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Transient thermal response of micro-thermal conductivity detector (μTCD) for the identification of gas mixtures:An ultra-fast and low power method

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2015年第1期1卷 52-58页

作者： Alireza Mahdavifar Milad Navaei Peter J.Hesketh Melvin Findlay Joseph R.Stetter gary w.hunter School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA KwJ Engineering Inc. NewarkCA 94560USA NASA Glenn Research Center ClevelandOH 44135USA

Micro-thermal conductivity detector(μTCD)gas sensors work by detecting changes in the thermal conductivity of the surrounding medium and are used as detectors in many applications such as gas chromatography *** TCDs use steady-state resistance(i.e.,temperature)measurements of a *** this work,we developed a new measurement method and hardware configuration based on the processing of the transient response of a low thermal mass TCD to an electric current *** method was implemented for a 100-μm-long and 1-μm-thick micro-fabricated bridge that consisted of doped polysilicon conductive film passivated with a 200-nm silicon nitride *** resistance variations of theμTCD in response to a square current pulse were studied in multiple mixtures of dilute gases in *** and experimental results are presented and compared for the time resolved and steady-state regime of the sensor *** analysis and simulation show that the sensor response is exponential in the transient state,that the time constant of this exponential variation was a linear function of the thermal conductivity of the gas ambient,and that the sensor was able to quantify the mixture *** level of detection in nitrogen was estimated to be from 25 ppm for helium to 178 ppm for carbon *** this novel approach,the sensor requires approximately 3.6 nJ for a single measurement and needs only 300μs of sampling *** is less than the energy and time required for steady-state DC measurements.

关键词： gas sensor MEMS micro-bridge micro-heater μTCD thermal conductivity sensor transient heat transfer modeling

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智能传感器系统

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化学传感器 2012年第1期32卷 5-11页

作者： gary w.hunter Joseph R.Stetter Peter J.Hesketh 刘炯权美国宇航局Glenn研究中心传感器和电子器件分部智能系统硬件组美国宇航局Glenn研究中心化学成分气体传感器组 KwJ工程公司 Illinois技术学院 Oakland大学乔治亚理工学院机械工程学院MEMS组美国Case western Reserve University(Cleveland Ohio)化学工程系

传感器以及传感器系统可以使我们对周围环境有足够的了解和警觉，也可以对我们的健康和环境进行持续监控。并带来平安。传感技术领域中的一个变革性进展是智能传感器系统的开发。智能传感器的定义可以各不相同，但最基本的特征是将一个... 详细信息

传感器以及传感器系统可以使我们对周围环境有足够的了解和警觉，也可以对我们的健康和环境进行持续监控。并带来平安。传感技术领域中的一个变革性进展是智能传感器系统的开发。智能传感器的定义可以各不相同，但最基本的特征是将一个敏感元件与由微处理器所提供的数据处理功能相结合。换言之，

关键词：传感器系统智能传感器数据处理功能周围环境传感技术微处理器敏感元件

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The relationship between steeplechase hurdle economy, mechanics, and performance

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第4期4卷 353-356页

作者： Sarah Earl Iain hunter gary w. Mack Matthew Seeley Department of Exercise Sciences Brigham Young University Provo UT 84602 USA

Background： Research surrounding the steeplechase is scarce, with most research focusing primarily on how biomechanical factors relate to maintaining running speed while crossing barriers. One area that has not been well explored is the relationship between biomechanical factors and hurdling economy. The purpose of this study was to investigate how pel：formance times and biomechanical variables relate to hurdling economy during the steeplechase. Methods： This was accomplished by measuring running economy of collegiate and professional steeplechasers while rmming with and without hurdles. Biomechanical measures of approach velocity, takeoff distance, clearance height, and lead knee extension while hurdling, as well as steeplechase performance times were correlated to a ratio of running economy with and without hurdles. Results： while oxygen uptake was 2.6% greater for the laps requiring five barriers, there was no correlation between steeplechase performance time and the ratio of running economy during the hurdle and non-hurdle laps. Results also indicated no correlation between the aforementioned biomechanical variables and ratio of running economy during the hurdle and non-hurdle laps. Conclusion： Increasing approach velocity did not negatively affect running economy. Increased approach velocity is a benefit for maintenance of race pace, but does not hurt economy of movement.

