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Biochar derived from papermill factories improves soil physical and hydraulic properties in no-till cotton fields

Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 603-620页

作者： Yuanyuan Li gary Feng Haile Tewolde School of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China USDA-ARS Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research UnitMississippi StateMS 39762USA State Key Lab.of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming On the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F Univ.Yangling 712100ShaanxiChina

Whether biochar produced as a by-product of energy generation from the papermill industry,and often disposed in landfills,can be gainfully applied to commercial croplands has not been *** objective of this study was to investigate the physical and hydraulic properties of soils in commercial cotton fields managed as no-till systems following repeated applications of biochar generated as a waste of a papermill *** cores and disturbed soil samples were collected from 0-5 and 5-10 cm layers from five commercial no-till fields in mississippi,USA that received 6.7 mg ha^(−1) year^(−1) biochar for 0,2,3,5 or 10 years.A number of physical,hydraulic,and chemical properties of these samples were measured in the *** results showed that biochar reduced the degree of soil compactness and increased soil aggregation and structural stability *** findings were particularly apparent for the 10 years of consecutive application,which increased soil aggregate stability by up to 67%,reduced bulk density from 1.40 to 1.26 g cm^(−3),and reduced degree of compactness from 73.2%to 62.8%.Biochar increased soil porosity but much of this increase(55%)occurred for small pores(m)with little effect on storage pores(0.5-50μm)or transmission pores(>50μm).Consequently,biochar increased soil field capacity by up to 26%,but PAW increased by only 17%.Biochar significantly increased soil physical quality index score in the 0-5 cm layer from 0.16 to 0.26 and the increase was positively correlated with the number of years of *** results suggest biochar generated as a byproduct of papermill could be land-applied in real-world crop production systems to improve soil health as an alternative to disposal in landfills.

关键词： Biochar Papermill Disposal Commercial no-till cotton field Plant available water Soil physical quality index(SPQI)

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magnetic polarity ages of the fossil-bearing strata at the Sihetun section,West Liaoning:A preliminary result

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第17期46卷 1473-1476页

作者： PAN Yongxin ZHU Rixiang John shaw ZHOU Yaoxiu Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Geomagnetism Laboratory University of LiverpoolLiverpool L69 7ZEUK The Aviatic Remote Sensing Center Ministry of Land and ResourcesBeijing 100083China

Rock-magnetic and palaeomagnetic studies have been carried out on the interval of famous fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks and its overlying basalts and underlying basalts at the Sihetun section, West Liaoning Province. Normal polarity was obtained for the sedimentary interval and the underlying basalts, while reversed polarity was found in the overlying basalts. Taking account of the new 40Ar/39Ar ages (Swisher et al., 1999), we classified the fossil-bearing sedimentary interval into the Barremian m3n zone (Early Cretaceous age). Several abnormal horizons on magnetic properties, probably corresponding to the tuffs, were observed in the fossil-bearing sedimentary interval. This implies that the massive bio-extinction may link to dramatic environmental changes that were caused by volcanic eruptions.

关键词： magnetic polarity age Jehol fauna Sihetun section.

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Geomorphology and Environmental management of the Yellow River Source Zone

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Journal of mountain Science 2013年第4期10卷 628-631页

作者： BRIERLEY gary LI Xi-lai School of Environment University of Auckland Private Bag 92019Auckland New Zealand College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Qinghai University

Geologic,climatic and anthropogenic factors have fashioned the distinctive landscapes and ecosystems of the Yellow River source zone(Brierley and Huang2013;Figure1).Located at thenorth-east corner of the Qinghai-Tibet... 详细信息

关键词：黄河源区环境管理土地利用方式半干旱气候地貌生态系统生物多样性人为因素

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Evaluation of three-dimensional biofilms on antibacterial bonding agents containing novel quaternary ammonium methacrylates

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International Journal of Oral Science 2014年第2期6卷 77-86页

