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magnetically controlled growing instrumentation for early onset scoliosis: Caution needed when interpreting the literature

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2019年第11期10卷 394-403页

作者： Kenneth Aaron shaw Justin m Hire Scott Kim Dennis P Devito michael L Schmitz Joshua S murphy Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Dwight D.Eisenhower Army Medical CenterFort GordonGA 30905United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery General Leonard Wood Army Community HospitalFort Leonard WoodMO 65473United States University of Tennessee Health Science Center MemphisTN 38163United States Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaScottish Rite CampusAtlantaGA 30342United States

BACKGROUND magnetically controlled growing rods(mCGR) are a novel treatment option for early onset scoliosis(EOS). Although the complication profile with mCGR use has been reviewed, these reviews do not take into account important implants modifications, termed iterations, that were made due to early on postoperative complications is not well reported or *** To assess the effect of mCGR implant iterations on post-operative complications in *** A systematic review was performed to identify studies investigating mCGR specifically for the treatment of EOS, refined to those reporting the implant iteration, specifically the incorporation of the keeper plate to the implant *** with mixed implant iteration usage were excluded. Complications following surgery were recorded as well as potential risk factors and compared between implant *** Although 20 articles were identified for inclusion, 5 included mixed implant iteration leaving a total of 271 patients identified through 15 clinical studies thatmet inclusion criteria. The average follow-up was 25.4-mo. Pre-keeper plate implants were utilized in 3 studies with a total of 49 patients. Overall, 115(42.4%)post-operative complications were identified, with 87% defined as major. The addition of the keeper plate significantly decreased the rate of post-operative complications per study(35.7% vs 80.6%, P = 0.036), and the rate of distraction failure(8.1% vs 40.8%, P = 0.02). Unplanned reoperation occurred in 69(26.7%)patients but was not different between implant iteration cohorts(25.5% without keeper plate vs 27.1% with keeper plate, P = 0.92).CONCLUSION mCGR for EOS has a cumulative complication rate of 42.4% but this is significantly reduced to 35.7% when reviewing only keeper-plate enabled implants. However, 25% of published articles included mixed implant *** studies should discern between implants iterations when reporting on the usage of mCGR for EOS.

关键词： Complications Early onset scoliosis magnetically controlled growing instrumentations Keeper plate Reoperation Systematic review

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mechanisms of autophagy activation in endothelial cell and their targeting during normothermic machine liver perfusion

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第48期23卷 8443-8451页

作者： Yuri L Boteon Richard Laing Hynek mergental gary m Reynolds Darius F mirza Simon C Afford Ricky H Bhogal The Liver Unit University Hospitals of BirminghamMindelsohn Way The Centre for Liver Research Institute for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of Birmingham

Ischaemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) is the leading cause of injury seen in the liver following transplantation. IRI also causes injury following liver surgery and haemodynamic shock. The first cells within the liver to be injured by IRI are the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells(LSEC). Recent evidence suggests that LSEC coordinate and regulates the livers response to a variety of injuries. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the cyto-protective cellular process of autophagy is a key regulator of IRI. In particular LSEC autophagy may be an essential gatekeeper to the development of IRI. The recent availability of liver perfusion devices has allowed for the therapeutic targeting of autophagy to reduce IRI. In particular normothermic machine liver perfusion(NmP-L) allow the delivery of pharmacological agents to donor livers whilst maintaining physiological temperature and hepatic flow rates. In this review we summarise the current understanding of endothelial autophagy and how this may be manipulated during NmP-L to reduce liver IRI.