关键词： Endurance Racing Running Track and field

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GroESL protects superoxide dismutase (SOD)— Deficient cells against oxidative stress and is a chaperone for SOD

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Health 2013年第10期5卷 1719-1729页

作者： gary J. hunter Thérèse hunter Department of Physiology and Biochemistry University of Malta Msida MSD 2080 Malta Department of Physiology and Biochemistry University of Malta Msida MSD 2080 Malta

Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-deficient Escherichia coli OX326Acells are protected against chemically-induced oxidative stress by expression of the chaperonin GroESL. This protection is equivalent to expression of superoxide dismutase even though GroESL has no inherent SOD activity. Co-overexpression of GroESL and SOD in the same cells results in higher protein yields of SOD and greater metallation of SOD when compared with expression of SOD alone. Greater metallation results in the higher specific activity of SOD that is observed in heat shock, and is not due to increased synthesis of SOD mRNA or protein.

关键词： Superoxide Dismutase Chaperone Heat Shock Oxidative Stress

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Purification and Characterisation of Xanthine Oxidoreductases from Local Bovids in Malta

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2014年第1期2卷 54-63页

作者： Marita Vella Therese hunter Claude Farrugia Arwen R. Pearson gary hunter Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK Department of Chemistry University of Malta Msida Malta Department of Physiology and Biochemistry University of Malta Msida Malta

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a molybdoflavoprotein mainly involved in purine catabolism. It exists in two forms, the oxidase (XO) and dehydrogenase (XDH) which are inter-convertible within mammalian cells. Although various researchers have reported the extraction of mammalian XOR, no extractions have yet been carried out in Malta and subsequently no characterizations are available. In this study, XOR was successfully purified from bovine, caprine and ovine milk through a multistep purification process involving both chemical and chromatographic techniques. The molecular weights of the native enzyme were found to be 295 kDa, 281 kDa and 275 kDa, representing the bovine, caprine and ovine XOR respectively. western blot showed XOR to be represented on SDS-PAGE by a minimum of three major bands having molecular weights of 151 kDa, 131 kDa and 85 kDa. while all samples showed activity on native PAGE, spectrophotometric assays revealed the bovine XOR to be the most active. Surprisingly, the addition of NAD+ to the assay mixture inhibited enzyme activity of the bovine and caprine XOR whereas the ovine XOR doubled its activity in response to NAD+. The latter also showed a lower binding affinity to heparin. Following incubation with trypsin, XOR was irreversibly converted to its oxidase form in all samples as reflected by the observed increase in XO activity.

关键词： Xanthine Xanthine Dehydrogenase Xanthine Oxidase Milk Bovid Malta

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Method to assess component contribution to toxicity of complex mixtures： Assessment of puberty acquisition in rats exposed to disinfection byproducts

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 311-321页

作者： Shahid Parvez Glenn E.Rice Linda K.Teuschler Jane Ellen Simmons Thomas F.Speth Susan D.Richardson Richard J.Miltner E.Sidney hunter Ⅲ Jonathan G.Pressman Lillian F.Strader gary R.Klinefelter Jerome M.Goldman Michael G.Narotsky Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health Sciences IUPUI Campus Indianapolis IN 46202 USA National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati OH 45268 USA Lincla Teuschler and Associates St. Petersburg FL 33707 USA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711 USA National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati OH 45268 USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA

A method based on regression modeling was developed to discern the contribution of component chemicals to the toxicity of highly complex, environmentally realistic mixtures of disinfection byproducts（DBPs）. Chemical disinfection of drinking water forms DBP *** of concerns about possible reproductive and developmental toxicity, a whole mixture（wM） of DBPs produced by chlorination of a water concentrate was administered as drinking water to Sprague–Dawley（S–D） rats in a multigenerational study. Age of puberty acquisition,i.e., preputial separation（PPS） and vaginal opening（VO）, was examined in male and female offspring, respectively. when compared to controls, a slight, but statistically significant delay in puberty acquisition was observed in females but not in males. wM-induced differences in the age at puberty acquisition were compared to those reported in S–D rats administered either a defined mixture（DM） of nine regulated DBPs or individual DBPs. Regression models were developed using individual animal data on age at PPS or VO from the DM study. Puberty acquisition data reported in the wM and individual DBP studies were then compared with the DM models. The delay in puberty acquisition observed in the wM-treated female rats could not be distinguished from delays predicted by the DM regression model, suggesting that the nine regulated DBPs in the DM might account for much of the delay observed in the wM. This method is applicable to mixtures of other types of chemicals and other endpoints.