作者： Han Zhou michael D Weir Joseph m Antonucci gary E Schumacher Xue-Dong Zhou Hockin H K Xu Department of Endodontics Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore USA State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Biomaterials Group Biosystems and Biomaterials Division National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburg USA Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center American Dental Association Foundation Gaithersburg USA Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore USA Department of mechanical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County USA

Antibacterial adhesives are promising to inhibit biofilms and secondary caries. The objectives of this study were to synthesize and incorporate quaternary ammonium methacrylates into adhesives, and investigate the alkyl chain length effects on three-dimensional biofilms adherent on adhesives for the first time. Six quaternary ammonium methacrylates with chain lengths of 3, 6, 9, 12, 16 and 18 were synthesized and incorporated into Scotchbond multi-Purpose. Streptococcus mutans bacteria were cultured on resin to form biofilms. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to measure biofilm thickness, live/dead volumes and live-bacteria percentage vs. distance from resin surface. Biofilm thickness was the greatest for Scotchbond control; it decreased with increasing chain length, reaching a minimum at chain length 16. Live-biofilm volume had a similar trend. Dead-biofilm volume increased with increasing chain length. The adhesive with chain length 9 had 37% live bacteria near resin surface, but close to 100% live bacteria in the biofilm top section. For chain length 16, there were nearly 0% live bacteria throughout the three-dimensional biofilm. In conclusion, strong antibacterial activity was achieved by adding quaternary ammonium into adhesive, with biofilm thickness and live-biofilm volume decreasing as chain length was increased from 3 to 16. Antibacterial adhesives typically only inhibited bacteria close to its surface; however, adhesive with chain length 16 had mostly dead bacteria in the entire three-dimensional biofilm. Antibacterial adhesive with chain length 16 is promising to inhibit biofilms at the margins and combat secondary caries.

关键词： alkyl chain length antibacterial bondingagent dental caries quaternaryammonium methacrylate Streptococcusmutans three-dimensional biofilm

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Electrocardiographic measures of repolarization dispersion and their relationships with echocardiographic indices of ventricular remodeling and premature ventricular beats in hypertension

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第12期14卷 717-724页

作者： Ana Ciobanu gary Tse Tong Liu maria V Deaconu Gabriela S Gheorghe Adriana m Iliesiu Ioan T Nanea Department of Internal medicine and Cardiology Theodor Burghele Clinical Hospital Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania Department of medicine and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sci- ences Faculty of Medicine Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease Department of Cardiology Tianjin Institute of Cardiology Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China

Objective To examine the relationship between Tpeak- Tend interval （Tpe） and Tpe/QT ratio with occurrence of ventricular premature beats （VPBs） and left ventricular remodeling in hypertension. methods A total of 52 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were included, undergoing echocardiography and 24-hours Holter monitoring. Ventricular remodeling was assessed by left ventricular mass index （LVmI） using the Devereux formula and diastolic fimction by transmitral E and A wave velocities and E/A ratio. Tpe was measured in the precordial leads. The end of the T wave was set by the method of the tangent to the steepest descending slope of the T wave. Results Tpe and Tpe/QT in leads V2 （r = 0.33, P = 0.01; r = 0.27, P = 0.04 respectively） and V3 （r = 0.40, P = 0.002; r = 0.40, P = 0.003, respectively） correlated significantly with LVmI. A significant inverse relationship was observed between E/A ratio and QT （r = -0.33, P = 0.01）, Tpe in V3 （r = -0.39, P = 0.003） and Tpe/QT in V3 （r = -0.31, P = 0.02）. Tpe in V3, V5, mean Tpe and maximum Tpe with cut-offvalues of 60 ms, 59 ms, 62 ms and 71 ms, respectively, associated with the occurrence of ventricular premature beats. Conclusions The repolarization parameters Tpe interval and Tpe/QT ratio correlate with LVmI and indices of left ventricular diastolic function and show better predictive values than traditional parameters such as QT interval and QT dispersion. Lead V3 is the best lead for measuring Tpe and Tpe/QT. These ECG indices can therefore be used in clinical practice to monitor LV remodeling and predict occurrence of VPBs.

