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Teaching reproductive endocrinology in Iran: Pilot assessment of hospital-based clinical modules for medical students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences

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Health 2013年第2期5卷 175-178页

作者： Batool H. Rashidi Maryam Nemati Mahya Ghazizadeh Shala A. Salem gary S. collins E. Scott Sills Centre for Statistics in Medicine Wolfson College Annexe University of Oxford Oxford UK Office for Reproductive Research Pacific Reproductive Center/PRC-Orange County Irvine USA Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran

This pilot study evaluated effectiveness and acceptance of a new hospital-based reproductive endocrinology curriculum among Iranian medical students. A voluntary, anonymous questionnaire was used to compare two teaching methods as applied to junior medical students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Students were randomly assigned to one of two clinical teaching settings;no student experienced both modules. Coursework for the pilot (experimental) group (n = 19) utilized a teaching approach comprising lectures, genetics laboratory, pelvic ultrasound, small group sessions, and opportunities to observe advanced reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization, ICSI, and embryo transfer. A control group (n = 34) received reproductive endocrinology instruction by the ‘traditional curriculum’, consisting mainly of lectures. Students were sampled at baseline and again atthe conclusion of their reproductive endocrinology session. Pre- and post-test data were analyzed for both groups;post-test differences between groups were also compared. No significant differences in mean age or gender mix were identified between the two study groups. Overall, the ques- tionnaire did not identify any significant intergroup differences for any parameter investigated. Although student acceptance rate appeared similar for both educational modules, the ratio of students having a “favorable regard” for reproductive medicine declined only among students randomized to the control group (41.2% vs. 32.3%). This report offers the first data on teaching reproductive endocrinology to medical students in Iran. Both traditional and innovative approaches to teaching reproductive endocrinology were well-accepted by students, although negative post-test responses were more common among students in the control group. While periodic quality assessments for existing clinical teaching methods are necessary, introduction of alternative teaching approaches is also important. Additional studies are

关键词： Medical Students Clinical Education Reproductive Endocrinology Iran

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星际探索卓瑞尔天文台“第一道光”射电天文馆

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室内设计与装修 2023年第6期 70-73页

作者： Julian Gitsham gary collins Adam Atraktzi Oliver Kampshoff Sarah Willats Clive Lewis Kaja Swiezewska Trang Dao David Brown(摄影) Hassell 不详

“第一道光”射电天文馆由建筑事务所Hassell设计。该项目建成开放后,世界各地的访客在著名的卓瑞尔天文台的参观体验得到很大提升,他们将射电天文学理论,转化成了迷人的星际探索。作为这块场地上最大的公共建筑,展馆的设计以捕捉太空... 详细信息

“第一道光”射电天文馆由建筑事务所Hassell设计。该项目建成开放后,世界各地的访客在著名的卓瑞尔天文台的参观体验得到很大提升,他们将射电天文学理论,转化成了迷人的星际探索。作为这块场地上最大的公共建筑,展馆的设计以捕捉太空爱好者的好奇心为主旨,引发人们科学探索的欲望,在广袤无垠太空收获天文学的发现。

关键词：建筑事务所射电天文学公共建筑广袤无垠瑞尔天文馆天文台好奇心

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针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题

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英国医学杂志中文版 2020年第9期23卷 522-533页

作者： Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons gary S collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) Alan Turing Institute Kings CrossLondonUK Departments of Mathematics and Statistics University of WarwickCoventryUK Warwick Medical School University of WarwickCoventryUK Kings College Hospital Denmark HillLondonUK Department of Statistical Science University College LondonLondonUK University of Chicago ChicagoILUSA Science Policy and Research National Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceManchesterUK Health and Social Care Directorate National Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceLondonUK Data and Analytics Group National Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceLondonUK Clinical Practice Research Datalink Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory AgencyLondonUK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency LondonUK Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care UMC UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands UK EQUATOR Centre Centre for Statistics in MedicineNDORMSUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Meta-Research Innovation Centre at Stanford Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Department of Statistics University of OxfordOxford 0X13LBUK Health Data Research UK London University College LondonLondon.UK Institute of Health Informatics University College LondonLondonUK National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research CentreUniversity College LondonLondonUK 深圳智影医疗公司首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院皮肤科

