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Like mother, like daughter： heritability of female Richardson＇s ground squirrel Urocitellus richardsonii cortisol stress responses

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 153-163页

作者： Kevin R. bAIROS-NOVAK Calen R RYAN Angela R. FREEMAN W. gary ANDERSON James F, HARE Department of biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada Departmentof biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N 5E2 Saskatchewan Canada Department ofAnthropology Northwestern University Evanston 60208 Illinois USA Department of biological Sciences Kent State University Kent 44242 Ohio USA

Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis liberates glucocorticoids, which provides an acute indication of an individual＇s response to stressors. The heritability of the stress response in wild mammals, however, remains poorly documented. We quantified the cortisol stress response of female Richardson＇s ground squirrels （RGSs） to handling and physical restraint, testing for：（1） the effects of individual age, time of day, and sample latency; （2） repeatability within individuals; （3） narrow-sense heritability; and （4） differences among individuals owing to potential genetic and/or environmental effects. We detected a positive linear relationship between baseline plasma cortisol （bL-cortisol） concentration and stress-induced plasma cortisol （Sl-cortisol） concentration that defined each individual＇s cortisol stress response. bL-cortisol, SI-cortisol, and stress response did not differ according to the time the sample was taken, or by subject age. Cortisol stress response was highly repeatable within individuals, had a mother-offspring heritability of h2 =0.40 ± 0.24 （mean ±SE）, full-sibling heritability of h2s = 0.37 ± 0.71, and half-sibling heritabil- ity of hHS^2 = 0.75 ± 1.41. Stress responses of sibling groups, immediate-family groups, and squir- rels within a given area did not differ, whereas those of individuals from more distantly related matrilines did. Our results highlight the natural variability in HPA axis reactivity among individuals by quantifying both bL- and SI-cortisol levels, demonstrate partial heritability of the stress response that is not attributable to environmental variation, and suggest that at least part of an indi- vidual＇s stress response can be accounted for by differences in matrilineal history.

关键词： glucocorticoids ground squirrel heritability hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity stress response.

Flavonoid content and radical scavenging activity in fruits of Chinese dwarf cherry(Cerasus humilis) genotypes

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 55-63页

作者： Pengfei Wang Xiaopeng Mu Junjie Du Yu gary Gao Donghai bai Luting Jia Jiancheng Zhang Haiyan Ren Xiaofang Xue College of Horticulture Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801 Shanxi People's Republic of China OSU South Centers College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Science The Ohio State University 1864Shyville Road Piketon OH 45661 USA Administration of Fruits Industry Development Zhouzhi 710400 Shaanxi People's Republic of China Research Institute of Fruit Tree Shanxi Agricultural ScienceTaigu 030801 Shanxi People's Republic of China Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology Taigu 030801 Shanxi People'sRepublic of China

The Chinese dwarf cherry（Cerasus humilis（bge.） Sok.） is a small shrub with edible fruits. It is native to northern and western China. This species was included as a medicinal plant in the ‘‘Chinese Pharmacopeia’’ and has emerged as an economically important crop for fresh fruit consumption, processing into juice and wine and nutraceutical products as well. To gain a better understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis and help develop value added products and better cultivars with greater health benefits, we analyzed total flavonoid content（TFC）, composition, and radical scavenging activities in fruit extracts of 16 Chinese dwarf cherry genotypes. Fruit peel TFC ranged from 33.5 to72.8 mg/g REáFW（RE： rutin equivalent, FW： fresh weight）while fruit flesh TFC ranged from 4.3 to 16.9 mg/g REá*** HPLC analysis revealed that fruit extracts contained 14 flavonoids with considerable variation in their profiles across genotypes. The most abundant flavonoids in most genotypes were proanthocyanidin b1（PA-b1）, proanthocyanidin b2（PA-b2）, phloretin 20-O-glucoside（PG）, and phloretin 20,40-O-diglucoside（PDG）. Principal component analysis showed that PG, PA-b1, and PA-b2 had large,positive factor loading values in the first principal component for each genotype. Increased scavenging activity of2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） radicals was apparent in genotypes ‘Nongda 4’, ‘Nongda 3’, ‘Nongda 6’,‘Wenfenli’, and ’10-32’, suggesting promising applications in the production of nutraceutical products. In summary, our results will aid in breeding, fruit processing, and developing medicinal uses of the Chinese dwarf cherry.

