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Treatment and prevention of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic areas is urgently needed

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 85-89页

作者： Robert Colebunders Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo Olivia Kamoen Luis-Jorge Amaral Amber Hadermann Chiara Trevisan Mark J.Taylor Julia Gauglitz Achim Hoerauf Yasuaki Sato Katja Polman Maria-Gloria Basanez Dan Bhwana Thomson Lakwo gasim abd-elfarag Sebastien D.Pion Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Department of Neurology Heilig Hart ZiekenhuisLierBelgium Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine LiverpoolUK Department of Computer Science University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Institute of Medical Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-CologneBonnGermany School of Global Humanities and Social Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and London Centre for Neglected TropicalDisease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK National Institute for Medical Research TangaTanzania Vector Control Division Ministry of HealthKampalaUganda School of Public Health University of JubaJubaSouth Sudan Access for Humanity JubaSouth Sudan French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development MontpellierFrance

Background There is increasing epidemiological evidence supporting the association between onchocerciasis and seizures, reinforcing the concept of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE). The aim of this paper is to provide an update on the new knowledge about OAE and to propose recommendations to the World Health Organization how to address this public health *** text During the 2nd International Workshop on OAE held on 19-21 September, 2023, in Antwerp, Belgium, participants recognised OAE as a substantial yet neglected public health problem, particularly in areas of sub-Saharan Africa where onchocerciasis remains hyperendemic. Evidence from prospective population-based studies suggest that strengthening onchocerciasis elimination efforts leads to a significant reduction of OAE incidence. There is a need to validate an OAE case definition to estimate the burden of disease and identify onchocerciasis-endemic areas requiring intensification of onchocerciasis elimination programmes and integration of epilepsy care. It is expected that raising awareness about OAE will boost the population uptake of ivermectin. The implementation of a community-based epilepsy treatment programme offering free anti-seizure medications (ASMs) has shown high effectiveness in reducing the frequency of seizures and improving the overall quality of life of people with *** To reduce OAE burden, enhanced collaboration between onchocerciasis and mental health programmes at community, national, and international levels is required. Urgent efforts are needed to ensure the uninterrupted provision of free ASMs in onchocerciasis-endemic areas. Furthermore, OAE should be included in the quantification of the onchocerciasis disease burden.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Morbidity Burden of disease Prevention Ivermectin Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Treatment Children Policy

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The effect of bi-annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin on the incidence of epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic villages in South Sudan:a study protocol

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 1177-1184页

作者： gasim abd-elfarag Makoy Yibi Logora Jane YCarter Morrish Ojok Jackson Songok Sonia Menon Ferdinand Wit Richard Lako Robert Colebunders Department of Global Health Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development AmsterdamThe Netherlands Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit Ministry of HealthJubaRepublic of South Sudan Amref International University NairobiKenya Amref Health Africa JubaSouth Sudan Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Policy PlanningBudgeting and ResearchMinistry of HealthJubaRepublic of South Sudan Global Health Institute University of AntwerpKinsbergen CentrumDoornstraat 3312610 AntwerpBelgium

Background:Nodding syndrome(NS)is a devastating epileptic illness of unknown aetiology mainly affecting children 5-15 years of *** nodding distinguishes NS from other forms of *** manifestations of the illness include mental and physical growth *** children die as a result of falling in fires or ***,it was shown that NS is only one of the phenotypic presentations of onchocerciasis associated epilepsy(OAE).Despite the strong epidemiological association between epilepsy and onchocerciasis,the causal mechanism is *** implementation of bi-annual community directed treatment with ivermectin(CDTi)and larviciding of rivers in northern Uganda,new cases of NS have ceased,while new cases continue to emerge in South Sudanese onchocerciasis-endemic areas with an interrupted CDTi *** study is designed to evaluate the potential effects of bi-annual CDTi on reducing the incidence of NS/OAE in onchocerciasisendemic areas in South ***:A pre-intervention door-to-door population-based household survey will be conducted in selected onchocerciasis-endemic villages in Mundri and Maridi Counties,which have a high prevalence of *** a validated questionnaire,the entire village will be screened by community research assistants for suspected epilepsy *** cases will be interviewed and examined by a trained clinical officer or medical doctor who will confirm or reject the diagnosis of ***-annual CDTi will be implemented in the villages and a surveillance system for epilepsy set *** implementing an epilepsy onchocerciasis awareness campaign we expect to obtain>90%CDTi coverage of eligible *** door-to-door survey will be repeated two years after the baseline *** incidence of NS/OAE will be compared before and after bi-annual ***:Our study is the first population-based study to evaluate the effect of bi-annual CDTi to reduce the incidence of NS/*** the study

关键词： Onchocerciasis Epilepsy Nodding syndrome South Sudan Ivermectin Community directed treatment Mundri Maridi

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Exploration of Green Alternatives to 6PPD (P-Phenylenediamine) Used as Antiozonant and Antioxidant in the Rubber Industry

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2024年第4期15卷 87-100页

作者： Emine Demir Husnu Gerengi Kerem Savcı gasim Altundal Canan Yüksel Doğaç Çağıl Anlas Tyre Company R&D Center D&#252zce T&#252rkiye Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering D&#252zce University D&#252zce T&#252rkiye The Koc High School &#304stanbul T&#252rkiye