关键词： Hypertension Repolarization Tpeak-Tend Ventricular remodeling

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Trends of Regional Precipitation and Their Control mechanisms during 1979–2013

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第2期33卷 164-174页

作者： Run LIU shaw Chen LIU Chein-Jung SHIU Jun LI Yuanhang ZHANG State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia Sinica Department of Atmospheric Science NCU

Trends in precipitation are critical to water resources. Considerable uncertainty remains concerning the trends of regional precipitation in response to global warming and their controlling mechanisms. Here, we use an interannual difference method to derive trends of regional precipitation from GPCP （Global Precipitation Climatology Project） data and mERRA （modern- Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications） reanalysis in the near-global domain of 60~ S-60~N during a major global warming period of 1979-2013. We find that trends of regional annual precipitation are primarily driven by changes in the top 30% heavy precipitation events, which in turn are controlled by changes in precipitable water in response to global warming, i.e., by thermodynamic processes. Significant drying trends are found in most parts of the U.S. and eastern Canada, the middle East, and eastern South America, while significant increases in precipitation occur in northern Australia, southern Africa, western India and western China. In addition, as the climate warms there are extensive enhancements and expansions of the three major tropical precipitation centers-the maritime Continent, Central America, and tropical Africa-leading to the observed widening of Hadley cells and a significant strengthening of the global hydrological cycle.

关键词： regional precipitation global warming water resources

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Critical flow-storm approach to total maximum daily load (TmDL) development:an analytical conceptual model

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2008年第3期2卷 267-273页

作者： Harry X.ZHANG shaw L.YU CH2m HILL 15010 Conference Center DriveChantillyVA 20151–3801USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Thornton HallUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904–4742USA

One of the key challenges in the total maximum daily load(TmDL)development process is how to define the critical condition for a receiving *** main concern in using a continuous simulation approach is the absence of any guarantee that the most critical condition will be captured during the selected representative hydrologic period,given the scarcity of long-term continuous *** objectives of this paper are to clearly address the critical condition in the TmDL development process and to compare continuous and event-based approaches in defining critical condition during TmDL development for a waterbody impacted by both point and nonpoint source pollution.A practical,event-based critical flow-storm(CFS)approach was developed to explicitly addresses the critical condition as a combination of a low stream flow and a storm event of a selected magnitude,both having certain frequencies of *** paper illustrated the CFS concept and provided its theoretical basis using a derived analytical conceptual *** CFS approach clearly defined a critical condition,obtained reasonable results and could be considered as an alternative method in TmDL development.

关键词： critical condition critical flow-storm(CFS)approach total maximum daily load(TmDL) conceptual model derived analytical model nonpoint source pollution

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Crocodile blood supplementation protect svascular function in diabetic mice

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 283-295页

作者： Chui Yiu Bamboo Chook Francis m.Chen gary Tse Fung Ping Leung Wing Tak Wong School of Life Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNTHong Kong SAR State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality in diabetic patients due to the heightened oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory state in vascular *** approaches targeting cardiovascular health for diabetic patients are urgently *** blood,an emerging dietary supplement,was suggested to have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro,which have yet to be proven in animal *** study thereby aimed to evaluate whether crocodile blood can protect vascular function in diabetic mice against oxidation and *** db/db mice and their counterparts db/m+mice were treated daily with crocodile blood soluble fraction(CBSF)or vehicle via oral gavage for 4 weeks before their aortae were harvested for endothelium-dependent relaxation(EDR)quantification using wire myograph,which is a well-established functional study for vascular function *** culture experiments culturing mouse aortae from C57BL/6 J mice with or without IL-1βand CBSF were done to evaluate the direct effect of CBSF on endothelial *** oxygen species(ROS)levels in mouse aortae were assessed by dihydroethidium(DHE)staining with inflammatory markers in endothelial cells quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).CBSF significantly improved deteriorated EDR in db/db diabetic mice through both diet supplementation and direct culture,with suppression of ROS level in mouse *** also maintained EDR and reduced ROS levels in mouse aortae against the presence of pro-inflammatory IL-1β.Under the pro-inflammatory state induced by IL-1β,gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines were downregulated,while the protective transcripts UCP2 and SIRT6 were upregulated in endothelial *** study suggests a novel beneficial effect of crocodile blood on vascular function in diabetic mice and that supplementation of diet with crocodile blood may act as a complementary approach to protect against vascular diseases through anti