机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、... 详细信息

机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。

关键词：人工智能研究机器学习同行评审数据资源缺乏透明度可重复性透明性跨学科团队

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Effect of airplane transport of donor livers on post-liver transplantation survival

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第41期22卷 9154-9161页

作者： Yi Huang Gerry MacQuillan Leon A Adams George Garas Megan collins Albert Nwaba Linjun Mou Max K Bulsara Luc Delriviere gary P Jeffrey School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western Australia Western Australian Liver Transplantation Service Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Institute of Health Research University of Notre Dame

AIM To evaluate the effect of long haul airplane transport of donor livers on post-transplant outcomes. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of patients who received a liver transplantation was performed in Perth, Australia from 1992 to 2012. Donor and recipient characteristics information were extracted from Western Australian liver transplantation service database. Patients were followed up for a mean of six years. Patient and graft survival were evaluated and compared between patients who received a local donor liver and those who received an airplane transported donor liver. Predictors of survival were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis using cox *** One hundred and ninety-three patients received alocal donor liver and 93 patients received an airplane transported donor liver. Airplane transported livers had a significantly lower alanine transaminase(mean: 45 U/L vs 84 U/L, P = 0.035), higher donor risk index(mean: 1.88 vs 1.42, P < 0.001) and longer cold ischemic time(CIT)(mean: 10.1 h vs 6.4 h, P < 0.001). There was a weak correlation between CIT and transport distance(r2 = 0.29, P < 0.001). Mean follow up was six years and 93 patients had graft failure. Multivariate analysis found only airplane transport retained significance for graft loss(HR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.16-3.17). One year graft survival was 0.88 for those with a local liver and was 0.71 for those with an airplane transported liver. One year graft loss was due to primary graft non-function or associated with preservation injury in 20.8% of recipients of an airplane transported liver compared with 4.6% in those with a local liver(P = 0.027). CONCLUSION Airplane transport of donor livers was independently associated with reduced graft survival following liver transplantation.

关键词： Airplane transportation Cold ischemic time Graft survival Donor location Organ damage

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Ecology and management of rodents in no-till agriculture in Washington, USA

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第3期2卷 154-164页

作者： gary WITMER Rodney SAYLER David HUGGINS Jason CAPELLI US Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research CenterFort CollinsColoradoUSA Washington State University PullmanWashingtonUSA

No-till farming is an important approach to sustainable agriculture because it can conserve soil and water ***, rodent populations can thrive under no-till conditions because burrow systems are not disrupted byannual plowing and plant residues build-up on the surface, providing cover and insulation. This can result in substantialcrop damage. We assessed rodent populations, habitat use, food habits, and crop damage in a no-till croppingsystem in Washington, USA. We also conducted preliminary trials of methods to reduce rodent populationsand crop damage. In the fall, many more rodents were captured in fields with unharvested crops than in fieldscontaining only plant stubble, suggesting that rodents leave fields after crop harvest, providing that suitable habitatsare nearby, even when adequate cover is still available in harvested crop fields. By spring, the number of volescaptured was much lower relative to fall. Despite this, capture rates were much higher in surrounding permanentgrass areas than in crop (barley, wheat, pea) fields, suggesting that these grassy areas serve as refugia for ***, the permanent grass cover type was the landscape variable most associated with rodent capture *** three winter pea fields, rodents removed 5–15% of the pea plants over winter. Examination of stomach contentsrevealed that voles mainly fed on grain plants in spring, but that their diet was more diversified in fall. Deer micefed heavily on grain plants in both spring and fall, but also used insects as food. Metal barrier exclosures (9 m × 9m), extending above and below ground, did not prevent access by rodents. Rodent populations in areas treated withzinc phosphide on grain were comparable to untreated areas 1 year after application of the rodenticide, perhaps becauseof immigration and recruitment, suggesting that baiting does not provide a long-term solution to rodent damagein no-till agricultural fields.

