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Boosting extraction of Pb in contaminated soil via interfacial solar evaporation of multifunctional sponge

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第5期8卷 1459-1468页

作者： Pan Wu Xuan Wu Yida Wang Jingyuan Zhao Haolan Xu gary owens Future Industries Institute UniSA STEMUniversity of South AustraliaMawson Lakes CampusSA 5095Australia

Interfacial solar water evaporation is a reliable way to accelerate water evaporation and contaminant remediation.Embracing the recent advance in photothermal technology,a functional sponge was prepared by coating a sodium alginate(SA)impregnated sponge with a surface layer of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)to act as a photothermal conversion medium and then subsequently evaluated for its ability to enhance Pb extraction from contaminated soil driven by interfacial solar evaporation.The SA loaded sponge had a Pb adsorption capacity of 107.4 mg g^(-1).Coating the top surface of the SA sponge with rGO increased water evaporation performance to 1.81 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)in soil media under one sun illumination and with a wind velocity of 2 m s^(-1).Over 12 continuous days of indoor evaporation testing,the Pb extraction efficiency was increased by 22.0%under 1 sun illumination relative to that observed without illumination.Subsequently,Pb extraction was further improved by 48.9%under outdoor evaporation conditions compared to indoor conditions.Overall,this initial work shows the significant potential of interfacial solar evaporation technologies for Pb contaminated soil remediation,which should also be applicable to a variety of other environmental contaminants.

关键词： Photothermal materials Interfacial solar evaporation Reduced graphene oxide Pb extraction Soil remediation

Evaluation of immobilizing agents as soil quality conditioners in addition to their metal(loid) immobilizing effect

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Pedosphere 2022年第2期32卷 307-316页

作者： Chaw Su LWIN Mina LEE Young-Nam KIM gary owens Kwon-Rae KIM Department of Soil and Water Science Yezin Agricultural UniversityYezinNaypyitaw 15013Myanmar Department of Smart-Agro Industry Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52725Korea Institute of Agriculture and Life Science(IALS) Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea Environmental Contaminants Group Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South AustralianMawson Lakes SA 5095Australia

In trace metal (TM)-contaminated agricultural soils,management of TM availability is important for safe crop production.In addition,maintenance or improvement of soil quality is vital for sustainable crop cultivation.Decreased TM phytoavailability and increased soil quality can be achieved by the application of various immobilizing agents to soil,which can supply both macronutrients and organic matter.This study investigated the long-term influences of four common immobilizing agents on soil biogeochemical properties and the phytoavailability of TMs in mixed metal-contaminated soil from a cultivated upland near an abandoned mining site.Lime (L),gypsum (G),fly ash (F),and animal manure-based compost (C) were applied to pots containing contaminated soil,either individually or in combination.After incubation for three years under sequential cultivation of two crops and fallow,soil biogeochemical properties were determined,and Brassica rapa plant bioassay was performed.The phytoavailability of all TMs (both cationic metals and anionic metalloids) remained significantly lower in soils treated with immobilizing agents even after three years,when compared with the no-agent control (CK) soil.In addition,the soil quality was significantly improved by treatment with immobilizing agents.For instance,the C and L+C treatments were the most effective in improving soil physical (bulk density,porosity,and water-resistant aggregate stability),chemical (pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,cation exchange capacity,and plant-available phosphorus,magnesium,and potassium),and biological (microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity) properties.The improvement of soil properties and lowering of TM bioavailability were also consistent with the most significant increase in B.rapa biomass production observed in the C treatment,followed by the L+C,G+F,L,G,F,and L+G treatments,as compared with that in CK.These results indicate that the function of the TM-immobilizing agent as a soil quality conditioner,in addition to its TM immobilizing

关键词： crop production metal bioavailability metal immobilization metal phytoavailability soil amendments soil biogeochemical properties soil remediation trace metals

Chemodynamics of heavy metals in long-term contaminated soils:Metal speciation in soil solution

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第11期21卷 1532-1540页

作者： Kwon-Rae Kim gary owens Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation University of South Australia Climate Change & Agroecology Division Department of Agricultural Environment National Academy of Agricultural Science

