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Endogenous testoster.ne and mor.ality r.sk

Asian Jour.al of Andr.logy 2018年第2期20卷 115-119页

作者： Emily J Meye gary Witter. Endocr.ne Diabetes and Metabolic Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital Port Road SA 5000 Australia Discipline of Medicine University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5000 Australia Discipline of Medicine and Fr.emasons Foundation Centr. for.Men's Health University of Adelaide SA 5000 Australia

In men, obesity and metabolic complications ar. associated with lower.ser.m testoster.ne （T） and dihydr.testoster.ne （DHT） and an incr.ased r.sk of, and mor.ality fr.m, multiple chr.nic diseases in addition to car.iovascular.disease （CVD）. The causal inter.elationships between these factor. r.main a matter.of debate. In men with untr.ated congenital and lifelong for.s of hypogonadotr.pic hypogonadism, ther. appear. to be no incr.ased r.sk. Men with Klinefelter.s syndr.me have an incr.ased r.sk of var.ous types of cancer., as well as CVD, which per.ist despite T ther.py. In the absence of pathology of the hypothalamic-pituitar.- gonadal axis, the effect of modest r.ductions in ser.m T in aging men is unclear. The pr.valence of low ser.m T concentr.tions is high in men with cancer. r.nal disease, and r.spir.tor. disease and is likely to be an indicator.of sever.ty of systemic disease, not hypogonadism. Some population-based studies have found low ser.m T to be associated with a higher.r.sk of deaths attr.buted to cancer. r.nal disease, and r.spir.tor. disease, while other. have not. Although a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies has shown an association between low ser.m T and all-cause mor.ality, mar.ed heter.geneity between studies limited a fir. conclusion. Ther.for., while a decr.ase in T par.icular.y occur.ing later.in life may be associated with an incr.ase in all-cause and specific types of mor.ality in men, the differ.ntial effects, if any, of T and other.sex ster.ids as compar.d to health and lifestyle factor. ar. unknown at the cur.ent time.

关键词： hypogonadism mor.ality testoster.ne

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Pr.vention and ther.py of squamous cell car.inoma of the r.dent esophagus using fr.eze-dr.ed black r.spber.ies

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Acta Phar.acologica Sinica 2007年第9期28卷 1422-1428页

作者： gary D STONEr.r.beena M AZIZ Division of Hematology and Oncology and Compr.hensive Cancer.Center Division of Envir.nmental Health Sciences College of Public HealthThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USAUS Food and Drug AdministrationCenter for Drug Evaluation and ResearchSilver SpringMD 20903USA

Aim:This study was conducted to deter.ine if shor.-ter. tr.atment of N-nitr.somethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced tumor. in the r.t esophagus withdietar. fr.eze-dr.ed black r.spber.ies (FBr. would r.sult in tumor.r.gr.ssion andenhanced sur.ival of the ***:Four.week-old male Fisher.344 r.tswer. administer.d an AIN-76A contr.l diet and injected subcutaneously with 0.5mg/kg NMBA once per.week for.15 *** 19 weeks,when r.ts had an aver.geof 5-6 tumor. (papillomas) per.esophagus,they wer. given a contr.l diet contain-ing either.5%,10%,or.20% *** 7 weeks of ber.y tr.atment,all sur.ivingr.ts wer. killed and tumor.incidence,number.and volume wer. ***:Esophageal tumor.incidences,number. and volumes in NMBA-tr.ated r.ts wer.not influenced by any of the ber.y *** wer. pr.gr.ssive incr.asesin the sur.ival of NMBA-tr.ated r.ts fed 5%-20% FBr.diets;however.theseincr.ases wer. not ***:FBr.at 5%,10%,and 20% of the diethad no effect on the development of NMBA-induced tumor. in the r.t esophagusor.on animal sur.ival when administer.d for.7 weeks beginning at the papillomastage of tumor.***,FBr.appear.to have no ther.peutic value inthe tr.atment of esophageal *** contr.st,dietar. FBr.ar. highly effectivein pr.venting the development of NMBA-induced esophageal tumor. in r.ts whenadminister.d befor. and dur.ng NMBA tr.atment or.shor.ly after.NMBA tr.at-ment when the esophagi contain pr.neoplastic (dysplastic) lesions of var.ingdegr.es of sever.ty.

