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Legacy earthen berms influence vegetation and hydrologic complexity in the Altar Valley,Arizona

International soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 755-763页

作者： Mary H.Nichols sara E.Duke Chandra Holifield collins Lauren Thompson southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS2000 E.Allen Rd.TucsonAZ85719USA southern Plains Area Research Center USDA-ARSSPARCCollege StationTX77845USA University of Arizona College of Science GraduateTucsonAZ85719USA

Across the American southwest water development has played a critical role in managing *** berms have been constructed throughout Us rangelands to manage runoff and reduce *** berms altered runoff patterns to increase soil moisture with positive local vegetative ***,altered runoff patterns can be considered a disturbance that affects broader scale vegetation *** hypothesized that the hydrologic impacts of earthen berms in semiarid rangelands will be reflected in contrasting upslope and downslope vegetation patterns.A supervised classification of grass,shrubs,and bare soil was performed using orthographic imagery taken in June 2016 to quantify the effects of 181 earthen berms in the uplands and floodplain of the Altar Valley in southern Arizona,*** berms blocked runoff,creating downslope runoff"shadows"within which the precipitation is the dominant water *** documented more bare soil downslope of intact berms in comparison with *** and shrub cover affected by berms were related to soil *** and shrub cover were not different above and below intact berms on fine textured soils,but on sites with coarser textured soil,grass cover was lower downslope of *** breaches occurred on coarser textured soils,the up and downslope differences in grass cover *** study points to the role of conservation structures in adding additional complexity to already heterogeneous landscapes by creating patchwork assemblages of vegetation and bare soil proximal to earthen runoff and erosion control berms.

关键词： Legacy conservation structure Earthen bank Earthen berm Land degradation Rangeland

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Disturbance cue communication is shaped by emitter diet and receiver background risk in Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 433-440页

作者： Jack A Goldman Adam L Crane Laurence E A Feyten Emily collins Grant E Brown Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQCCanada H4B 1R6

In animal communication systems,individuals that detect a cue(i.e.,“receivers”)are often influenced by characteristics of the cue *** instance,in many species,receivers avoid chemical cues that are released by emitters experiencing *** chemical“disturbance cues”appear to benefit receivers by warning them about nearby danger,such as a predator’s *** the active ingredients in disturbance cues have been largely unexplored,by-products of metabolized protein are thought to play a role for some *** so,the content(quality)and volume(quantity)of the emitter’s diet should affect their disturbance cues,thus altering how receivers perceive the cues and *** Poecilia reticulata are a species known to discriminate among disturbance cues from different types of donors,but dietary variation has yet to be *** this study,we found evidence that diet quality and quantity can affect disturbance cues released by guppy emitters(i.e.,experimental“donors”).Receivers discriminated between donor cue treatments,responding more strongly to cues from donors fed a protein-rich bloodworm diet(Experiment 1),as well as an overall larger diet(Experiment 2).We also found that receivers exposed to higher background risk were more sensitive to disturbance cue variation,with the strongest avoidance responses displayed by high-risk receivers toward disturbance cues from donors fed the high-quality ***,diet,and perhaps protein specifically,affects either the concentration or composition of disturbance cues released by *** variation may be important in information signaling in social species like the guppy.

关键词： alarm cues chemical cues diet quality diet quantity protein

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Degradation and mineralization of 2-chloro-, 3-chloro- and 4-chlorobiphenyl by a newly characterized natural bacterial strain isolated from an electrical transformer fluid-contaminated soil

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2008年第10期20卷 1250-1257页

作者： Matthew O.Ilori gary K.Robinson sunday A.Adebusoye Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Lagos Akoka Yaba Lagos Nigeria Department of Biosciences University of Kent Canterbury Kent CT2 7NJ United Kingdom

A bacterium classified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain IR08 by phenotypic typing coupled with 16s rRNA gene analysis was isolated from a soil contaminated with electrical transformer ?uid for over sixty years using Aroclor 1221 as an enrichment substrate. The substrate utilization profiles revealed that IR08 could grow on all three monochlorobiphenyls (CBs), 2,4’- and 4,4’-dichlorobiphenyl as well as 2-chlorobenzoate (2-CBA), 3-CBA, 4-CBA, and 2,3-dichlorobenzoate. Unusually, growth was poorly sustaine...

