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Socio-Demographic and Occupational Aspects of HIV-HBV Co-Infection in Bangui, Central African Republic (CAR): Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 310-321页

作者： gaspard tékpa Hermione Dahlia Mossoro-Kpinde Jessy Guylaine Nazilari Gertrude Komoyo Saint Calvaire Henri Diémer Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de lAmiti Bangui Central African Rpublic (CAR) Dpartement de Mdecine Facult des Sciences de la Sant Universit de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic (CAR) Direction de la Mdecine du travail Ministre du Travail de lemploi et de la Protection Sociale Bangui Central African Rpublic (CAR) Dpartement de Sant Publique Facult des Sciences de la Sant Universit de Bangui Bangui Central African Rpublic (CAR)

Objective: HIV-HBV co-infection is a major public health problem that has not been sufficiently explored in the Central African workplace. the aim of this study was to assess the frequency of HIV-HBV co-infection among people who living with HIV (PLHIV) in the infectious and tropical diseases department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de lAmiti Sino-Centrafricaine in Bangui. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2021 in the Infectious and tropical Diseases Department at the Amiti Sino-Centrafricaine University Hospital. It included the files of all PLHIV, which included the results of HBV serology. A standardized form was used to collect socio-demographic and professional data by documentary review. Data was analysed using Epi-Info 7 software. Means, proportions were calculated as well as Chi square witch was significant if p-value was below 0.05. Results: the study included 265 patients, 188 were women (70.1%) and 77 men (29.1%), giving a sex ratio of 0.45. Mean age was 35.8 years, higher in men (40 years) than in women (35.8 years) (p 0.0001). the age groups 25 to 34 (37.7%) and 35 to 44 (33.6%) were in the majority (71.3%). the majority of PLHIV were unemployed (57.1%), including housewives (43.0%). HBV prevalence was 14.3%, including 7.2% among the unemployed, who account for half of all co-infections. the search for associations between HIV-HBV co-infection and all socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status) and socio-professional categories showed no significant difference (p 0.05). Conclusion: PLHIV were predominantly young adults, female, and unemployed;no occupation was significantly associated with co-infection. the vast majority of co-infected people were not covered by the occupational health system (unemployed or informal sector). Urgent action is needed to improve workers access to occupational medicine in CAR.

关键词： People Living with HIV HIV-HBV Co-Infection Occupation Informal Sector

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Epidemiological, Clinical and Evolutionary Aspects of Human African trypanosomiasis in Children in Nola

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 344-358页

作者： Brice Olivier Bogning Mejiozem gaspard tékpa Synthia Ningatoloum Nazita Jocelyn tony Nengom Danebera Lydie Verlaine Carine Judith Kiteze Nguinzanémou Rostand Juste Koyangboi Kombaya Iris Vanessa Gaspiet Sonny Jean Chrysostome Gody Complexe Hospitalier Pédiatrique de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine Service des Maladies Infectieuses H&#244pital de l’Amitié Bangui République Centrafricaine Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine Centre Hospitalo Universitaire Communautaire de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine Faculté de Médecineet des Sciences Biomédicales Université de Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroun

Background: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAt) occurs in three historical foci in the Central African Republic. Objective: to describe the morbi-mortality of childhood HAt in rural Central African Republic with the aim of early management. Methods: Descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study conducted from January 1, 2017 to March 30, 2018 at Nola prefectural hospital. this study was included all children seen as outpatients and/or hospitalized in the pediatric wards, in whom the diagnosis of HAt was confirmed. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi-info software. Results: Forty children were included from Bilolo (60%), Nola (30%) and Salo (10%). the sex ratio was 0.66 with a median age of 8.65 ± 12.48 years. Fever (82.5%), nocturnal insomnia (75%), daytime somnolence (67.5%), headache (65%), polyarthralgia (62.5%), convulsions 52.5% (n = 21), tremor (27.5%), trypanidism (7.5%) and delirium (2.5%) were the main functional signs. Examination signs were adenopathy (52.5%), paresthesia (30%), decreased cutaneous-abdominal reflexes (25%) and osteoarticular reflexes (17.5%), hyperesthesia (20%), extrapyramidal hypertonia (15%) and depression (2.5%). the children were in the lymphatic-blood phase in 65% of cases, and meningoencephalitis in 35%. Pentamidine was administered in 65% of cases. Four children died and 6 had neurological sequelae. there was an association between age under 5, Bilolo’s focus, the children’s history and the severity of the disease. Age under 5, gender, household, children’s activity, history and occurrence of sequelae were also associated. Conclusion: HAt remains a permanent threat to Central African children. Any clinical presentation combining long-term infectious signs and unexplained neurological or neuropsychological disorders must be treated with caution.

