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PI3K/SHIP2/PTEN pathway in cell polarity and hepatitis C virus pathogenesis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第1期9卷 18-29页

作者： Aline Awad Ama gassama-Diagne Inserm Unite 1193 Hopital Paul Brousse Univ Paris-Sud UMR-S 1193Univsite Paris-Saclay

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infects hepatocytes, polarized cells in the liver. Chronic HCV infection often leads to steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it has been identified as the leading cause of liver transplantation worldwide. The HCV replication cycle is dependent on lipid metabolism and particularly an accumulation of lipid droplets in host cells. Phosphoinositides(PIs) are minor phospholipids enriched in different membranes and their levels are tightly regulated by specific PI kinases and phosphatases. PIs are implicated in a vast array of cellular responses that are central to morphogenesis, such as cytoskeletal changes, cytokinesis and the recruitment of downstream effectors to govern mechanisms involved in polarization and lumen formation. Important reviews of the literature identified phosphatidylinositol(Ptd Ins) 4-kinases, and their lipid products Ptd Ins(4)P, as critical regulators of the HCV life cycle. SH2-containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase(SHIP2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K) and their lipid products Ptd Ins(3,4)P2 and Ptd Ins(3,4,5)P3, respectively, play an important role in the cell membrane and are key to the establishment of apicobasal polarity and lumen formation. In this review, we will focus on these new functions of PI3 K and SHIP2, and their deregulation by HCV, causing a disruption of apicobasal polarity, actin organization and extracellular matrix assembly. Finally we will highlight the involvement of this pathway in the event of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease related to HCV infection.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Phosphoinositide 3-kinase SH2-containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase Epithelial cell polarity Phosphoinositides

Study of the Drinkability of Groundwater on the Island of MAR in Senegal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第6期14卷 419-432页

作者： Saidou Ndao Papa B. Diop Thioune Diadioly gassama Faculty of Science and Technology University of Thies Thies Senegal

For a long time, the supply of drinking water to the island of Mar was ensured by drilling and wells. The advance of the salt wedge led the populations to stop the exploitation of the drilling due to the accentuation of the salinity of the water characterized by high fluorine content. The marine environment and the rainfall deficit of recent decades as well as population growth have highlighted the sensitivity of this resource. The objective of this article is to study the drinkability of the water supplied by the drilling and the wells of the island of Mar. for this, water samples were taken in the Continental Terminal and their analysis made in situ or in the laboratory. Data processing was done by using Surfer 11 and ArcGIS software. It was emerged from this study that the drop in the piezometric level caused an entry of salt water. The mineralization of the water follows a decreasing trend from areas with marine influence inland. Groundwater in certain areas is generally of good quality with some sources of pollution linked to salinity but also to high levels of nitrate, chloride and fluorine. The island of Mar being confronted with a problem of drinkability of groundwater, the alternative would be to proceed to a transfer of better quality water from nearby areas after a hydrogeological and physico-chemical study of these waters in relation to their fitness for consumption.

关键词： Salinity Terminal Continental Salt Wedge Pollution Solutions

Modelling of the Hydrogeological Behaviour of the Tassette Aquifer: Study of the Possibilities of Exploiting This Aquifer as an Alternative against the Limestone Problem in the Commune of Thies

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Natural Resources 2023年第10期14卷 205-214页

作者： Saidou Ndao Famara Seydi Ba Papa Babacar Diop Thioune Diadioly gassama Laboratory of Science and Technology of Water and Environment (LaSTEE) Polytechnic School of Thies Thies Senegal UFR Sciences and Technologies Iba Der THIAM University of Thies Thies Senegal Higher Institute of Agricultural and Rural Training ISFAR Alioune DIOP University of Bambey Bambey Senegal

Senegal’s drinking water supply comes on the one hand from groundwater and mainly from Maastrichtian and Paleocene aquifers. The Tassette area included in the Thies region has such potential that the Paleocene is currently exploited to cover a certain part of Dakar’s important water needs. In addition, the city of Thies is itself confronted with the problems of limestone present in its drinking water and generally creating problems of scaling pipes. A water transfer is therefore a possible option to deal with this situation. This study will consist of modelling the Tassette aquifer to determine if it will cover Thies’ water needs over a period of 20 years. To assess the responses of the groundwater to pumping at this level and the changes that may occur, a numerical hydrogeological model is necessary. In order to have a better overview of the area, boreholes and piezometric tests were carried out, highlighting the different characteristics of the aquifer and the water it contains. Based on these, the model was developed according to a mesh system and more precisely by discretization and simulation according to the finite difference method from the Visual Modflow Flex software. The results observed for this modelling show that the city of Thies cannot be supplied as a whole. This mining model also causes brackish water intrusion. On the other hand, the additional withdrawal of a certain quantity of water compared to the current situation does not have as great negative impacts and would still partially meet the expectations of this modelling.