关键词： Chinese dwarf cherry Flavonoid profiles Principal component analysis DPPH scavenging

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扇形喷头雾滴粒径分布风洞试验

农业机械学报 2012年第6期43卷 53-57,52页

作者：张慧春 Dorr gary 郑加强周宏平南京林业大学机械电子工程学院南京210037 澳大利亚昆士兰大学理学院

利用开路式风洞系统和Sympatec激光粒度仪测试了参考喷头的雾谱尺寸以此作为喷头雾谱等级的依据。对扇形雾喷头在不同压力、风速、喷头与激光粒度仪距离情况下的雾滴粒径、数量和范围进行了试验。试验结果表明,压力、风速、喷头与激光... 详细信息

利用开路式风洞系统和Sympatec激光粒度仪测试了参考喷头的雾谱尺寸以此作为喷头雾谱等级的依据。对扇形雾喷头在不同压力、风速、喷头与激光粒度仪距离情况下的雾滴粒径、数量和范围进行了试验。试验结果表明,压力、风速、喷头与激光粒度仪之间距离的增大,都导致扇形雾喷头的雾滴体积中径变小,尺寸小于150μm的雾滴占全部雾滴体积的百分比变大,增加了农药脱靶飘移的可能性,同时压力和风速的增大都导致部分喷头的雾谱等级降低。为了保证激光粒度仪对雾滴粒径测试结果的可靠性,可以使用风洞试验和调整喷头与激光粒度仪的距离,来减小因细小雾滴通过激光束过程中速度迅速衰减而对测量结果带来的影响。

关键词：扇形喷头参考喷头风洞试验雾滴粒径分布

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喷雾飘移的风洞试验和回归模型

农业工程学报 2015年第3期31卷 94-100页

作者：张慧春 gary Dorr 郑加强周宏平于君南京林业大学机械电子工程学院南京210037 Faculty of Science The University of Queensland Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics Ume Universitysweden90187

为了掌握农药喷雾飘移的规律,从而为控制农药飘移到非靶标区域提供理论支持和技术依据,论文测试了由风洞地面向上0.1-0.5 m放置的5根间隔0.1 m以及水平方向距地面0.1 m高从2-6 m放置的5根间隔1 m的聚乙烯收集线所收集的含荧光示踪剂的雾... 详细信息

为了掌握农药喷雾飘移的规律,从而为控制农药飘移到非靶标区域提供理论支持和技术依据,论文测试了由风洞地面向上0.1-0.5 m放置的5根间隔0.1 m以及水平方向距地面0.1 m高从2-6 m放置的5根间隔1 m的聚乙烯收集线所收集的含荧光示踪剂的雾滴,由荧光分析仪测定了收集线上的荧光剂含量,分析了不同位置处的雾滴沉积和飘移。针对Tee Jet公司的XR 11002延长范围扇形喷头、AIXR 11002气吸扇形喷头、TT 11002广角扇形喷头和TTI 11002涡流气吸型喷头在不同位置处的雾滴飘移试验、得到不同类型的喷头在不同风速和药剂时的雾滴飘移结果。结果显示,随着垂直高度和水平距离的增加,雾滴的沉积减少。风速增大时,垂直高度0.1-0.5 m和水平距离2-6 m的雾滴飘移都会更加严重。气吸扇形和涡流气吸型结构的喷头能产生更大尺寸雾滴,减少飘移量。采用SPSS软件建立了包含采样距离、风速、喷头类型和药剂类型在内的多变量非线性雾滴飘移特性模型,经检验,该回归模型的拟合度在0.847以上,此模型有助于降低喷雾飘移的风险,为气象条件的选择、雾滴沉积区域的预测、缓冲隔离区的确定、防飘施药技术的研究和喷施药剂药械的配套选用提供技术指导。

关键词：风洞喷雾喷嘴收集线风速药剂喷雾飘移模型

Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Thelonectria discophora(Ascomycota,Hypocreales,Nectriaceae)species complex

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第1期70卷 1-29页

作者： Catalina Salgado-Salazar Amy Y.Rossman gary J.Samuels Yuuri Hirooka Romina M.Sanchez Priscila Chaverri Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland2112 Plant Sciences BuildingCollege ParkMD 20742USA Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory USDA-ARSBeltsvilleMD 20705USA biodiversity(Mycology) Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research CentreAgriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawaOntario K1A 0C6Canada Centro de Recursos Renovables de la Zona Semiarida-Cerzos Conicet Universidad Nacional del SurCamino La Carrindanga Km7B8000FWB Bahía BlancaProvincia de Buenos AiresArgentina Escuela de biología Universidad de Costa RicaApartado11501-2060 San PedroSan JoséCosta Rica

Specimens regarded as Thelonectria discophora(Thelonectria,Nectriaceae,Hypocreales)constitute a conspicuous group of saprobic fungi on decaying plant material,characterized by red perithecia each with a broad mammiform(nipple-like)*** asexual state is characterized by a cylindrocarpon-like morphology,with 3–5 septate macroconidia,unicellular microconidia and chlamydospores that are rarely produced in *** the past,*** was regarded as one species with a wide geographic ***,a recent study rejected the monophyly and cosmopolitan distribution of this species,and showed the existence of at least 16 cryptic species distributed in three main *** combining the results of phylogenetic analyses of six nuclear loci and morphological studies,we revised the taxonomy of the *** species complex,resulting in the description of 12 new species and four new combinations based on historic *** though molecular phylogenetic analyses strongly support the segregation of these species,and are in agreement with previous studies,individual diagnostic morphological characters for each species could not be ***,discrete morphological traits corresponding to each of the three main groups of species were *** could be differentiated based on the average values of morphological traits as well as the presence/absence of characteristic asexual propagules and colony growth at ***,illustrations are provided for the recognized species.

