trends

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Development of a Technical Itinerary for the Production of Avocado (Persea américana Mill.) Seedlings with Biofertilizers

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第9期13卷 1209-1226页

作者： Somo Toukam Gabriel Mahbou Godswill Ntsomboh-Ntsefong Aminatou Mongoue Fanche Félix Tchio Fallone Dongmo gaston Onana Etoga Emmanuel Youmbi Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Yaounde Cameroon

The cultivation of fruit trees generally requires a nursery phase during which the young seedlings are monitored and treated to improve their ability to adapt to the environment. This leads to the production of seedlings that are used to create orchards. It consists of four essential steps or operations: 1) The germination phase of the seeds in germinators for the production of rootstocks;2) Transplanting into pots or bags;3) Fertilisation in order to obtain seedlings of a satisfactory vigour (stem diameter) ready for grafting. The nursery phase requires a good understanding and mastery of plant regeneration and fertilisation techniques. In Cameroon, the demand for avocado (Persea americana) fruits is increasing, but the supply is not keeping up with this demand. After a summary monograph on the production practices of avocado seedlings in the Yaounde area, this work aims to optimise the aforementioned three steps in order to obtain seedlings of sufficient sizes for grafting. Three factors are considered in this study: 1) The substrate (Substrate), whose effects are evaluated by the germination rate (GR), the daily average germination (DAG) and the root volume of seedlings (RootV). 2) The transplanting date (TransD), determined by considering three dates including 40 (Trans40), 65 (Trans65) and 75 (Trans75) days after sowing, and 3) Fertilisation using biological fertilisers, evaluated by testing four fertilisation levels, Fert1 (10 gr of 20-10-10 plus 10 gr fowl droppings), Fert2 (Acaulospora tuberculata), Fert3 (Gigaspora margarita) and Fert4 (Mixed mycorrhizal strains of Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata). This third factor is evaluated by growth parameters including leaf area (LeafA), chlorophyll index (ChlorInd), gain in Plant height (GainPltH) and plant diameter (GainPltD). The trial took place in the First Seed company, a seed production unit located in the Simbock district of Yaounde for the field phase, and the Biological Control Laboratory of

关键词： Persea americana Nursery Mycorrhizae Acaulospora tuberculata Gigaspora margarita Germination Substrate Transplanting Date Growth

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歌剧魅影

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丛书名：每天读一点英文名著

2013年

作者：（法）gaston Leroux

《歌剧魅影》的主人公是一个总习惯于坐在巴黎大歌剧院二层五号包厢的怪绅士。他天赋一副好歌喉，也是一个有知识、有灵性的作曲家，一名优秀的建筑师。由于先天畸形，他的容貌丑陋不堪，只能带着假面具，像幽灵一样生活在巴黎歌剧院幽... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9787561179840;9787561178119

《歌剧魅影》的主人公是一个总习惯于坐在巴黎大歌剧院二层五号包厢的怪绅士。他天赋一副好歌喉，也是一个有知识、有灵性的作曲家，一名优秀的建筑师。由于先天畸形，他的容貌丑陋不堪，只能带着假面具，像幽灵一样生活在巴黎歌剧院幽暗的地下室里。

关键词：对照读物缩写长篇小说英语法国近代汉语

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