关键词： Modelling Tassette Hydrogeological Model Aquifer Aquifer

Tele-Analytical Characterization of the Eburnean Tectonic Structures within the Birimian Formations of Mako Area, Eastern Senegal

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International Journal of Geosciences 2022年第1期13卷 12-32页

作者： Ibrahima gassama Moussa Dabo Emmanuel Tama Samoura Mamadou Ndiaye Department of Geology School of Science and Technology Sheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Géosciences Rennes UMR 6118 CNRS Université de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu Rennes France

The tectonic structures of the Mako area in the Kédougou-Kéniéba inlier (KKI) were mapped with tele-analytical investigation which is validated by field data. This study is based on different images processing in particular: 1) the colored combinations (1 to 5) and panchromatic (8) thematic mapping bands of the Landsat-8 (ETM+) satellite;2) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) image of Space Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM);3) airborne geophysics (aeromagnetic and radiometric) images. In these images, four major directions of lineaments NS, NNE-SSW, NW-SE and EW would be related to the tectonic structures, have been identified and mapped. Field data confirm these four structural directions and show that most of these lineaments are related to faults, shear and/or thrust zones, or even basic rock dykes. N-S to NE-SW oriented lineaments are more frequent followed by those NW-SE oriented. These two directions of lineaments are generally in correlation with trajectories of major sinistral shear zones in the Mako area. They would be associated with the S2a and S2b schistosities relative to the D2 Eburnean major deformation. They often intersect the E-W oriented lineaments which are less frequent and sometimes folded and crenulated. This E-W oriented linea

Study and Proposal for a Hyperfluorinated Brackish Water Treatment System in the Fatick Region, Case of Diouroup (Senegal)

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2021年第11期12卷 392-407页

作者： Alioune Ly Diadioly gassama Baba Ngom Famara Seydi Ba Séni Tamba Laboratory of Sciences and Technologies of Water and Environment Polytechnic School Thies Senegal Department Physics Chemistry UFR Science and Technology Iba Der Thiam University Thies Senegal

Groundwater is the main resource for human consumption in many countries, especially in developing countries. This groundwater is often brackish and hyperfluorinated, which leads to diseases such as dental and bone fluorosis, etc. The water from the Diouroup water drainage facilities, like those from many other water drainage facilities in the regions of Fatick, Kaolack, Diourbel and the area of Touba, is facing this problem. To solve these problems, several physicochemical and membrane methods have been implemented. In this work we have briefly outlined some of these methods and we have chosen one of them, low pressure reverse osmosis. In addition, this technique is very simple to operate and maintain. Reverse osmosis provides good quality water in a single step, without the need for additional sterilization or remineralization treatments. We then carried out simulations with the Reverse Osmosis System Analysis (ROSA) software. For reasonable operating parameters, we have noticed a low feed pressure of 11.58 bars, a good average flow of raw water of 27.79 L/m2/h and a recovery rate of the first pass of 75.01%. The results obtained also showed a good quality of the permeate which respects the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) on drinking water. The fluorides of 0.59 mg/L have a recovery rate of 90.8% while the chlorides of 59.09 mg/L have a recovery rate of 92.12% as for the Total Dissolved Solids of 184.90 mg/L for an abatement of 92%. Finally, the low energy consumption of the process makes it possible to consider it in coupling with an electric supply by photovoltaic solar collectors for isolated sites.

关键词： Brackish Water Drinking Water Fluoride Reverse Osmosis Diouroup

Management of High Complicated Genital Infections at the Aristide De Le Dantec Hospital: Apropos of Six Cases

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第11期13卷 1816-1830页

作者： Aliou Cisse Mef Dieme Omar gassama Youssoupha Toure An Coly Alassane Diouf Dantec Hospital and University Center Dakar Senegal