关键词： agriculture damage deer mouse feeding ecology Microtus Peromyscus rodent vole

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Review of issues concerning the use of reproductive inhibitors,with particular emphasis on resolving human-wildlife conflicts in North America

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第1期5卷 15-30页

作者： Kathleen A.FAGERSTONE Lowell A.MILLER gary KILLIAN Christi A.YODER Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research CenterFort Collins Almquist Research Center Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUSA

This manuscript provides an overview of past wildlife contraception efforts and discusses the current state of *** fertility control agents,an avian reproductive inhibitor containing the active ingredient nicarbazin and an immunocontraceptive vaccine,have received regulatory approval with the Environmental Protection Agency and are commercially available in the *** G Contraceptive Bait for Canada Geese and Ovo Control for pigeons are delivered as oral *** injectable immunocontraceptive vaccine(GonaCon Immunocontraceptive Vaccine)was registered with the Environmental Protection Agency for use in female white-tailed deer in September *** injectable product(GonaCon Immunocontraceptive Vaccine)is registered for use in female white-tailed *** products are labeled for use in urban/suburban areas where these species are *** other compounds are currently being tested for use in wildlife in the USA,Europe,Australia and New Zealand that could have promise in the *** development and use of reproductive inhibitors for resolving human-wildlife conflicts will depend on a number of factors,including meeting the requirements of regulatory agencies for use in the environment and on the biological and economical feasibility of their *** will also be dependent on health and safety issues and on public acceptance of the techniques.

关键词： contraceptives fertility control registration reproductive inhibitors wildlife

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Vertebrate species introductions in the United States and its territories

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 559-567页

作者： gary W. WITMER Pam L. FULLER USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center 4101 Laporte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA USGS/BRD Southeast Ecological Science Center 7920 NW 71st Street Gainesville FL 32653 USA

At least 1,065 introduced vertebrate species have been introduced in the United States and its territories, including at least 86 mammalian, 127 avian, 179 reptilian/amphibian, and 673 fish species. Examples in each major taxonomic group include domestic cat, small Indian mongoose, red fox, goat, pig, rabbit, rats, house mouse, gray squirrel, nutria, starling, Indian common myna, red-vented bulbul, brown treesnake, red-eared slider, brown trout, tilapia, and grass carp. We briefly review some of these species and the types of damage they cause. We then review the basic types of methods used for control or eradication of each taxonomic group, including physical, chemical, biological, and cultural methods. We discuss some of the challenges in managing these species, including issues with the use of toxicants, land access, public attitudes, and monitoring difficulties. Finally, we list some ongoing research and future research needs, including improved detection methods, improved attractants, improved barriers, improved capture methods, fertility control, and risk assessment methods [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 559-567, 2011].

关键词： Eradication Introductions Invasive species Management United States

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杰斯勒：对场外交易市场的监管

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中国证券期货 2010年第9期13卷 34-38页

作者： Daniel P. collins 张为豪（编译）不详华泰长城期货

2009年5月26日，美国国会围绕金融监管展开激烈争论，美国商品期货交易委员会（CFTC）主席盖瑞·杰斯勒（gary Gensler）的表现信誓旦旦，情深意切。此前他担任美国财政部国内金融部副部长，任职期间积极主张场外交易市场衍生品交易应... 详细信息

2009年5月26日，美国国会围绕金融监管展开激烈争论，美国商品期货交易委员会（CFTC）主席盖瑞·杰斯勒（gary Gensler）的表现信誓旦旦，情深意切。此前他担任美国财政部国内金融部副部长，任职期间积极主张场外交易市场衍生品交易应当独立于《2000年商品期货现代化改革法案》管制之外，因而招致两名国会议员反对他这次的誓言保卫战。

关键词：场外交易市场金融监管商品期货交易美国国会 2009年改革法案任职期间国会议员

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Assessment of inconclusive left main coronary lesions: lessons from an intravascular ultrasound study