关键词： Autophagy Liver transplant Ischaemiareperfusion injury Normothermic machine liver perfusion

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Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Thelonectria discophora(Ascomycota,Hypocreales,Nectriaceae)species complex

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第1期70卷 1-29页

作者： Catalina Salgado-Salazar Amy Y.Rossman gary J.Samuels Yuuri Hirooka Romina m.Sanchez Priscila Chaverri Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland2112 Plant Sciences BuildingCollege ParkMD 20742USA Systematic mycology and microbiology Laboratory USDA-ARSBeltsvilleMD 20705USA Biodiversity(mycology) Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research CentreAgriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawaOntario K1A 0C6Canada Centro de Recursos Renovables de la Zona Semiarida-Cerzos Conicet Universidad Nacional del SurCamino La Carrindanga Km7B8000FWB Bahía BlancaProvincia de Buenos AiresArgentina Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa RicaApartado11501-2060 San PedroSan JoséCosta Rica

Specimens regarded as Thelonectria discophora(Thelonectria,Nectriaceae,Hypocreales)constitute a conspicuous group of saprobic fungi on decaying plant material,characterized by red perithecia each with a broad mammiform(nipple-like)*** asexual state is characterized by a cylindrocarpon-like morphology,with 3–5 septate macroconidia,unicellular microconidia and chlamydospores that are rarely produced in *** the past,*** was regarded as one species with a wide geographic ***,a recent study rejected the monophyly and cosmopolitan distribution of this species,and showed the existence of at least 16 cryptic species distributed in three main *** combining the results of phylogenetic analyses of six nuclear loci and morphological studies,we revised the taxonomy of the *** species complex,resulting in the description of 12 new species and four new combinations based on historic *** though molecular phylogenetic analyses strongly support the segregation of these species,and are in agreement with previous studies,individual diagnostic morphological characters for each species could not be ***,discrete morphological traits corresponding to each of the three main groups of species were *** could be differentiated based on the average values of morphological traits as well as the presence/absence of characteristic asexual propagules and colony growth at ***,illustrations are provided for the recognized species.

关键词： New species Rubus canker Species concept Taxonomy

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Relatively rapid evolution rates of SARS-CoV-2 spike gene at the primary stage of massive vaccination

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Biosafety and Health 2022年第4期4卷 228-233页

作者： Jing Yang min Han Liang Wang Likui Wang Tianrui Xu Linhuan Wu Juncai ma gary Wong Wenjun Liu George F.Gao Yuhai Bi CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyCenter for Influenza Research and Early-warning(CASCIRE)CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases(CEEID)Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology McGill UniversityMontreal H3A0G4Canada microbial Resource and Big Data Center Chinese National Microbiology Data Center(NMDC)Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institut Pasteur of Shanghai Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China

A series of stringent non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions were implemented to contain the pandemic but the pandemic ***,vaccination breakthrough infection and reinfection in convalescent coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases have been ***,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variants emerged with mutations in spike(S)gene,the target of most current ***,the mutations exhibit a trend of immune escape from the *** the scientific question that if the vaccination drives genetic or antigenic drifts of SARS-CoV-2 remains *** performed correlation analyses to uncover the impacts of wide vaccination on epidemiological characteristics of *** addition,we investigated the evolutionary dynamics and genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 under immune pressure by utilizing the Bayesian phylodynamic inferences and the lineage entropy calculation *** found that vaccination coverage was negatively related to the infections,severe cases,and deaths of COVID-19 *** the increasing vaccination coverage,the lineage diversity of SARS-CoV-2 dampened,but the rapid mutation rates of the S gene were identified,and the vaccination could be one of the explanations for driving mutations in S ***,new epidemics resurged in several countries with high vaccination coverage,questioning their current pandemic control ***,integrated vaccination and non-pharmacological interventions are critical to control the ***,novel vaccine preparation should enhance its capabilities to curb both disease severity and infection possibility.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Genetic evolution Genetic drift Antigenic drift Lineage divergence Epidemiological characteristics

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A cobalt oxide@polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide-based 3D photothermal evaporator for highly efficient solar steam generation

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Tungsten 2020年第4期2卷 423-432页

作者： Ting Gao Xuan Wu gary Owens Hao‑Lan Xu Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5095Australia

