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Specific features of Eu^(3+) and Tb^(3+) magnetooptics in gadolinium-gallium garnet (Gd_3Ga_5O_(12))

Journal of Rare Earths 2011年第8期29卷 776-782页

作者： Uygun V. Valiev John B. Gruber 付德君 Vasiliy O. Pelenovich gary w. burdick Mariya E. Malysheva Faculty of Physics National University of Uzbekistan Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio Department of Physics Wuhan University Department of Physics Andrews University

w. reported magnetooptical properties of Eu3＋（4f（6）） and Tb3＋（4f（8）） in single crystals of Gd3Ga5O12 （GGG）, Y3Ga5O12 （YGG）, and Eu3＋（4f（6）） in Eu3Ga5O12 （EuGG） for both ions occupying sites of D2 symmetry in the garnet structure. Absorption, luminescence, and magnetic circular polarization of luminescence （MCPL） spectra of Tb3＋ in GGG and YGG and absorption and magnetic circular dichroism （MCD） of Eu3＋ in EuGG w.re studied. The data w.re obtained at 85 K and room temperature （RT）. Magnetic susceptibility of Eu3＋ in EuGG w.s also measured betw.en 85 K and RT. The magnetooptical and magnetic susceptibility data w.re modeled using the w.vefunctions of the crystal-field split energy （Stark） levels of Eu3＋ and Tb3＋ occupying D2 sites in the same garnets. The results reported gave a precise determination of these Stark level assignments and confirmed the symmetry labels （irreducible representations） of the closely-spaced Stark levels （quasi-doublets） found in the 5D1 （Eu3＋） and 5D4 （Tb3＋） multiplets. Ultraviolet （UV） excitation （300 nm） of the 6PJ and 6IJ states of Gd3＋ in the doped GGG crystals led to emission from 5D4 （Tb3＋） and 5D1 and 5D0 （Eu3＋） through radiationless energy transfer to the 4f（n–1）5d band of Tb3＋ and to UV quintet states of Eu3＋. The temperature-dependent emission line shapes and line shifts of the magnetooptical transitions excited by UV radiation suggested a novel w.y to explore energy transfer mechanisms in this rare-earth doped garnet system.

关键词： magnetic circular polarization of luminescence magnetic circular dichroism absorption quantum qutting energy transfer magnetic susceptibility rare earths

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Substrate topography as a pow.rful tool to modify glial cell biology and interactions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1390-1391页

作者： Pascal Achenbach Haktan Altinova gary A.Brook Institute of Neuropathology RWTH Aachen University Hospital Department of Neurosurgery RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen Germany Berlin State Office for Health and Social Affairs(LAGeSo) BerlinGermany

Traumatic injuries to the central nervous system(CNS) result in disruption of the intricate netw.rk of axons w.ich connect functionally related neurons that are w.dely distributed throughout the brain and spinal *** normal conditions,maintenance of this complex system is structurally and functionally supported by astrocytes (ACs)and other glial cells,the processes of w.ich form a framew.rk surrounding neuronal cell bodies,dendrites,axons,and synapses.

关键词： injuries topography system

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Priming of antiherbivore defensive responses in plants

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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 273-285页

作者： Jinw.n Kim gary w. Felton Department of Entomology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States

Abstract Defense priming is defined as increased readiness of defense induction. A grow.ng body of literature indicates that plants （or intact parts of a plant） are primed in anticipation of impending environmental stresses, both biotic and abiotic, and upon the follow.ng stimulus, induce defenses more quickly and strongly. For instance, some plants previously exposed to herbivore-inducible plant volatiles （HIPVs） from neighboring plants under herbivore attack show.faster or stronger defense activation and enhanced insect resistance w.en challenged w.th secondary insect feeding. Research on priming of antiherbivore defense has been limited to the HIPV-mediated mechanism until recently, but significant advances w.re made in the past three years, including non-HIPV-mediated defense priming, epigenetic modifications as the molecular mechanism of priming, and others. It is timely to consider the advances in research on defense priming in the plant- insect interactions.

关键词： defense priming epigenetic modifications plant-insect interactions

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Vertebrate species introductions in the United States and its territories

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 559-567页

作者： gary w. w.TMER Pam L. FULLER USDA/APHIS/w. National w.ldlife Research Center 4101 Laporte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA USGS/BRD Southeast Ecological Science Center 7920 NW 71st Street Gainesville FL 32653 USA

At least 1,065 introduced vertebrate species have been introduced in the United States and its territories, including at least 86 mammalian, 127 avian, 179 reptilian/amphibian, and 673 fish species. Examples in each major taxonomic group include domestic cat, small Indian mongoose, red fox, goat, pig, rabbit, rats, house mouse, gray squirrel, nutria, starling, Indian common myna, red-vented bulbul, brow. treesnake, red-eared slider, brow. trout, tilapia, and grass carp. w. briefly review.some of these species and the types of damage they cause. w. then review.the basic types of methods used for control or eradication of each taxonomic group, including physical, chemical, biological, and cultural methods. w. discuss some of the challenges in managing these species, including issues w.th the use of toxicants, land access, public attitudes, and monitoring difficulties. Finally, w. list some ongoing research and future research needs, including improved detection methods, improved attractants, improved barriers, improved capture methods, fertility control, and risk assessment methods [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 559-567, 2011].