关键词： chemopr.vention ther.py esophagus squamous cell car.inoma r.dent black r.spber.ies

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Topogr.phic Influence on Wetland Distr.bution and Change in Maduo County, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

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Jour.al of Mountain Science 2012年第3期9卷 362-371页

作者： Jay GAO LI Xilai gary Br.Er.EY School of Envir.nment University of Auckland lo Symonds Street Auckland New Zealand College of Agr.cultur. andAnimal Husbandr. Qinghai University Xining 810016 China

Accur.te infor.ation on the spatial distr.bution and tempor.l change of wetlands is vital to devise effective measur.s for.their.pr.tection. This study uses satellite images in 1994 and 2001 to assess the effects of topogr.phy and pr.ximity to channels on wetland change in Maduo County on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, wester. China. In 1994 wetlands in the study ar.a extended over.6,780.0 km2. They wer. distr.buted widely thr.ughout the county, with a higher.concentr.tion in the south, and wer. especially pr.minent close to str.ams. The patter. of wetlands demonstr.ted a bell-shaped distr.bution cur.e with elevation, r.nging over.hill slopes with gr.dients fr.m 0-19°, the commonest gr.dient being ar.und 3°. Although the aspects of these hill slopes r.nge over.all dir.ctions, ther. is a lower.concentr.tion of wetlands facing east and southeast. The extent of wetlands in 2001 decr.ased to 6,181.1 km2. Mar.ed spatial differ.ntiation in the patter. of wetlands is evident, as their.ar.a incr.ased by 1,193.3 km2 at lower.elevations but decr.ased by 1,792.2 km2 at higher.gr.und, r.sulting in a net decr.ase of 598.8 km2. In ar.as with a gr.dient r.>9° the ar.a of wetlands r.mained appr.ximately consistent fr.m 1994-2001. Newly r.tained wetlands ar. situated in r.latively flat lowland ar.as, with no evident pr.fer.nce in ter.s of aspect. Wetlands on nor.h-, east- and nor.heast-facing hillslopes with a bear.ng of 1-86° wer. mor. pr.ne to loss of ar.a than other.or.entations. The alter.d patter. of wetland distr.bution fr.m higher.to lower.elevation on nor.h-facing slopes coincided with the doubling of annual temper.tur. dur.ng the same per.od, suggesting that climate war.ing could be an impor.ant cause.

关键词： Wetland change detection Topogr.phicinfluence r.mote Sensing GIS Qinghai-TibetPlateau

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Biochar.der.ved fr.m paper.ill factor.es impr.ves soil physical and hydr.ulic pr.per.ies in no-till cotton fields

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 603-620页

作者： Yuanyuan Li gary Feng Haile Tewolde School of Agr.cultur.l Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China USDA-Ar. Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research UnitMississippi StateMS 39762USA State Key Lab.of Soil Er.sion and Dr.land Far.ing On the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F Univ.Yangling 712100ShaanxiChina

Whether.biochar.pr.duced as a by-pr.duct of ener.y gener.tion fr.m the paper.ill industr.,and often disposed in landfills,can be gainfully applied to commer.ial cr.plands has not been *** objective of this study was to investigate the physical and hydr.ulic pr.per.ies of soils in commer.ial cotton fields managed as no-till systems following r.peated applications of biochar.gener.ted as a waste of a paper.ill *** cor.s and distur.ed soil samples wer. collected fr.m 0-5 and 5-10 cm layer. fr.m five commer.ial no-till fields in Mississippi,USA that r.ceived 6.7 Mg ha^(−1) year.(−1) biochar.for.0,2,3,5 or.10 year..A number.of physical,hydr.ulic,and chemical pr.per.ies of these samples wer. measur.d in the *** r.sults showed that biochar.r.duced the degr.e of soil compactness and incr.ased soil aggr.gation and str.ctur.l stability *** findings wer. par.icular.y appar.nt for.the 10 year. of consecutive application,which incr.ased soil aggr.gate stability by up to 67%,r.duced bulk density fr.m 1.40 to 1.26 g cm^(−3),and r.duced degr.e of compactness fr.m 73.2%to 62.8%.Biochar.incr.ased soil por.sity but much of this incr.ase(55%)occur.ed for.small por.s(r.ge por.s(0.5-50μm)or.tr.nsmission por.s(>50μm).Consequently,biochar.incr.ased soil field capacity by up to 26%,but PAW incr.ased by only 17%.Biochar.significantly incr.ased soil physical quality index scor. in the 0-5 cm layer.fr.m 0.16 to 0.26 and the incr.ase was positively cor.elated with the number.of year. of *** r.sults suggest biochar.gener.ted as a bypr.duct of paper.ill could be land-applied in r.al-wor.d cr.p pr.duction systems to impr.ve soil health as an alter.ative to disposal in landfills.