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上海医学 2007年第S1期30卷 109-109页

作者： gary S.Mintz Stéphane G.Carlier Jose de Ribamar Costa Jr Koichi Sano Joanna Lui Giora Weisz Issam Moussa George D.Dangas Roxana Mehran Edward M.Kreps Michael collins Gregg W.Stone Jeffrey W.Moses Junbo Ge Martin B.Leon Department of Cardiology Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation New YorkUSA

Objective Angiographic assessment of a left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis is often difficult and unreliable. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) assessment of absolute lumen dimensions has been shown to correlate with fractional flow reserve (FFR) and to predict clinical outcome in patients with a LMCA stenosis. Methods During 21 months period (October, 2004 to July, 2006), 153 patients (Ostial lesions, n=47; Non-ostial lesion, n=106) underwent IVUS evaluation specifically to assess the severity of an angiographically inconclusive LMCA narrowing. IVUS analysis included plaque morphology; external elastic membrane (EEM), lumen, plaque cross-sectional areas (CSA), plaque burden (plaque CSA/ EEM) and remodeling index (lesion EEM CSA/reference EEM CSA). Results Overall, minimum lumen area (MLA) and diameter (MLD) and plaque burden measured 8.2 mm2, 2.6 mm, and 59.3 %, respectively. An MLA<6.0 mm2 (which has been shown to correlate with a FFR <0.75) was seen 41.5% in ostial lesions and 44.5% in non-ostial lesions. In particular, ostial LMCA lesions had a larger MLA and a smaller plaque burden than non-ostial lesions (Table). Conclusions Patients referred for LMCA evaluation commonly have insignificant narrowing. Negative remodeling was prominent at the LMCA ostium. These patients deserve IVUS assessment before revascularization.

关键词： intravascular plaque remodeling stenosis burden severity lumen absolute dimensions correlate

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Volumetric intravascular ultrasound comparisons of drug-eluting stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis

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上海医学 2007年第S1期30卷 207-207页

Objectives We compared intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) findings of drug-eluting stent (DES)-treated lesions that developed stent thrombosis versus in-stent restenosis (ISR) to identify underlying mechanical differences. Methods IVUS findings in 15 post-DES thrombosis patients were compared with 45 matched ISR patients who had no evidence of stent thrombosis. Results Minimum stent area [MSA, (3.7±0.8) mm2 vs (4.9±1.8) mm2, P=0.01], minimum stent diameter [(1.9±0.3) mm vs (2.3±0.4) mm, P=0.005], mean stent area [(5.2±0.8) mm2 vs (7.2±2.1) mm2, P<0.01], and both focal [MSA/reference lumen area, (54.7±15.9)% vs (75.0±20.1)%, P=0.001] and diffuse stent expansion [mean stent area/reference lumen area, (76.6±23.0)% vs (110.3±23.3)%, P<0.01] were significantly smaller in the stent thrombosis group (vs the ISR group). An MSA <4.0 mm2 (73.3% vs 35.6%, P=0.01) or <5.0 mm2 (86.7% vs 53.3%, P=0.02) was more often found in the stent thrombosis group (vs the ISR group). The MSA site occurred more frequently in the proximal stent segment within the stent thrombosis group compared to the ISR group (60% vs 24.4%, P=0.01). There were no differences in edge dissection, stent fracture, or stent-vessel wall malapposition between the two groups. Independent predictors of stent thrombosis were diffuse stent expansion (OR=1.5, P=0.03) and proximal location of the MSA site (OR=12.7, P=0.04). Conclusion DES-treated lesions that develop thrombosis or restenosis are often underexpanded. Underexpansion appears to be more severe in DES-thrombosis lesions. Lesions with diffuse underexpansion and a proximal (vs distal) underexpanded MSA site are more predisposed to thrombus formation than ISR.

关键词： stent restenosis intravascular eluting proximal diffuse lumen thrombus dissection versus

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