Objective: To study the epidemiology, the diagnostic elements and the prognosis after laparotomy surgery, of complicated upper genital infections. Patients and method: This is a retrospective study of six cases of complicated upper genital infections collected over a period of 20 months in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of the Aristide Hospital Center of LEDANTEC. Results: The average age of the patients was 37.67, in two patients;a hysterosalpingography had been performed less than seven days before the start of the symptoms, a notion of multiple sexual partners was noted in two patients. All patients presented with acute abdominal-pelvic pain associated with vomiting in three patients. An infectious syndrome was found in two patients, adnexal pain caused in four patients and signs of peritoneal irritation (guarding and umbilical tenderness) in three patients. Para-clinically, a biological inflammatory syndrome was found in all patients, including an elevation of C-reactive protein in all patients and hyperleukocytosis in four patients and an elevation of CA 125 in two patients. The cytobacteriological examination of the pus taken intraoperatively was positive in two patients, the isolated germs were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae. Pelvic ultrasound was performed in all patients and revealed a cystic adnexal mass in five cases, a pyosalpinx and peritoneal effusion in two cases. Abdominal & pelvic computed tomography was performed in four patients and revealed a lateral-uterine adnexal mass in two cases, pyosalpinx in two cases, uretero-hydronephrosis and peritoneal effusion in one case. An exploratory laparotomy was performed in each patient and confirmed the diagnosis of tuboovarian abscess, the presence of pelvic adhesion and purulent effusion in four patients, the presence of false membranes in two patients, pyometra and isolated bilateral pyosaplinx were found in one patient. Radical surgical treatment was associated with double proba

关键词： Tubo-Ovarian Abscess Pyometra Pyosalpinx

Meaning of Rocks Basic Enclaves in the Eburnean Granitoids of Mako Area (Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier, Senegal): Petrogenetic Implications

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International Journal of Geosciences 2021年第1期12卷 39-56页

作者： Ibrahima gassama Moussa Dabo Mamadou Ndiaye Emmanuel Tama Samoura Fatou Bop Ndong Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Département de Géologie Dakar Sénégal

The Mako area, located in eastern Sénégal, constitutes a segment of Paleoproterozoic (Birimian) formations of the Kédougou-Kéniéba Inliers (KKI) in the western part of the West African craton. The basic volcanism of the Birimian formations of the KKI has long been considered to be related to a single magmatic event associated with a Mid Oceanic Ridge Basalts (MORB) setting. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate on the basis of the architectural characteristics of the granitoids dark enclaves, the occurrence of at least two distinct phases of basic Magamtism in the Birimian of the KKI. The methodology consists of a cartography, a petrographic and architectural characterization of the dark enclaves within the Mako granitoids, in order to constrain their spatial and temporal relationships with the granitic magma. The results obtained are compared with those of the bibliography. We have pinpointed two types of enclaves depending o

关键词： Paleoproterozoic Kédougou-Kéniéba Mako Granitoids Basic Enclave Birimian

Hydrogeochemistry of the Bicaz storage lake, East Carpathians, Romania

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2006年第B8期25卷 157-158页

作者： Nathalie gassama Constantin Cocirta Haino Uwe Kasper Neculai Al. Apetroaei GéEAC EA 2100 Université Francois Rabelais F-37200 Tours France Institut fuer Geologie und Mineralogie Universitaet Koeln D-50674 Koeln Germany Laboratorul de Acvacultura si Ecologie acvatica Piatra Neamt Universitatea ALI. Cuza RO-700134 lasi Romania

Analysis of Maternal Deaths in Suburban of Dakar, Senegal

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第5期11卷 523-528页

作者： Abdoul Aziz Diouf Omar gassama Moussa Diallo Mohamed T. Diadhiou Simon Birame Ndour Mamour Gueye Alassane Diouf Pikine National Hospital Thiaroye Dakar Senegal Aristide Le Dantec Teatching Hospital Dakar Senegal Phillipe Maguilen Senghor Hospital Yoff Dakar Senegal

Objective: Maternal mortality remains a major concern in developing countries. This survey aims to suggest strategic plans that would help decrease maternal and perinatal mortality in the suburbs. It is a descriptive study that shows the different causes of maternal deaths during pregnancy and puerperium period. Methods: It is a retrospective descriptive study done between January 1st 2016 and the 31st of December 2018. We have collected information on all deaths due to mortality issues in Five (5) maternity clinics around Dakar. The record shows that teach centre have an average of 4000 deliveries per year. The data collected from the hospital records were inputted using Sphinx software (version 5). These data were analysed using Epi Info software (version 3.5). After analysing these data, recommendations were made to minimize the different causes of maternal deaths. Results: We recorded 154 maternal deaths out of 32,420 live births. The direct causes of maternal deaths were a result of preeclampsia and its complications (31.2%), postpartum haemorrhage (24.7%), abruption placentae (20.8%) and obstructed labour (7.8%). The indirect causes were mainly sickle cell disease (1.3%), heart disease (1.3%) and gynaecological cancers (1.3%). Maternal deaths were also associated with fetal loss in 47.4% of 153 maternal deaths, need for blood transfusion 59% while none of the reference structures in the suburbs of Dakar has a blood bank;with a need for admission in intensive care unit was noted as 40%.

关键词： Maternal Mortality Preeclampsia Haemorrhage Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care Senegal