关键词： aerobic degradation chlorobenzoates mineralization monochlorobiphenyls natural strain polychlorinated biphenyls

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Boosting extraction of Pb in contaminated soil via interfacial solar evaporation of multifunctional sponge

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第5期8卷 1459-1468页

作者： Pan Wu Xuan Wu Yida Wang Jingyuan Zhao Haolan Xu gary Owens Future Industries Institute UniSA STEMUniversity of South AustraliaMawson Lakes CampusSA 5095Australia

Interfacial solar water evaporation is a reliable way to accelerate water evaporation and contaminant *** the recent advance in photothermal technology,a functional sponge was prepared by coating a sodium alginate(sA)impregnated sponge with a surface layer of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)to act as a photothermal conversion medium and then subsequently evaluated for its ability to enhance Pb extraction from contaminated soil driven by interfacial solar *** sA loaded sponge had a Pb adsorption capacity of 107.4 mg g^(-1).Coating the top surface of the sA sponge with rGO increased water evaporation performance to 1.81 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)in soil media under one sun illumination and with a wind velocity of 2 m s^(-1).Over 12 continuous days of indoor evaporation testing,the Pb extraction efficiency was increased by 22.0%under 1 sun illumination relative to that observed without ***,Pb extraction was further improved by 48.9%under outdoor evaporation conditions compared to indoor ***,this initial work shows the significant potential of interfacial solar evaporation technologies for Pb contaminated soil remediation,which should also be applicable to a variety of other environmental contaminants.

关键词： Photothermal materials Interfacial solar evaporation Reduced graphene oxide Pb extraction soil remediation

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Multinational corporations and infectious disease: Embracing human rights management techniques

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 354-366,353页

作者： Kendyl salcito Burton H singer Mitchell G Weiss Mirko s Winkler gary R Krieger Mark Wielga Jürg Utzinger Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteP.O.BoxCH-4002BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003BaselSwitzerland NomoGaia 1900 Wazee StreetSuite 303DenverCO 80202USA NewFields LLCDenverCO 80202USA Emerging Pathogens Institute University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610USA

Background:Global health institutions have called for governments,international organisations and health practitioners to employ a human rights-based approach to infectious *** motivation for a human rights approach is clear:poverty and inequality create conditions for infectious diseases to thrive,and the diseases,in turn,interact with social-ecological systems to promulgate poverty,inequity and *** and intergovernmental organisations should be concerned with the control and elimination of these diseases,as widespread infections delay economic growth and contribute to higher healthcare costs and slower processes for realising universal human *** social determinants and economic outcomes associated with infectious diseases should interest multinational companies,partly because they have bearing on corporate productivity and,increasingly,because new global norms impose on companies a responsibility to respect human rights,including the right to ***:We reviewed historical and recent developments at the interface of infectious diseases,human rights and multinational *** investigation was supplemented with field-level insights at corporate capital projects that were developed in areas of high endemicity of infectious diseases,which embraced rights-based disease control ***:Experience and literature provide a longstanding business case and an emerging social responsibility case for corporations to apply a human rights approach to health programmes at global ***,in an increasingly globalised and interconnected world,multinational corporations have an interest,and an important role to play,in advancing rights-based control strategies for infectious ***:There are new opportunities for governments and international health agencies to enlist corporate business actors in disease control and elimination *** offered by the United Nations in 2011 that is widel

关键词： Infectious diseases Human rights systems-based interventions Multinational corporations Corporate social responsibility

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The occurrence,inheritance,and segregation of complex genomic structural variation in synthetic Brassica napus

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 515-528页

作者： Dandan Hu Jin Lu Wenwen Li Yinghui Yang Junxiong Xu Han Qin Hao Wang Yan Niu Huaiqi Zhang Qingqing Liu Xiangxiang He Annaliese s.Mason JChris Pires Zhiyong Xiong Jun Zou National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002HenanChina Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010070Inner MongoliaChina Plant Breeding Department University of BonnBonn 53115Germany Department of soil and Crop sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA

"synthetic"allopolyploids recreated by interspecific hybridization play an important role in providing novel genomic variation for crop *** synthetic allopolyploids often undergo rapid genomic structural variation(sV).However,how such sV arises,is inherited and fixed,and how it affects important traits,has rarely been comprehensively and quantitively studied in advanced generation synthetic lines.A better understanding of these processes will aid breeders in knowing how to best utilize synthetic allopolyploids in breeding ***,we analyzed three genetic mapping populations(735 DH lines)derived from crosses between advanced synthetic and conventional Brassica napus(rapeseed)lines,using whole-genome sequencing to determine genome *** observed high tolerance of large structural variants,particularly toward the telomeres,and preferential selection for balanced homoeologous exchanges(duplication/deletion events between the A and C genomes resulting in retention of gene/chromosome dosage between homoeologous chromosome pairs),including stable events involving whole chromosomes("pseudoeuploidy").Given the experimental design(all three populations shared a common parent),we were able to observe that parental sV was regularly inherited,showed genetic hitchhiking effects on segregation,and was one of the major factors inducing adjacent novel and larger ***,novel sV occurred at low frequencies with no significant impacts on observed fertility and yield-related traits in the advanced generation synthetic ***,incorporating genome-wide sV in linkage mapping explained significantly more genetic variance for *** results provide a framework for detecting and understanding the occurrence and inheritance of genomic sV in breeding programs,and support the use of synthetic parents as an important source of novel trait variation.

关键词： Allopolyploid Large Genome structural variation Linkage mapping synthetic polyploids Inheritance and segregation

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Distribution,structure and biosynthetic gene families of(1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in sorghum bicolor

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第4期57卷 429-445页

作者： Riksfardini A.Ermawar Helen M.collins Caitlin s.Byrt Natalie s.Betts Marilyn Henderson Neil J.shirley Julian schwerdt Jelle Lahnstein Geoffrey B.Fincher Rachel A.Burton Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls University of Adelaide

In cereals, the presence of soluble polysaccharides including（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan has downstream implications for human health, animal feed and biofuel applications. sorghum bicolor（L.） Moench is a versatile crop, but there are limited reports regarding the content of such soluble ***, the amount of（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan present in sorghum tissues was measured using a Megazyme assay. Very low amounts were present in the grain, ranging from 0.16%–0.27%（w/w）, while there was a greater quantity in vegetative tissues at 0.12–1.71%（w/w）. The fine structure of（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan, as denoted by the ratio of cellotriosyl and cellotetraosyl residues,was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） and ranged from 2.6–3：1 in the grain, while ratios in vegetative tissues were lower at 2.1–2.6：1. The distribution of（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan was examined using a specific antibody and observed with fl uorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Micrographs showed a variable distribution of（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan in fl uenced by temporal and spatial factors. The sorghum orthologs of genes implicated in the synthesis of（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan in other cereals, such as the Cellulose synthase-like（Csl） F and H gene families were de *** pro filing of these genes across sorghum tissues was carried out using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, indicating that, as in other cereals, Csl F6 transcripts dominated.

关键词： Cellulose synthase-like genes cell wall composition mixed-linkage glucan grain sorghum

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Protecting the delivery of heart failure: Regenerative Medicine/stem Cell Therapeutics:Potential protections afforded by the Department of Health and Human services and Health Resources service Administration’s Bureau of special Programs

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2006年第3期3卷 171-180页

作者： gary s Friedman John s. Tomicki Neil Cohen Robert Marshal Philip Lowry Jeffrey Warsh New Jersey stem Cell Research & Education Foundation International Regenerative Medicine Incorporated New Jersey state Legislature Virginia state Legislature New Jersey stem Cell Research & Education Foundation University of Massachusetts Stem Cell Transplant Program