关键词： Morbidity-Mortality Child HAt Nola CAR

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Active Matter, Microreversibility, and thermodynamics

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Research 2020年第1期2020卷 1921-1940页

作者： Pierre gaspard Raymond Kapral Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems UniversitéLibre de Bruxelles(U.L.B.)Code Postal 231Campus PlaineB-1050 BrusselsBelgium Chemical Physics theory Group Department of ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada M5S 3H6

Active matter,comprising many active agents interacting and moving in fluids or more complex environments,is a commonly occurring state of matter in biological and physical *** its very nature,active matter systems exist in nonequilibrium *** this paper,the active agents are small Janus colloidal particles that use chemical energy provided by chemical reactions occurring on their surfaces for propulsion through a diffusiophoretic *** a result of interactions among these colloids,either directly or through fluid velocity and concentration fields,they may act collectively to form structures such as dynamic clusters.A general nonequilibrium thermodynamics framework for the description of such systems is presented that accounts for both self-diffusiophoresis and diffusiophoresis due to external concentration gradients,and is consistent with *** predicts the existence of a reciprocal effect of diffusiophoresis back onto the reaction rate for the entire collection of colloids in the system,as well as the existence of a clustering instability that leads to nonequilibrium inhomogeneous system states.

关键词： mechanism nonequilibrium system

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Contribution to the Study of the Incidence of Post-Streptococcal Complications in Republic Central African Republic from 2015 to 2018

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 110-121页

作者： Zéphirin Dalengat Vogbia Ernest Lango Yaya Jean De Dieu Longo Augustin Balekouzou gaspard tekpa Christian Maucler Pamaticka Stéphanie Judith N’Yetobouko Maurel Anicet Adonis Ouoko Fatigbia Christian Diamant Mossoro Kpindet Gérard Gresenguet Epidemiology and Research Service National Reference Center for Sexually Transmitted Infections and Anti-Retroviral Therapy Ministry of Health Bangui Central African Republic Direction of National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health Ministry of Health Bangui Central African Republic training Project Manager and Heald of Public Departement Ministry of Health Bangui Central African Republic Faculty of Health Sciences Doctoral School of Human and Veterinary Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic National Committee for the Fight against AIDS Primature Bangui Central African Republic Infectious Disease Department The Sino Central African Friendship University Hospital Center Bangui Central African Republic Epidemiology Department Bangui National University Hospital Center Bangui Central African Republic

Introduction: Acute rheumatic fever (AAR) is a non-suppurative complication of late infection by group A. Infections due to streptococci remain a public health problem in the Central African Republic. the present study aims to determine the incidence rate of AAR cases and its complications. Methodology: this was a retrospective and analytical study over a period of 4 years (from January 2015 to December 2018) at the National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health (LNBCSP) in Bangui. It focused on samples concerning the diagnosis of AAR and patient files seen in consultation in the capital’s reference health establishments. Laboratory registers and patient consultation files were used to collect data. they were entered into Excel 2010 to be analyzed with Epi Info 7. A univariate analysis by logistic regression, Ficher’s exact test, and chi2 at the 5% threshold (p Results: We analyzed 94 cases meeting Jones’s criteria. the ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 85 years (mean age 52 years and mode 45 years). the incidence rate of AAR for the female sex was higher than that of the male sex during the study period (p > 0.05). It went from 166.6 in 2015 to 200 in 2016 and 2018 cases of AAR per 1000 people per year. the average incidence rate was 296.18 cases of AAR per 1000 people per year. the average incidence rate was 223.5 cases of AAR per 1000 people per year for joint damage. Joint damage represented 80.85% (RR = 0.62;Chi2 = 4.88;95% CI [0.39-0.97];p Conclusion: the study allowed data on the impact rate and complications of the AAR in Bangui. Special attention to data management will help produce a complete result on the problem. Joint complications predominated. Sustaining an effective surveillance system and preventing infection would help reduce the risk of AAR occurrence.

关键词： Incidence Acute Joint Rheumatism Central African Republic

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the Moser-trudinger-Onofri Inequality

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2015年第5期36卷 777-802页

作者： Jean DOLBEAULt Maria J.EStEBAN gaspard JANKOWIAK Ceremade CNRS UMR 7534 and Université Paris-Dauphine Place de Lattre de Tassigny

this paper is devoted to results on the Moser-trudinger-Onofri inequality, or the Onofri inequality for brevity. In dimension two this inequality plays a role similar to that of the Sobolev inequality in higher dimensions. After justifying this statement by recovering the Onofri inequality through various limiting procedures and after reviewing some known results, the authors state several elementary *** new results are also proved in this paper. A proof of the inequality is given by using mass transportation methods(in the radial case), consistently with similar results for Sobolev inequalities. the authors investigate how duality can be used to improve the Onofri inequality, in connection with the logarithmic Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev *** the framework of fast diffusion equations, it is established that the inequality is an entropy-entropy production inequality, which provides an integral remainder term. Finally,a proof of the inequality based on rigidity methods is given and a related nonlinear flow is introduced.