关键词： Eradication Introductions Invasive species Management United States

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Magnetooptics of non-Kramers Eu^(3+) ions in garnets:analysis complemented by crystal-field splitting modeling calculations

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Journal of Rare Earths 2013年第9期31卷 837-842页

作者： Uygun V.Valiev John B.Gruber Anvar K.Mukhammadiev Vasiliy O.Pelenovich 付德君 gary w.burdick Faculty of Physics National University of Uzbekistan Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Department of Physics Andrews University

Spectra of absorption, luminescence, magnetic circular dichroism （MCD）, and magnetic circular polarization of lumines- cence （MCPL） in Gd3Ga5O12：Eu3＋ and Eu3Ga3O12 garnets w.re studied w.thin the visible spectral range at 300 K. Analysis of the spectral and temperature dependences of the magnetooptical and optical spectra made it possible to identify the magneto-dipole （MD） and electro-dipole （ED） 4f→4f transitions occurring betw.en Stark sublevels of the 7FJ （J=1, 2） and 5D0 multiplets in Eua＋-containing garnet structures. Quantum mechanical ＂mixing＂ had significant influence on quasi-degenerate states of the non-Kramers rare-earth Eu3＋ ion for Eu3GasOl2 in MCD due to forbidden MD transition 7F1→SD0 and for GdaGasOiE：EU3＋ in MCPL due to MD 4f→4f transition 5Do→7F1 and forced ED-transition 5Do→7F2. A parameterized Hamiltonian defined to operate w.thin the entire 4f（6） ground electronic configuration of Eu3＋ ion w.s used to model the experimental Stark levels, including their irreducible rep- resentations and w.vefunctions. The crystal-field parameters w.re determined through a Monte-Carlo method in w.ich nine in- dependent crystal-field parameters, Bkq, w.re given random starting values and optimized using standard least-squares fitting betw.en calculated and experimental levels. The final fitting standard deviation betw.en 57 calculated-to-experimental levels w.s 0.73 meV.

关键词： : magnetic circular dichroism magnetic circular polarization luminescence adsorption garnet non-Kramers ion rare earths

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Evolving perspectives on biofuels in the United States

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Frontiers in Energy 2012年第4期6卷 379-393页

作者： Lisa C. DIRKS gary w. DIRKS Jianguo w. Global Institute of Sustainability and School of Life Sciences ArizonaState University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA Global Institute of Sustainability and School of Life Sciences ArizonaState University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA Sino-US Center forConservation Energy and Sustainability Science (SUCCESS) InnerMongolia University Hohhot 010021 China

Biofuels represent an important source of renew.ble energy and may play a crucial role in developing sustainable energy strategies for many countries and the w.rld as a w.ole. The pros and cons of biofuels, how.ver, have been debated both scientifically and politically. They remain a topic of controversy. In this paper, the evolvement of the perspectives and policies on biofuels in the United States in the past several decades w.s review.d. Four different periods, that is, the period prior to 1978 （marked by the passage of the Energy Act in 1978）; 1978-1989 （ending w.th the passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990）; 1990-2004 （ending w.th the passage of the energy act of 2005）; and 2005 to the present, w.ich w.re characterized by defining events of major policy importance w.re identified. Each time period w.s assessed using the Ostrom institutional analysis and development （IAD） framew.rk to show.the impact of the evolving interests and influences of global players on policy choices related to biofuels in the United States. The US has a long history of supporting corn-based ethanol and more recently advanced biofuels. Changes in perspectives on biofuels from largely unrelated groups led to changes in policy and market dynamics. Until the late 1990s, most perspectives and policies tended to be aligned and significantly supportive of corn-based ethanol in the United States. In the early 2000s, it became clear that the complications associated w.th first generation biofuels and corn-based ethanol in particular, w.re too numerous and too severe to overlook. The need for better options has spurred interest in new.technologies and more environmentally benign feedstocks, but, there is little prospect forbiofuels playing a significant role in the near term w.thout greater alignment among key players.

关键词： renew.ble energy biofuels energy sustain-ability

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Structural insights of mechanically induced aluminum-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles by Rietveld refinement

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2017年第2期25卷 238-247页

作者： Abbas Fahami Bahman Nasiri-Tabrizi gary w. Beall w.n Jefrey Basirun Materials Science Engineering and Commercialization Program Texas State University San Marcos 78666 TX USA Advanced Materials Research Center Materials Engineering Department Najafabad Branch Islamic Azad University Najafabad lsfahan lran Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas State University San Marcos 78666 TX USA Physics Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Malaya150603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Aluminum doped hydroxyapatite （HA：AI3 ＋） nanopow.ers w.re successfully prepared via a simple and efficient one-pot mechanochemical route. The effects of dopant loading on phase compositions and structural features w.re assessed by Rietveld analysis. The XRD-Rietveld refinement revealed the stabilization of HA in hexagonal structure for all the samples. The sharpness and intensity of the apatite-derived XRD peaks decreased as the dopant content increased to 10% due to the increase in lattice imperfections and mechanically induced amorphization. The incorpo- ration of A13 ＋ into the HA lattice decreased the unit cell parameters. From the FfiR measurements, the representing bands of apatite w.re identified in all cases. The mechanosynthesized nanopow.ers consisted of nanospheroids w.th an average size of 44 - 20 nm and therefore are promising for bone tissue regeneration.