Advances in stem cell science and potential clinical applications have brought clinical medicine closer to the actualization of Regenerative Medicine—an extension of transplantation of organs and cells and implantation of bioprosthetics and biodevices. The goal of such therapeutics will be intervention prior to onset of severe individual disability, enhance organ function and enhance patient performance status without incurring the economic impacts of standard organ transplantation. Regenerative Medicine is already demonstrating proof of principle or efficacy in restora- tion of myocardial contractility, joint mobility and function, immune competence, pulmonary function, immunologic self- tolerance, motor function and normal hemoglobin production with the next targets—diabetes mellitus (type I and type II), neurologic injury, hepatic dysfunction preparing to enter trials. Expenditures on health care needs of an aging U.s. citizenry approximate 20-25% ($3 trillion) of U.s. GDP currently and may to grow to 40% of U.s. GDP by 2025. As the potential of Regenerative Medicine is clinically realized, the societal impact and economic benefits will be disproportionately magnified in the economies of industrialized nations. The experi- ence of the Department of Health and Human services (HHs), United Network for Organ sharing (UNOs), the National Bone Marrow Donor Registry (NBMDR), and the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Programs (NVICP) can help ensure that as Regenerative Medicine strives to achieve clinical benefits while avoiding decimation of therapeutic options by product liability and medical malpractice concerns—concerns that crippled the U.s. vaccine manufacturing industry until the creation of the NVICP. The first 50 years of organ/cell/tissue transplantation demonstrates that clinical reality of allogeneic and autologous transplantation can antedate complete understanding of the basic science underlying successful transplantation. Product liability and medical

关键词： regenerative medicine stem cell heart failure

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Nitric oxide: promoter or suppressor of programmed cell death?

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Protein & Cell 2010年第2期1卷 133-142页

作者： Yiqin Wang Chen Chen gary J.Loake Chengcai Chu National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Centre for Plant Gene Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083China Institute of Molecular Plant sciences School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghKing’s BuildingsEdinburgh EH93JRUnited Kingdom

Nitric oxide(NO)is a short-lived gaseous free radical that predominantly functions as a messenger and effector *** affects a variety of physiological processes,including programmed cell death(PCD)through cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)-dependent and-independent *** this field,dominant discoveries are the diverse apoptosis networks in mammalian cells,which involve signals primarily via death receptors(extrinsic pathway)or the mitochondria(intrinsic pathway)that recruit caspases as effector *** plants,PCD shares some similarities with animal cells,but NO is involved in PCD induction via interacting with pathways of *** has both promoting and suppressing effects on cell death,depending on a variety of factors,such as cell type,cellular redox status,and the flux and dose of local *** this article,we focus on how NO regulates the apoptotic signal cascade through protein s-nitrosylation and review the recent progress on mechanisms of PCD in both mammalian and plant cells.

关键词： nitric oxide s-nitrosylation programmed cell death

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Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease:Targets for potential treatments

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2017年第1期6卷 256-290页

作者： Panchanan Maiti Jayeeta Manna gary L.Dunbar Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology Mt.PleasantMI 48859USA Program in Neuroscience Mt.PleasantMI 48859USA Department of Psychology Central Michigan UniversityMt.PleasantMI 48859USA Field Neurosciences Institute St.Mary’s of MichiganSaginawMI 48604USA Department of Biology Saginaw Valley State UniversitySaginawMI 48604USA Department of Physiology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN 38105USA

Gradual degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra,pars compacta and subsequent reduction of dopamine levels in striatum are associated with motor deficits that characterize Parkinson’s disease(PD).In addition,half of the PD patients also exhibit frontostriatal-mediated executive dysfunction,including deficits in attention,short-term working memory,speed of mental processing,and *** most commonly used treatments for PD are only partially or transiently effective and are available or applicable to a minority of ***,these therapies neither restore the lost or degenerated dopaminergic neurons,nor prevent or delay the disease progression,the need for more effective therapeutics is *** this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the molecular signaling pathways involved in PD,particularly within the context of how genetic and environmental factors contribute to the initiation and progression of this *** involvement of molecular chaperones,autophagy-lysosomal pathways,and proteasome systems in PD are also *** addition,emerging therapies,including pharmacological manipulations,surgical procedures,stem cell transplantation,gene therapy,as well as complementary,supportive and rehabilitation therapies to prevent or delay the progression of this complex disease are reviewed.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Neurodegeneration Protein misfolding Molecular chaperones Cell therapy

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