关键词： Moser-trudinger-Onofri inequality Duality Mass transportation Fast diffusion equation Rigidity

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On the 'Reasonableness' of Discourse:Peirce and the Rhetoric of Speech Genres

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2016年第2期2卷 101-112页

作者： Jeoffrey gaspard Universitélibre de Bruxelles Belgium

In this paper we propose to focus on so-called speech genres, traditionally understood as a set of tacit instructions broadly constraining the form and content of our discursive productions. More specifi cally, and according to Peirce's categorial scheme, we suggest speech genres can be considered as ‘thirds', or purposeful and general ‘laws' overdetermining speech and its regularities. As such, the study of their semiotic mechanisms would fall within the sphere of Peirce's ‘speculative rhetoric', one of the three branches of his semeiotics. Overall, following Lyne, we suggest that any speech genre relates to three kinds of rhetorical ‘habits' —habits of representation, habits of objectifi cation, and habits of interpretation—which explain a sense of ‘reasonableness' permeating any discursive practice in society. We suggest that the task of discursive rhetorics should be to delineate, for given cultural communities, the productive and interpretive norms and mechanisms which govern the determination of discourse and elicit an intended interpretation on the interpreter's side.

关键词： Charles S.Peirce speech genres rhetoric discourse analysis purpose situation communication habits

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Essentials of pathophysiology : concepts of altered health states / Carol Mattson Porth ; consultants, Kathryn J. gaspard, Kim A. Noble.

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2011年

作者： Carol Mattson Porth consultants Kathryn J. gaspard Kim A. Noble.

Abridgement of: Pathophysiology / Carol Mattson Porth. 8th ed. ***, 1256 p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.).

ISBN: (纸本)9781582557243

Abridgement of: Pathophysiology / Carol Mattson Porth. 8th ed. ***, 1256 p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.).

关键词： Physiology Pathological. Nursing.

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面向人机协作的ViBe安全监控方法

面向人机协作的ViBe安全监控方法

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作者： gaspard Pierre Dubreuil 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

在“中国制造2025”的大背景下,中国的制造业近些年高速发展,机器人在制造领域的运用也越来越普及。当前,机器人技术正在经历巨大的飞跃,从起初机器人替换工人向人机合作快速发展。人机协作不仅可以拥有人的智能和灵巧等特性,还拥有了... 详细信息

在“中国制造2025”的大背景下,中国的制造业近些年高速发展,机器人在制造领域的运用也越来越普及。当前,机器人技术正在经历巨大的飞跃,从起初机器人替换工人向人机合作快速发展。人机协作不仅可以拥有人的智能和灵巧等特性,还拥有了机器人的力量、速度、精度、可重复性和耐用性等优点。人机协作不仅提高成本效益比,也减轻了工人重复繁重的体力劳作辛苦。这种人机协作(Human-Robot Cooperation)带来了新的关注点和技术挑战,最重要的是人机交互(Human-Robot Interaction,HRI)的安全性改进。在传统情况下,基于安全性的考虑会将机器人与人进行了物理隔离,比如使用围栏阻止人们接近机器人,但这无法实现人机合作。本论文提供了一套完整的人机安全系统和保障人机交互安全的方法,工人和机器人可以在安全的环境中协同工作而不需要进行物理隔离。本文构建了一个简单,低成本且可行的解决方案,具体使用鱼眼镜头并将其放置在工业机器人上方,从而使机器人可以了解其周围环境;进而设计ViBe背景差分算法检测用户定义的关键安全区域中的移动物体,如果在定义的区域中检测到异物,则命令机器人根据情况减速或停止;检测范围可根据用户需要指定,该系统维护简便,配置灵活,效率高。本文设计的系统允许机器人与其环境之间进行安全的交互,从机器人行为的角度考虑了安全性,使其不会伤害附近的工人。该系统无需使用围栏来保护彼此,通过视觉监控的方法确保机器人和操作员的安全。该解决方案还节省了空间,可以改善工人的状况,提高安全性并开启项目可能性。所提供的解决方案已经可以在工业中应用,并且已被JAKA公司使用。

关键词：机器人协作安全 ViBe 背景差分

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Enhancing Security for Legacy Factory Machines: A Continuous Key Renewal Algorithm for Securing Group of Machines