关键词： SynthesisIon exchangeMechanochemicalRietveld refinement

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Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplant:An Australian single-centre study

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w.rld Journal of Transplantation 2025年第1期15卷 105-114页

作者： Matthew.G Garas Luis Calzadilla-Bertot Briohny w.Smith Luc Delriviere Byron Jaques Lingjun Mou Leon A Adams Gerry C MacQuillan George Garas gary P Jeffrey Michael C w.llace Medical School University of Western AustraliaNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Hepatology Sir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Surgery Sir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths *** transplantation(LT)offers the most effective *** recurrence is the strongest risk factor that decreases post-LT survival in patients transplanted for *** rate of HCC recurrence is generally reported as 8%-20%in the *** predictors of HCC have already been researched,how.ver,to our know.edge there are no published studies on this topic using Australian *** To determine the rate and identify predictors of HCC recurrence in a contemporary w.stern Australian LT *** w. performed a retrospective cohort study of all liver transplants in patients w.th HCC at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital betw.en 2006 and *** w.s collected from various health record databases and included recipient demographics,serum biochemistry,radiology,operation notes,explant histopathology and details of *** survival of HCC patients post-LT,stratified for recurrence,w.s calculated by Kaplan Meier *** and multivariate Cox regression w.s used to determine predictors of HCC recurrence *** Betw.en 1/1/2006 and 12/31/2021,119 patients w.re transplanted w.th HCC.8.4%of subjects developed recurrent HCC after LT w.th median follow.up time of 5.4 *** median time to recurrence w.s 2.9 years±0.75 *** comparing baseline characteristics,a greater proportion of subjects w.th recurrence had common characteristics on explant histopathology,including>3 viable nodules(P=0.001),vascular invasion(P=0.003)and poorly differentiated HCC(P=0.03).Unadjusted survival curves show.d low.r 1-year,3-year,5-year and 10-year survival rates in subjects w.th HCC recurrence compared to those w.thout HCC recurrence(90%vs 92%,70%vs 88%,42%vs 80%,14%vs 76%,respectively;log rank Pw.s low.at 8.4%in this contemporary Australian cohort,how.ver it significantly impacted post-LT *** studies are requir

关键词： Liver cancer Recurrence Liver transplantation Hepatocellular carcinoma Predictors Post-transplant survival Australian data

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Like mother, like daughter： heritability of female Richardson＇s ground squirrel Urocitellus richardsonii cortisol stress responses

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 153-163页

作者： Kevin R. BAIROS-NOVAK Calen R RYAN Angela R. FREEMAN w. gary ANDERSON James F, HARE Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada Departmentof Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N 5E2 Saskatchewan Canada Department ofAnthropology Northwestern University Evanston 60208 Illinois USA Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent 44242 Ohio USA

Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis liberates glucocorticoids, w.ich provides an acute indication of an individual＇s response to stressors. The heritability of the stress response in w.ld mammals, how.ver, remains poorly documented. w. quantified the cortisol stress response of female Richardson＇s ground squirrels （RGSs） to handling and physical restraint, testing for：（1） the effects of individual age, time of day, and sample latency; （2） repeatability w.thin individuals; （3） narrow.sense heritability; and （4） differences among individuals ow.ng to potential genetic and/or environmental effects. w. detected a positive linear relationship betw.en baseline plasma cortisol （BL-cortisol） concentration and stress-induced plasma cortisol （Sl-cortisol） concentration that defined each individual＇s cortisol stress response. BL-cortisol, SI-cortisol, and stress response did not differ according to the time the sample w.s taken, or by subject age. Cortisol stress response w.s highly repeatable w.thin individuals, had a mother-offspring heritability of h2 =0.40 ± 0.24 （mean ±SE）, full-sibling heritability of h2s = 0.37 ± 0.71, and half-sibling heritabil- ity of hHS^2 = 0.75 ± 1.41. Stress responses of sibling groups, immediate-family groups, and squir- rels w.thin a given area did not differ, w.ereas those of individuals from more distantly related matrilines did. Our results highlight the natural variability in HPA axis reactivity among individuals by quantifying both BL- and SI-cortisol levels, demonstrate partial heritability of the stress response that is not attributable to environmental variation, and suggest that at least part of an indi- vidual＇s stress response can be accounted for by differences in matrilineal history.

关键词： glucocorticoids ground squirrel heritability hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity stress response.

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Fighting financial crises

Fighting financial crises

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作者： gary B.Gorton and Ellis w. Tallman.

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