关键词： Drinking water disinfection byproducts DBP Puberty delay Four Lab Study Mixtures risk assessment

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Electrical stimulation and denervated muscles after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1397-1407页

作者： Subhalakshmi Chandrasekaran John Davis Ines Bersch gary Goldberg Ashraf S.Gorgey Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical CenterRichmondVAUSA Swiss Paraplegic Centre NottwilSwitzerland Institute of Clinical Sciences Department of Orthopedics at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Electrodiagnostic Center Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical CenterRichmondVAUSA

Spinal cord injury(SCI)population with injury below T10 or injury to the cauda equina region is characterized by denervated muscles,extensive muscle atrophy,infiltration of intramuscular fat and formation of fibrous *** morphological changes may put individuals with SCI at higher risk for developing other diseases such as various cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,obesity and ***,there is no available rehabilitation intervention to rescue the muscles or restore muscle size in SCI individuals with lower motor neuron ***,hereby,performed a review of the available evidence that supports the use of electrical stimulation in restoration of denervated muscle following *** pulse width stimulation(LPwS)technique is an upcoming method of stimulating denervated *** primary objective is to explore the best stimulation paradigms(stimulation parameters,stimulation technique and stimulation wave)to achieve restoration of the denervated *** parameters,such as the pulse duration,need to be 100–1000 times longer than in innervated muscles to achieve desirable excitability and *** use of electrical stimulation in animal and human models induces muscle *** in animal models indicate that electrical stimulation,with a combination of exercise and pharmacological interventions,have proven to be effective in improving various aspects like relative muscle weight,muscle cross sectional area,number of myelinated regenerated fibers,and restoring some level of muscle *** studies have shown similar outcomes,identifying the use of LPwS as an effective strategy in increasing muscle cross sectional area,the size of muscle fibers,and improving muscle ***,displaying promise is an effective future stimulation *** summary,LPwS is a novel stimulation technique for denervated muscles in humans with *** studies on LPwS of denervated muscles will help in translating

关键词： denervation DXA electrical stimulation LMN injury LPwS MRI spinal cord injury stimulation parameters

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Color development in an extrusion-cooked model system

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2008年第2期1卷 55-63页

作者： Hanwu Lei Roger Ruan R.gary Fulcher Bernhard van Lengerich Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57007USA The Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Department of Food Science University of ManitobaWinnipegMBR3T 2N2Canada General Mills Inc.9000 Plymouth Ave.N.Golden ValleyMN 55427USA

Rice-glucose-lysine blend was extruded using a co-rotating twin-screw *** effects of different extrusion conditions on the browning properties of extrudates were analyzed and compared using the CIE Lab system of *** process variables included moisture content,screw speed,barrel temperature,and screw *** influence of product temperature on the browning property of extrudates was significant(Pwere related to product temperature by a 4th degree polynomial(Phunter color scale values(L*,a*,b*,-L*a*/b*,whiteness Index,and Yellowness Index)from extruded samples were analyzed to relate to extrusion process *** temperature and browning properties were modeled and tested at various screw configurations and extrusion *** temperature and browning property models were verified using different screw geometries and other processing conditions with reasonable accuracy.

关键词： twin-screw extrusion browning hunter color scale Maillard reaction empirical modeling

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An Overview and Comparative Evaluation of Head and Neck Cancer Risk Factors in India and Australia

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2018年第5期7卷 254-267页

作者： Satinder Pal Singh Robert Eisenberg gary Hoffman Department of Otolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery Swift Hospital Amritsar India Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery John Hunter Hospital Newcastle Australia Department of Oral Maxillo Facial Surgery John Hunter Hospital Newcastle Australia

Aim: An overview and comparative evaluation of head and neck cancer risk factors in India and Australia. Method: In this review we included articles with information on head and neck cancer risk factors and its association based on: smoking tobacco, alcohol, smokeless tobacco, betel nut and areca nut chewing, viral infection like HPV, dental hygiene, diet, family history, socioeconomic status, other heavy metals and systemic conditions. Articles with clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were excluded. Results: Head and neck cancer in India has different demographic, risk factors, dietary habits, personal and family history. Oral cancer is more common amongst all head and neck squamous cell cancers in males. This is mainly attributed with consumption of a variety of smokeless tobacco, smoking, alcohol, poverty, illiteracy, cultural, advanced stage at presentation;lack of good treatment infrastructure creates main challenge to India as compared to Australia. Conclusion: The knowledge about risk factors for HNC in public health education for general population supports health promotion and tobacco prevention, which is the main aim of the programs started by the government, as head and neck cancers are potentially preventable.

关键词： Head and Neck Cancer Oral Cavity Oropharynx Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Alcohol HPV Oral Hygiene Other Risk Factors

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走进“鬼屋”

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科技新时代（下半月） 2006年第5期 36-43页

作者： gary INMAN JAMES CHEADLE（图）

据说伦敦Ham House古宅经常闹鬼，我不信邪但有点胆小又很好奇，便提着各种探测仪器跟着一群所谓的“灵异现象爱好者”走了进去。神经紧张地忙活了一夜，电子设备也没有找到任何异常的东西。

关键词：探测仪器电子设备古宅灵异现象电磁辐射探测 Ham House

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