关键词： Crocodile blood Diabetes mellitus Vascular endothelial function Anti-oxidative Anti-inflammatory

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Does Acute Improvement in muscle Recovery with Curcumin Supplementation Translate to Long-Term Training?

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2019年第3期1卷 203-207页

作者： Brian K.mcFarlin Elizabeth A.Tanner melody A.gary Asheal A.Davis Erin m.Bowman Richard S.gary Applied Physiology Laboratory University of North TexasPhysical Education BuildingRoom 2091921 Chestnut StreetDentonTX 76201USA Department of Biological Sciences University of North TexasDentonTXUSA

Dietary polyphenols,such as curcumin,green tea catechins,and pomegranate extract,may have the ability to enhance the effectiveness of long-term training programs by managing training-induced *** recovery may translate to increased capacity to train and perform more *** dietary polyphenol curcumin has been reported to block the action of COX-2 and NF-kB signaling and would allow for increased capacity to train leading to heightened adaptations and the potential for ergogenic *** actions are very similar to the targeted actions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),but without the side-effects of *** review will compare and contrast the known effects of cur-cumin and identify common design elements between existing *** this critical review of the existing literature it is our goal to establish a set of best practices that could be applied to an athletic population that is interested in using oral curcumin supplementation as a recovery agent.

关键词： Exercise-induced muscle injury Inflammatory cytokines Inflammation Soreness Distance running Exercise training

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Utilization of mechanical compression as a disinfestation technique for Hessian fly(mayetiola destructor(say))in timothy hay:Field test

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2011年第4期4卷 12-20页

作者： Lope G.Tabil S.Talebi m.D.shaw W.J.Crerar Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan57 Campus DriveSaskatoonSKS7N 5A9Canada

Baled timothy hay underwent testing at a hay processing plant in Canada to determine if mechanical compression(rebaling)could be used as a disinfestation protocol for Hessian fly(mayetiola destructor(Say))*** sensitive films were randomly placed throughout the hay material,on the chamber walls,and in different orientations,to assess the hay compaction unit’s ability to induce the required pressure to crash a Hessian fly puparium in the *** to the pressure films were organdy cages containing wheat seedlings infested with Hessian fly *** variables which were tested included the hold time(0.5 and 2.0 s),applied pressure(10.34 and 12.41 mPa),and timothy hay quality(low-moisture first cut,high-moisture first cut and high-moisture second cut hay).A total of 36 tests were *** each test,10 Hessian fly cages and 10 pressure sensitive films were *** test cage contained approximately 168.56 Hessian fly puparia,translating into a total Hessian fly count of 60681 for the entire field *** of the pressure sensitive films showed that 100%of the hay experienced at least 200 kPa(29 psi)of *** the 75-day post experiment emergence period,0.0066%of the puparia survived,which may be due to the fact that the emerged puparia might have not been crushed and not subjected to a pressure of at least 20.6 *** applied pressures affected Hessian fly emergence by considerably reducing the number of puparia that ***,Hessian fly emerged from one of the cages in two *** of the Hessian fly puparia were destroyed irrespective of the applied pressure,hold time or hay quality.

关键词： mechanical compression Hessian fly disinfestation hay bale rebaling emergence

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