Antiozonants and antioxidants are additives commonly used in the rubber industry to enhance the durability and performance of rubber products. Ozone, present in the atmosphere, can cause rubber to degrade over time through a process known as ozone cracking. These rubber additives are added to rubber compounds to protect against this degradation. They work by reacting with ozone, preventing it from attacking and breaking the molecular chains in the rubber, helping to maintain the structural integrity of the rubber product. It is now well known that 6PPD contributes to the extension of the service life of rubber products. However, recent studies have shown that 6PPD can be harmful to the environment, especially when end-of-life tyres (ELTs) are contaminated with the water. With the effect of ozone, 6PPD is converted to 6PPD quinone, which is toxic enough to kill some sensitive fish species such as Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). This study drew attention to new chemical compounds and natural products that can be used as antiozonants and antioxidants in the rubber industry instead of 6PPD. Although the scientific studies are promising, the fact that 6PPD is still used in production shows that more scientific studies and social awareness need to be developed in this area.

关键词： 6PPD Coho Salmon Antiozonant Antioxidant

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Investigation of the Potential of Using Liquid Rubbers in Rubber Industry

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2023年第9期11卷 21-30页

作者： Emine Demir gasim Altundal Husnu Gerengi Canan Yüksel Anlas Tyre Company R&D Center Düzce Türkiye Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Düzce University Düzce Türkiye

Along with the developing technology in the rubber industry, the use of natural and synthetic rubbers as well as liquid rubbers has increased significantly in recent years. The formulation of the tread compound, which directly affects the performance of a tire, is generally produced from natural and synthetic rubbers. Intensive scientific studies have been carried out on liquid rubbers because they reduce the consumption of process oils used in the tire production phase and increase dispersion. In this study, the rheological and physico-mechanical properties of rubbers developed using only liquid rubber (liquid isoprene and liquid SBR) with four different viscosities and without using process oil (Styrene Butadiene Rubber—SBR) were investigated. It has been observed that the rubber blends produced by adding four different liquid rubbers to the same recipe caused changes in rheological and physico-mechanical properties compared to the reference sample. It was observed that the minimum torque/viscosity (ML), maximum torque/viscosity (MH) and curing time (t90) in some of the formulas tested decreased significantly due to the use of liquid rubber.

关键词： Natural Rubber Liquid Rubber SBR Isoprene

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Heterotic Effect, Combining Ability and Significance of Synthetics over Line Cultivars in Faba Bean (Vicia fabaL.) Grown under Semi-Arid Zones

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第13期9卷 2684-2695页

作者： Seif M. gasim Alam E. Mohamed Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Shambat Sudan Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture University of Zalingei Zalingei Sudan

The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of heterosis and performance of faba bean synthetic cultivars compared to line cultivars under semi-arid conditions. Five inbred lines in at least S6 generation were developed and used to develop F1s hybrid (in all possible combination excluding reciprocal), lines mixtures (Syn-0) and synthetic generations of Syn-1. Evaluation of the entries showed the lines to have high general and specific combining ability, high yield and high average degree of cross-fertilization (0.36);hetrosis relative to mid-parent for yield was 67%. Lines mixture from four inbred lines (Hudeiba/93, Bassabier, Ed-Damar and Shabah) gave the highest yield of 3.40 t/ha for Syn-0 and 3.96 t/ha for Syn-1. Compared to the average yield t/ha of the pure stand of the four lines (3.11 t/ha), the increase in yield of was 9% in sy-0 and 27% in Syn-1. Compared to the individual yield t/ha of the pure stand of the lines, the performance of Syn-0 surpassed that of the individual pure stands of the linesby 14% for Hudiaba/93 and Bassabier and 4% for Ed-Damar and 7% for Shabah, whereas the increase in performance of Syn-1 compared to pure stand of the lines was 32%, 25% and 21%, respectively. The results confirm the previous knowledge on yield increase with successive syn-generations in faba bean due to the effects of heterogeneity and heterozygosity. Such results could be used as a base for an effective breeding program for improvement of yield of faba bean grown under the semi-arid zones.

关键词： Hetrosis Synthetics Faba Bean Yield Arid-Zone

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Genetic Diversity in the Semi-Arid Grown Cowpea(Vigna unguiculataL. Walp)Accessions Using Morphological and Molecular Characterization

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第8期11卷 692-706页

作者： Ahmed A. Elteib Seif M. gasim Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Shambat Sudan

Assessment of genetic diversity of the indigenous crop accessions is extremely important for breeders to identify potential parents in cross-breeding programs. Fourteen cowpea accessions collected from different parts of Sudan were used for characterization at morphological and molecular levels. The seeds of the accessions were sown in the field using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Sixteen morphological descriptors (9 qualitative and 7 quantitative) and 20 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used for characterization of the accessions. The results of morphological data revealed considerable variability within and between state’s accessions. Some morphological traits revealed similarity between accessions from different states. Among the 20 RAPD markers used, 18 were polymorphic. A total of 379 polymorphic patterns were generated;polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.63 to 0.98 with an average of 0.9. The number of fragment detected ranged from 2 for OPL-11 to 51 for OPY-2 with an average of 26.06/primer and 27.07/genotype. One to five (1 - 5) unique fragments of different sizes were detected for particular accessions, which may provide a valuable resource for breeding superior cowpea cultivars in Sudan and other semi-arid zones. Genetic similarity was ranged from 0.02 to 0.47 with an average of 0.25. Highe