Improving the evaporation rate and energy efficiency of solar steam generation is very important to facilitate real-world applications for clean water *** this work,Co_(3)O_(4)@polydopamine(PDA)nanoparticles were synthesized and combined with reduced graphene oxide(rGO)to fabricate a new Co_(3)O_(4)@PDA-rGO photothermal *** obtained pho-tothermal aerogel sheet was thereafter used to prepare both two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)photothermal evaporators for solar steam *** to the excellent light absorption and hydrophilicity of the photothermal aerogel,a high evaporation rate of 1.60 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1) was achieved for the 2D photothermal *** for the 3D evaporator,the evaporation rate was dramatically increased to 3.71 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1) with a corresponding light-to-vapor energy efficiency of 107%.This was attributed to an increased evaporation surface area,decreased energy loss from the top evaporation surface to the environment,and energy gain from the environment on the side evaporation *** 3D evaporator also showed excellent practical performance in seawater desalination thus demonstrating great potential for real-world applications.

关键词： Solar-steam generation Cobalt oxide Polydopamine Reduced graphene oxide Photothermal materials Seawater desalination

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以少胜多:通过选择性去除一部分蒸发表面来增强太阳能光热蒸发

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Science Bulletin 2022年第15期67卷 1572-1580,M0004页

作者：高婷王艺达武萱吴攀杨小飞李勤张柘子张东柯 gary Owens 徐浩兰 Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson Lakes CampusAdelaide SA 5095Australia College of Science Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210027China Queensland micro-and Nanotechnology Centre Griffith University Nathan CampusBrisbane QLD 4111Australia Centre for Energy(m473) The University of Western AustraliaCrawley WA 6009Australia

利用最少的光热材料来实现蒸发产出的最大化对于太阳能界面光热蒸发技术的实际应用来说至关重要.本文作者发现二维光热蒸发器的蒸发速率随着其面积的增加而减小.实验和理论模拟结果显示当光热蒸发器面积变大时,其中间部分其实是“蒸发... 详细信息

利用最少的光热材料来实现蒸发产出的最大化对于太阳能界面光热蒸发技术的实际应用来说至关重要.本文作者发现二维光热蒸发器的蒸发速率随着其面积的增加而减小.实验和理论模拟结果显示当光热蒸发器面积变大时,其中间部分其实是“蒸发死角区域”,对整个表面的蒸发贡献很小.基于此,作者选择性的将蒸发面的中间部分除去,结果与常理相反,剩余蒸发表面的蒸发速率和蒸汽产出不仅没有下降,反而都上升了.研究发现这是由于去除中间部分后,整个蒸发表面上方的对流重塑和加强了,更有利于蒸汽的逃逸使得蒸发加快.至此,本研究成功发展了一种能够在使用更少材料的情况下实现更高蒸发速率和蒸汽产出的重要策略.

关键词：蒸发速率蒸发技术太阳能光热理论模拟以少胜多

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Planar split dual gate mOSFET

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Science in China(Series F) 2008年第4期51卷 440-448页

作者： XIAO DeYuan CHEN gary LEE Roger LIU Yung SHEN ChiCheong memory Technology Development Center Semiconductor Manufacturing International (Shanghai) Corp.Shanghai 201203 China

A new planar split dual gate （PSDG） mOSFET device, its characteristics and experimental results, as well as the three dimensional device simulations, are reported here for the first time. Both theoretical calculation and 3D simulation, as well as the experiment data, show that the two independent split dual gates can provide dynamical control of the device characteristics, such as threshold voltage （Vt） and sub-threshold swing （SS）, as well as the device saturated current. The PSDG mOSFET transistor leakage current （loft） can be reduced as much as 78% of the traditional single gate mOSFET. The PSDG is fabricated and fully compatible with our conventional 0.18 μm logic process flow.