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2023年第12期16卷 714-743页

作者： Nicolas Ferry Paul-Eric Dossou Gabriel Ihowa gaspard Laouenan Icam Nantes Carquefou France Icam Grand Paris Sud Carré Sénart Lieusaint France IFSttAR/AME/SPLOtt Université Gustave Eiffel Marne-la-Vallée France

Companies are generally focused on how to improve their global performance. Concepts, methods and tools are regularly used to transform them. Key performance indicators are used to measure how performance is increased. Industry 4.0 concepts and sustainability expectations actually contribute to this performance improvement. Indeed, cybersecurity as one of these concepts is required to increase the company performance. Even if it is well-known and applied in companies through the protection of their information systems, progress is expected in research on how to ensure the security of data and factory processes in the manufacturing, as the number of cyberattacks towards industries is growing these last few years. this paper aims to increase the company performance and sustainability to enforce factory machines protection by creating private security network groups. But currently, most of the Programmable Logic Controller PLC protocols have not been securely designed. thus, the creation of secure groups of machines by combining strong authentication, strong or lightweight ciphering, and data stream integrity is proposed. the security is enforced by a continuous key’s renewal algorithm. An experiment on an industry’s architecture has been led to validate the concepts of the proposition. the study is compared to existing OPC-UA and MACsec standards in terms of drawbacks and advantages. this work could be implemented in hardware for further performance improvement.

关键词： Sustainable Industries Cybersecurity Networks Protocols Side-Channel Analysis

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy Produced from Recycled Beverage Cans

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy ...

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作者： gaspard Lemoine usage Lemoine-Scelles 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

铝是一种在地球上广泛存在的金属材料。由于铝具有非常好的机械性能、导电性以及导热性,并且其密度较低,因而广泛应用于交通运输以及建筑行业。轻质,耐腐蚀,易成型的铝合金材料非常适用于食物包装。世界上,每年要生产出2100亿个饮料罐,... 详细信息

铝是一种在地球上广泛存在的金属材料。由于铝具有非常好的机械性能、导电性以及导热性,并且其密度较低,因而广泛应用于交通运输以及建筑行业。轻质,耐腐蚀,易成型的铝合金材料非常适用于食物包装。世界上,每年要生产出2100亿个饮料罐,其中85%是用铝合金制造的。北美,欧洲和日本在以重熔为主要手段的铝合金回收行业处于领先地位,然而中国,印度和俄罗斯等国回收铝合金比例也在快速增长。事实上,回收一个铝合金易拉罐所消耗的能量相比于生产出同样的数量的易拉罐少20倍,其温室气体的排放量也减少近20倍。此外,铝合金易拉罐是100%可回收材料,并且在回收加工的过程中不会丢失其本身的优异性能。本文是以回收的铝合金易拉罐为原料,研究其在经过高能球磨和热固结后材料的力学性能。这种方法现在在工业中并不常用,但它有可能取代重熔回收。因此,本项目着眼于研究通过固态回收,制备纳米结构铝合金粉末以及铝合金纳米复合材料,并研究粉末固结后材料的力学性能与结构的关系。通过不同的高能球磨参数,制备出铝合金粉末和添加纳米Si C增强颗粒的纳米复合材料粉末。我们总共制备了4种不同的粉末,包括两种不同的组分和两种不同的球磨时间。我们通过粉末的维氏硬度,ICP测试,XRD分析,粒度分析以及SEM分析等方式表征出粉末的力学性能,成分以及结构。提高球磨时间和添加5%纳米Si C颗粒会提高粉末的维氏硬度。通过ICP分析原始易拉罐和球磨后的粉末成分,再对比制成后材料的理论成分,证实了通过混合和球磨两种不同成分的铝合金易拉罐,成功制备出一种新成分铝合金。粉末通过两种不同的方式进行固结和挤压。通过这两种方式制备的材料,其抗拉强度到达了600～750MPa之间。相比于冷压直接挤压的样品,经过SPS的样品尽管材料塑性变形阶段没有增大,但是其弹性变形阶段的延伸率增加了,其总的延伸率数值从1.5%增加到3%。额外添加5%Si C的样品虽然没有增加材料的硬度,但是其增加了材料最终的抗拉强度。此外,铝合金基体内观察到了铁的夹杂,它可能会影响材料的抗拉强度,并对材料的最终断裂产生重大影响。本研究是以回收铝合金易拉罐为原料,研究经过机械合金化制成的粉末,以及通过热固结和挤压后制成材料的机械性能和显微结构。

关键词：回收铝合金易拉罐机械合金化固结

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