The concentration and speciation of heavy metals in soil solution isolated from long-term contaminated soils were investigated. The soil solution was extracted at 70% maximum water holding capacity （MWHC） after equilibration for 24 h. The free metal concentrations （Cd^2＋, Cu^2＋, Pb^2＋, and Zn^2＋） in soil solution were determined using the Donnan membrane technique （DMT）. Initially the DMT was validated using artificial solutions where the percentage of free metal ions were significantly correlated with the percentages predicted using MINTEQA2. However, there was a significant difference between the absolute free ion concentrations predicted by MINTEQA2 and the values determined by the DMT. This was due to the significant metal adsorption onto the cation exchange membrane used in the DMT with 20%, 28%, 44%, and 8% mass loss of the initial total concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in solution, respectively. This could result in a significant error in the determination of free metal ions when using DMT if no allowance for membrane cation adsorption was made. Relative to the total soluble metal concentrations the amounts of free Cd^2＋（3%-52%） and Zn^2＋（11%-72%） in soil solutions were generally higher than those of Cu^2＋（0.2%-30%） and Pb^2＋（0.6%-10%）. Among the key soil solution properties, dissolved heavy metal concentrations were the most significant factor governing free metal ion concentrations. Soil solution pH showed only a weak relationship with free metal ion partitioning coefficients （Kp） and dissolved organic carbon did not show any significant influence on Kp.

关键词： Donnan membrane technique free metal ion heavy metals partitioning coefficient solubility speciation

Influence of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) on rhizosphere soil solution chemistry in long-term contaminated soils:A rhizobox study

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第1期22卷 98-105页

作者： Kwon-Rae Kim gary owens Soon-lK Kwon Climate Change & Agroecology Division Department of Agricultural EnvironmentNational Academy of Agricultural ScienceRDARepublic of Korea Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation University of South Australia

This study investigated the influence of Indian mustard （Brassicajuncea） root exudation on soil solution properties （pH, dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, metal solubility） in the rhizosphere using a rhizobox. Measurement was conducted following the cultivation of Indian mustard in the rhizobox filled four different types of heavy metal contaminated soils （two alkaline soils and two acidic soils）. The growth of Indian mustard resulted in a significant increase （by 0.6 pH units） in rhizosphere soil solution pH of acidic soils and only a slight increase （〈 0.1 pH units） in alkaline soils. Furthermore, the DOC concentration increased by 17-156 mg/L in the rhizosphere regardless of soil type and the extent of contamination, demonstrating the exudation of DOC from root. Ion chromatographic determination showed a marked increase in the total dissolved organic acids （OAs） in rhizosphere. While root exudates were observed in all soils, the amount of DOC and OAs in soil solution varied considerably amongst different soils, resulting in significant changes to soil solution metals in the rhizosphere. For example, the soil solution Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations increased in the rhizosphere of alkaline soils compared to bulk soil following plant cultivation. In contrast, the soluble concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in acidic soils decreased in rhizosphere soil when compared to bulk soils. Besides the influence of pH and DOC on metal solubility, the increase of heavy metal concentration having high stability constant such as Cu and Pb resulted in a release of Cd and Zn from solid phase to liquid phase.

关键词： dissolved organic carbon heavy metals root exudates solubility rhizosphere chemistry

A photothermal reservoir for highly efficient solar steam generation without bulk water

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Science Bulletin 2019年第21期64卷 1625-1633页

作者： Xuan Wu Ting Gao Chenhui Han Jingsan Xu gary owens Haolan Xu Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson Lakes CampusSA 5095Australia School of Chemistry Physics and Mechanical EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4001Australia

A solid photothermal reservoir is designed to implement solar-steam generation in the absence of bulk water.The photothermal reservoir is composed of a water absorbing core encapsulated by a photothermal reduced graphene oxide based aerogel sheet which absorbs light and converts it into heat thus evaporating the stored water.The photothermal reservoir is able to store 6.5 times its own weight in water,which is sufficient for one day solar evaporation,thus no external water supplement is required.During solar-steam generation,since no bulk water is involved,the photothermal reservoir minimizes heat conduction loss,and maximizes both of the exposed evaporation surface area and net energy gain from the environment,leading to an energy efficiency beyond the theoretical limit.An extremely high water evaporation rate of 4.0 kg m-2 h-1(normalized to projection area)is achieved in laboratory studies over a cylinder photothermal reservoir with a diameter of 5.2 cm and a height of 15 cm under 1.0 sun irradiation.Practical evaluation of the photothermal reservoir outdoors as part of a desalination device demonstrates a similar evaporation rate where the salinity of the clean water produced is lower than 24 ppb.Thus the photothermal reservoir shows great potential for real world applications in portable solarthermal desalination.