关键词： New species Rubus canker Species concept Taxonomy

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北京大学学报（医学版） 2006年第1期38卷 57-61页

作者： gary LU John ZHANG Katherine PAUPER Department of Pathology and Genetics USLabs/LabCorp Irvine California 91612 USA Department of Hematology/Oncology Quest Diagnostics/Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano CA 92692 USA

Objective: To study the frequency of interstitial 7q deletions in b-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (b-LPDs). Methods: Cases were collected from the clinical laboratory diagnosis database at USLabs/LabCorp over the past two years (2002 to 2004). Cases that showed deletions in the long arm of chromosome 7 were then reviewed. Interstitial deletions in the long arm of chromosome 7 were further investigated according to the indications for clinical laboratory studies and flow cytometry findings. The final clinical diagnosis for each case was obtained from the referring physician. Results: A total of 19 483 cases were included in this series. Eighty-five cases were observed to have either terminal or interstitial deletion in the long arm of chromosome 7. Of the 85 cases, 46 had interstitial deletions accounting for 54.1% of the 7q deletions combined. b-LPDs were found in 10 of the 46 cases, accounting for 21.7%. The b-LPDs associated with 7q interstitial deletions were diverse, including b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (b-CLL) in five cases. The deleted region in the long arm of chromosome 7 in the 10 cases associated with b-LPDs was solely confined to the 7q22-q32 region. Conclusion: (1) The frequency of 7q interstitial deletions associated with b-LPDs is substantially high; (2) 7q interstitial deletions are not uncommon in b-CLL.

关键词：染色体缺失染色体白血病 b细胞慢性流式细胞术 7号染色体血液肿瘤 b淋巴细胞增生障碍

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权利哲学史

权利哲学史

作者： (美)加里·b. 赫伯特(gary b. Herbert)

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对金融危机的误解

Left atrial enlargement and non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation as risk factors for left atrial thrombus/spontaneous Echo contrast in patients with atrial fibrillation and low CHA2DS2-VASc score

作者： (英)加里·b. 戈顿(gary b. Gorton)

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2020年第3期17卷 155-159页

作者： Wei-Dong LIN Yu-Mei XUE Fang-Zhou LIU Xian-Hong FANG Xian-Zhang ZHAN Hong-Tao LIAO gary Tse Shu-Lin WU Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangdong General HospitalGuangzhouChina Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Faculty of MedicineChinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences Faculty of MedicineChinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Objective To determine the risk factors for thromboembolism in lower risk patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation(AF)and low CHA2DS2-VASc scores,which remain *** We retrospectively analyzed the baseline clinical characteristics,routine laboratory parameters,and echocardiographic measurements of 705 patients(71.1%male;mean age:52.10±9.64 years)with low CHA2DS2-VASc score(0 or 1;1 point for female sex)out of 1346 consecutive patients with non-valvular AF who underwent transesophageal echocardiography(TEE)at Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute between January 2013 and December *** Patients with left atrial thrombus(LAT)or spontaneous echo contrast(SEC)on TEE(24/705,4%)showed a higher incidence rate of vascular disease(54.2%vs.32.9%,P=0.045)and non-paroxysmal AF(79.2%vs.29.4%,P<0.001),larger left atrial diameter(43.08±4.59 vs.36.02±5.53 mm,P<0.001),and lower left ventricular ejection fraction(58.23±8.82%vs.64.15±7.14%,P<0.001)than those *** logistic regression analysis identified left atrial diameter[odds ratio(OR)=1.171,95%confidence interval(CI):1.084–1.265,P<0.001]and non-paroxysmal AF(OR=3.766,95%CI:1.282–11.061,P=0.016)as independent risk factors for LAT/*** ROC curve analysis,a left atrial dimeter cutoff of 37.5 mm yielded 95.0%sensitivity and 62.7%specificity(AUC:0.847,P<0.0001,95%CI:0.793–0.914).Conclusion In patients with non-valvular AF with low CHA2DS2-VASc score,the presence of LAT or SEC was associated with left atrial enlargement,which had moderate predictive value,and non-paroxysmal AF.

关键词： Atrial fibrillation Left atrial diameter Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast Left atrial thrombus