关键词： Cowpea Accessions Genetic Diversity Characterization Morphological Markers RADP Markers Polymorphism

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Variation in Thermal time model Parameters Between Two Contrasting Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第12期6卷 1421-1427页

作者： Atif Hassan Naim Faisal El gasim Ahmed Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences University of Gadarif Gadarif Sudan Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Shambat Sudan

A laboratory experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different constant temperatures on germination and early seedling establishment and to study the variation among parameters of thermal time model parameters for two contrasting chickpea cultivars . Seeds were subjected to six constant temperatures from 10 o C to 35 o C . A complete randomized design was used with four replication. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among treatments for all characters studied. The final germination percentage significantly increased with increasing temperature up to 25 ° C, and thereafter there was a sharp decrease in final germination at 30 ° and 35 ° C. Desi type cultivar (small seeded) “Jabel Marra” significantly exhibited higher final germination percentage and lower germination rate compared with the kabui type cultivar “Shendi” at all temperatures. The median (θ T(50) ) of the thermal time was significantly differ between the two chickpea cultivars. The large seeded cultivars (shendi) recorded significantly higher median thermal time than the small seeded cultivars (Jabel Marra). The results also revealed a significant differences between the two cultivars in all thermal time model parameters. The small seeded cultivar (Jabel Marra) scored lower total dry matter and temperature tolerance index (TTI) compared to the large seeded cultivar (Shendi) at all temperatures studied.

关键词： Cicer arietinum Chickpea Base temperture Germination Thermal time model

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Impact of Bee Pollination on Yield of Faba Bean (Vicia fabaL.) Grown under Semi-Arid Conditions

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第6期9卷 729-740页

作者： Seif M. gasim Awadalla A. abdelmula Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Shambat Sudan

The effect of honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica) on yield was investigated in open-pollinated faba bean cultivars and three inbred generations produced from them (once-selfed, twice-selfed, and thrice-selfed). All entries were grown in cages under two pollination conditions: presence of bees (cross-pollination) or absence of bees (self-pollination). The open-pollinated generations gave the highest performance in the presence and absence of bees. In the presence of bees, the open-pollinated and their inbred entries gave higher performance in all of the studied traits than in the absence of bees;the average improvement in yield and its components was 22%. The highest improvement percentage in yield performance was shown by more inbred entries (thrice-selfed > once-selfed), indicating that in faba bean populations, the performance of inbred generations was chiefly associated with the tripping of flowers, which is usually governed by successfully fertilized flowers, i.e., plants result from selfing in faba bean population needs to be visited by pollinating insects (bees) to set more seeds. It concluded that honeybee has an important role in increasing faba bean yield in semi-arid conditions;hence, it is important to provide a pollinator friendly environment for their foraging places and nesting sites to secure food supply.

关键词： Faba Bean Yield Honey Bees Pollination Self-Fertilization Cross-Fertilization Inbred-Generation

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Venlafaxine Dependence： A Case Report

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2016年第8期4卷 378-380页

作者： Ugur Cikrikcili gasim gasimzada Ilhan Yargic Department of Psychiatry Istanbul Faculty of Medicine University of lstanbul lstanbul 34093 Turkey

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Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women, in Al Fashir Town, North Darfur State, Sudan

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2019年第1期9卷 28-36页

作者： Ragaa Abo El gasim Nada Eltayeb Isam El Khidir Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine University of Al Fashir Al Fashir Sudan Al Neelain Medical Research Centre Faculty of Medicine Al Neelain University Khartoum Sudan Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan

Background: Sudan is a highly endemic country for hepatitis B virus (HBV). Screening for HBV during pregnancy may help to decide on appropriate antiviral therapy and the institution of steps to minimize vertical transmission to the newborns. Of the epidemiological studies carried in different regions of Sudan, few are available regarding pregnant women. In Darfur region such data is absent, so our aim was to evaluate seroprevalence of HBV among antenatal care attendants in Al Fashir town. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted between 2013 and 2015. Blood samples were collected from 900 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Al Fashir town. Plasma was separated and tested for markers of HBV (HBcAb, HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAb) using ELISA. Sociodemographic, obstetrics and medical data were collected using structured questionnaires. Results: AntiHBc was detected in 46% and HBsAg was detected in 18% of study population. HBeAg and HBeAb frequencies were found to be 2.6% and 37.7% among positive HBsAg pregnant women. There was significant association between residence, income, occupation, bloodletting and ear piercing with HBV infection (P Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that HBsAg has a high prevalence among the pregnant women in Al Fashir town, North Darfur State. So, to minimize vertical transmission, antenatal women must be routinely screened for HBV.

关键词： HBV Pregnant Women North Darfur State Al Fashir

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