关键词： Solar-steam generation Photothermal Aerogel Solar-thermal energy

以少胜多:通过选择性去除一部分蒸发表面来增强太阳能光热蒸发

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Science Bulletin 2022年第15期67卷 1572-1580,M0004页

作者：高婷王艺达武萱吴攀杨小飞李勤张柘子张东柯 gary owens 徐浩兰 Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson Lakes CampusAdelaide SA 5095Australia College of Science Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210027China Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre Griffith University Nathan CampusBrisbane QLD 4111Australia Centre for Energy(M473) The University of Western AustraliaCrawley WA 6009Australia

利用最少的光热材料来实现蒸发产出的最大化对于太阳能界面光热蒸发技术的实际应用来说至关重要.本文作者发现二维光热蒸发器的蒸发速率随着其面积的增加而减小.实验和理论模拟结果显示当光热蒸发器面积变大时,其中间部分其实是“蒸发... 详细信息

利用最少的光热材料来实现蒸发产出的最大化对于太阳能界面光热蒸发技术的实际应用来说至关重要.本文作者发现二维光热蒸发器的蒸发速率随着其面积的增加而减小.实验和理论模拟结果显示当光热蒸发器面积变大时,其中间部分其实是“蒸发死角区域”,对整个表面的蒸发贡献很小.基于此,作者选择性的将蒸发面的中间部分除去,结果与常理相反,剩余蒸发表面的蒸发速率和蒸汽产出不仅没有下降,反而都上升了.研究发现这是由于去除中间部分后,整个蒸发表面上方的对流重塑和加强了,更有利于蒸汽的逃逸使得蒸发加快.至此,本研究成功发展了一种能够在使用更少材料的情况下实现更高蒸发速率和蒸汽产出的重要策略.

关键词：蒸发速率蒸发技术太阳能光热理论模拟以少胜多

A cobalt oxide@polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide-based 3D photothermal evaporator for highly efficient solar steam generation

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Tungsten 2020年第4期2卷 423-432页

作者： Ting Gao Xuan Wu gary owens Hao‑Lan Xu Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5095Australia

Improving the evaporation rate and energy efficiency of solar steam generation is very important to facilitate real-world applications for clean water production.In this work,Co_(3)O_(4)@polydopamine(PDA)nanoparticles were synthesized and combined with reduced graphene oxide(rGO)to fabricate a new Co_(3)O_(4)@PDA-rGO photothermal aerogel.The obtained pho-tothermal aerogel sheet was thereafter used to prepare both two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)photothermal evaporators for solar steam generation.Due to the excellent light absorption and hydrophilicity of the photothermal aerogel,a high evaporation rate of 1.60 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1) was achieved for the 2D photothermal evaporator.While for the 3D evaporator,the evaporation rate was dramatically increased to 3.71 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1) with a corresponding light-to-vapor energy efficiency of 107%.This was attributed to an increased evaporation surface area,decreased energy loss from the top evaporation surface to the environment,and energy gain from the environment on the side evaporation surface.The 3D evaporator also showed excellent practical performance in seawater desalination thus demonstrating great potential for real-world applications.

关键词： Solar-steam generation Cobalt oxide Polydopamine Reduced graphene oxide Photothermal materials Seawater desalination

利用高导热蒸发器支撑材料增强太阳能光热蒸发

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Science Bulletin 2021年第24期66卷 2479-2488,M0004页

作者：王艺达武萱吴攀赵靖元杨小飞 gary owens 徐浩兰 Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson Lakes CampusAdelaideSA 5095Australia College of Science Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

界面光热蒸发是一种高效的水蒸发技术,在太阳能海水淡化和水处理方面具有广阔的应用前景.光热蒸发器设计的一个重要部分是放置于光热蒸发表面和水体之间的隔热基底/支撑材料.这种典型的设计在二维(2D)蒸发体统中最大限度地减少了从蒸发... 详细信息

界面光热蒸发是一种高效的水蒸发技术,在太阳能海水淡化和水处理方面具有广阔的应用前景.光热蒸发器设计的一个重要部分是放置于光热蒸发表面和水体之间的隔热基底/支撑材料.这种典型的设计在二维(2D)蒸发体统中最大限度地减少了从蒸发表面到水体的热传递能量损失,从而将热量集中于蒸发表面以实现高效的光热蒸发.这种设计概念随后被直接应用于三维(3D)蒸发体系中.然而,与2D蒸发器只从太阳光获取能量不同的是,3D蒸发器还可以从空气和水中获取额外能量用于促进蒸发.在这种情况下,传统的隔热基底材料的使用是不合适的,因为它会阻碍蒸发器从水体中抽取能量.因此,本文重新对3D蒸发器进行了设计,使用了高导热材料来代替隔热材料来连接蒸发表面和水体.室内和户外测试均证实,通过使用高导热基底材料可以极大地提高蒸发性能.这一发现为设计3D光热蒸发器提供了新的思路.

关键词：支撑材料基底材料隔热材料水蒸发高导热蒸发器热传递太阳能光热

Distinguishable Transport Behavior of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Silica Sand and Soil Columns

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Distinguishable Transport Behavior of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticl...