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Heavy metals leaching in bottom ash and fly ash fractions from industrial-scale BFB-boiler for environmental risks assessment

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2016年第1期26卷 256-264页

作者： Risto POYKIO Mikko MAKELA gary watkins Hannu NURMESNIEMI OUi DAHL Department of Environmental Protection City ofKemiValtakatu 26FI-94100 KemiFinland Division of Biomass Technology and Chemistry Department of Forest Biomaterials and TechnologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesP.O.Box SLUSE-90183 UmehSweden Department of Environmental Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology4259 Nagatsuta-choMidori-kuYokohama 226-8502Japan Department of Forest Products Technology School of Chemical TechnologyAalto UniversityP.O.Box 16400FI-00076 AaltoFinland Department of Environmental Protection Stora Enso OyjVeitsiluoto MillFI-94800 KemiFinland

The bottom ash and fly ash from the co-combustion of wood residues and peat at a bubbling fluidised bed boiler（296 MW） contained only quartz（SiO_2）, microcline（KAl Si_3O_8） and albite（NaAlSi_3O_8）. Thus, X-ray powder diffraction（XRD） was not useful for clarifying the difference in the release of associated heavy metals from ash matrices. In order to assess the release of heavy metals from ashes under changing environmental conditions, they were sequentially extracted and fractionated by the BCR-procedure into acid soluble/exchangeable（CH_3COOH）, reducible（NH_2OH-HCl） and oxidizable（H_2O_2/CH_3COONH_4） phases. The CH_3 COOH extractable fraction in conjunction with the total heavy metals concentrations were used to calculate the risk assessment code values for heavy metals leaching from the ash matrix. The leaching studies indicate that the heavy metals in the bottom ash and fly ash are bound to different fractions with different strengths. From the environmental and utilization perspectives, heavy metals in ashes posed different levels of environmental contamination risk. Only As in the bottom ash posed a very high risk. High risk metals were Cd in the bottom ash as well as As, Cd and Se in the fly ash.

关键词： bottom ash fly ash BCR extraction heavy metals risk assessment code

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Current Trend in Synthesis,Post-Synthetic Modifications and Biological Applications of Nanometal-Organic Frameworks(NMOFs)

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2019年第4期37卷 378-404页

作者： Ebenezer Baa gary M.watkins Rui.W.Krause Derek.N.Tantohb Department of Chemistry Rhodes UniversityPO Box 94Grahamstown6140South Africa Department of Applied Chemistry University of JohannesburgPO Box 524Auckland Park2006South Africa

Since the early reports of MOFs and their interesting properties,research involving these materials has grown wide in scope and *** synthetic approaches have ensued in view of obtaining materials with optimised properties,the extensive scope of application spanning from energy,gas sorption,catalysis biological applications has meant exponentially evolved over the *** far-reaching synthetic and PSM approaches and porosity control possibilities have continued to serve as a motivation for research on these *** respect to the biological applications,MOFs have shown promise as good candidates in applicati ons involving drug delivery,BioMOFs,sensing,imaging amongst *** being a while away from successful entry into the market,observed results in sensing,drug delivery,and imaging put these materials on the spot light as candidates poised to usher in a revolution in *** this regard,this review article focuses current approaches in synthesis,post functionalization and biological applications of these materials with particular attention on drug delivery,imaging,sensing and BioMOFs.

关键词： Current Trend Post-Synthetic Modifications Nanometal-Organic Frameworks(NMOFs)

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Characterization of primary and secondary wastewater treatment sludge from a pulp and board mill complex to evaluate the feasibility of utilization as a soil amendment agent and a fertilizer product

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2018年第3期3卷 88-95页

作者： Risto Pöykiö gary watkins Olli Dahl Department of Environmental Protection City of KemiValtakatu 26FI-94100 KemiFinland Environmental and Chemical Engineering Research Unit Faculty of TechnologyUniversity of OuluFaculty of TechnologyFI-90014 University of OuluFinland Clean Technology Research Group Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsSchool of Chemical TechnologyAalto UniversityEspoo 00076 AaltoFinland

In this study,we have determined the main important physical and chemical properties as well as the heavy metal concentrations of the primary and secondary wastewater treatment sludge from a pulp and board mill complex located in Finland in order to evaluate the utilization of these by-products as a soil amendment agent or a fertilizer *** soluble Ca,Mg,K,Na,P and S concentrations in the sludges were extracted by ammonium acetate(CH3COONH4)and easily soluble Cu,Mn and Zn concentrations by CH3COONH4+*** the determination of total nutrient and total heavy metal concentrations in sludges,they were digested using aqua regia(3 mL HCl+9 mL HNO3).The total heavy concentrations in the primary sludge were lower than the Finnish heavy metal limit values for fertilizer *** the secondary sludge,all other total heavy metals than the total Cd concentration(4.8 mg/kg;d.w.)were lower than the heavy metal limit values for fertilizer *** to the low total heavy metal concentrations,which were lower than the Finnish limit values for fertilizer products,the primary sludge is a potential *** the total Cd concentration(4.8 mg/kg;d.w.)in the secondary sludge exceed the limit value of 1.5 mg/kg(d.w.)for fertilizer products,this residue may be used as a soil improver,a growing media or as a fertilizer product in landfill sites or in other closed industrial areas,because the Finnish limit values for fertilizer products are not applied at these sites.

关键词： Activated sludge Fertilizer Forest industry Biosludge Board mill Fibre sludge Pulp mill Waste Wastewater treatment

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