关键词： novel device mOSFET planar split dual gate tunable sub-threshold swing

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在改进的等离子体源质谱仪中加入电光离子检测器(英文)

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光谱学与光谱分析 2002年第5期22卷 828-837页

作者： David A.Solyom James H.Barnes Ole A.Grn gary m.Hieftje 美国印第安纳大学化学系

从整个质谱学的历史来看 ,阵列检测器一直用来进行同时和连续的质谱测量研究。利用阵列检测器获取多道数据的好处已为人们所熟知 ,这包括较大的占空因素、借助比值和内标技术改善的精度以及对快信号瞬变过程较好的定量分析。由于有这些... 详细信息

从整个质谱学的历史来看 ,阵列检测器一直用来进行同时和连续的质谱测量研究。利用阵列检测器获取多道数据的好处已为人们所熟知 ,这包括较大的占空因素、借助比值和内标技术改善的精度以及对快信号瞬变过程较好的定量分析。由于有这些好处 ,多种基于阵列检测器的测量仪器得到开发 ,包括光学的和质谱仪。本文描述配备多道电光离子检测器的等离子体源mattauch Herzog质谱仪改善了的性能。所有的实验均采用一个辉光放电源。过去报道的这台质谱仪的基于阵列检测器的数据在质量方面受到严重的局限 ,谱峰形状和分辨率都极差。本文将介绍与阵列检测器有关的几个性能指数 ,这包括灵敏度、分辨率、谱峰形状以及同位素灵敏度。所有这些性能指数都得到明显的改善。

关键词：等离子体源质谱仪电光离子检测器 mattauch-Herzog质谱仪阵列检测器

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Recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus vector vaccine expressing the spike protein provides effective and lasting protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第4期37卷 581-590页

作者： mingqing Lu Kunpeng Liu Yun Peng Zhe Ding Yingwen Li Alexander Tendu Xue Hu Ge Gao Weiwei Guo Hang Liu Juhong Rao Jiaxuan Zhao miaoyu Chen Zhiming Yuan gary Wong Chao Shan Yanfeng Yao Jiaming Lan CAS Key Laboratory of molecular Virology&Immunology Institut Pasteur of ShanghaiChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China State Key Laboratory of Virology Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Center for Biosafety mega-Science Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China

SARS-CoV-2 infection is a global public health *** are considered amongst the most important tools to control the SARS-CoV-2 *** expected,deaths from SARS-CoV-2 infection have dropped dramatically with widespread ***,there are concerns over the duration of vaccine-induced protection,as well as their effectiveness against emerging variants of ***,we constructed a recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus vectored vaccine expressing the full-length spike of SARS-CoV-2(Ad C68-S).Rapid and high levels of humoral and cellular immune responses were observed after immunization of C57BL/6J mice with one or two doses of Ad ***,neutralizing antibodies were observed up to at least six months after vaccination,without substantial *** or double doses Ad C68-S immunization resulted in lower viral loads in lungs of mice against SARS-CoV-2 challenge both in the short term(21 days)and long-term(6 months).Histopathological examination of Ad C68-S immunized mice lungs showed mild histological abnormalities after SARS-CoV-2 *** together,this study demonstrates the efficacy and durability of the Ad C68-S vaccine and constitutes a promising candidate for clinical evaluation.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Chimpanzee adenovirus vector Neutralizing antibodies Long-term protection

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New Gasoline Passenger Car Engine Oil Performance Category

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润滑油 2009年第6期24卷 1-10页

作者： Hiroshi Watanabe gary m Parsons Trevor miller Chevron Japan Ltd. Omaezaki City Shizuoka Pref. Chevron Oronite Co.LLC

This paper primarily focuses on the development of the International Lubricant Standardization & Approval Committee (ILSAC) GF-5 passenger car engine oil category in North America and Japan including key technical performance requirements. New ILSAC GF-5 is scheduled to be introduced during the 3rd quarter of 2010 and will supersede ILSAC GF-4 and previous categories. It will also be backward compatible and will provide improved performance relative to GF-4 in many respects. At the same time, when GF-5 is introduced, it is anticipated that API SN will also be introduced as a new performance category to supersede the current category, API Sm.

关键词：润滑油车用机油石油行业石油产品

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