关键词： Biochar Paper.ill Disposal Commer.ial no-till cotton field Plant available water Soil physical quality index(SPQI)

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Pr.ming of antiher.ivor. defensive r.sponses in plants

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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 273-285页

作者： Jinwon Kim gary W. Felton Depar.ment of Entomology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States

Abstr.ct Defense pr.ming is defined as incr.ased r.adiness of defense induction. A gr.wing body of liter.tur. indicates that plants （or.intact par.s of a plant） ar. pr.med in anticipation of impending envir.nmental str.sses, both biotic and abiotic, and upon the following stimulus, induce defenses mor. quickly and str.ngly. For.instance, some plants pr.viously exposed to her.ivor.-inducible plant volatiles （HIPVs） fr.m neighbor.ng plants under.her.ivor. attack show faster.or.str.nger.defense activation and enhanced insect r.sistance when challenged with secondar. insect feeding. r.sear.h on pr.ming of antiher.ivor. defense has been limited to the HIPV-mediated mechanism until r.cently, but significant advances wer. made in the past thr.e year., including non-HIPV-mediated defense pr.ming, epigenetic modifications as the molecular.mechanism of pr.ming, and other.. It is timely to consider.the advances in r.sear.h on defense pr.ming in the plant- insect inter.ctions.

关键词： defense pr.ming epigenetic modifications plant-insect inter.ctions

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Flood r.silience Building in Thailand: Assessing Pr.gr.ss and the Effect of Leader.hip

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Disaster.r.sk Science 2018年第1期9卷 44-54页

作者： Sompor. Khunwishit Chanisada Choosuk gary Webb Faculty of Management Sciences Prince of Songkla University Faculty of Envir.nmental Management Prince of Songkla University Emer.ency Management and Disaster.Science (EMDS)Depar.ment College of Health and Public Service University of North Texas

Disaster.r.sk r.duction has become a global str.tegy for.making cities mor. r.silient since the establishment of the Hyogo Fr.mewor. for.Action in 2005. The question that still challenges emer.ency management scholar. and pr.fessionals, however. is what contr.butes to the pr.gr.ss of r.silience building. Pr.vious liter.tur. suggests that disaster.r.silience can be attr.butable to multiple factor., including leader.hip. But the specific abilities that help leader. pr.mote r.silience have not yet been examined empir.cally. To addr.ss this pr.blem, using the United Nations Inter.ational Str.tegy for.Disaster.r.duction 10 Essentials for.Making Cities r.silient as guidelines, we assessed the pr.gr.ss of flood r.silience building in Thailand and its r.lationship to local gover.ment leader.' abilities. Our.r.sear.h showed that, since the flood disaster.in 2011, municipalities in Thailand have made moder.te pr.gr.ss in flood r.silience building. The r.sults of a multiple r.gr.ssion analysis r.vealed that disaster.r.silience leader.hip abilities have had a statistically significant, positive effect on the pr.gr.ss of flood r.silience building. Our.findings under.cor. the r.le of leader.hip in making cities mor. r.silient and shed light on how local gover.ment leader. can contr.bute to the pr.gr.ss ofdisaster.r.sk r.duction. We also outline the academic implications and pr.ctical contr.butions of our.r.sear.h.

关键词： Disaster.management Disaster.r.silience leader.hip Disaster.r.sk r.duction Flood r.silience building Thailand

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Chr.mosomal disor.er. and male infer.ility

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Asian Jour.al of Andr.logy 2012年第1期14卷 32-39,175页

作者： gary L Har.on Helen G Tempest r.pr.genetics Livingston NJ 07039 USA Depar.ment of Human and Molecular.Genetics Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International University Miami FL 33132 USA

Infer.ility in humans is sur.r.singly common occur.ing in appr.ximately 15% of the population wishing to star. a family. Despite this, the molecular.and genetic factor. under.ying the cause of infer.ility r.main lar.ely undiscover.d. Never.heless, mor. and mor. genetic factor. associated with infer.ility ar. being identified. This r.view will focus on our.cur.ent under.tanding of the chr.mosomal basis of male infer.ility specifically： chr.mosomal aneuploidy, str.ctur.l and numer.cal kar.otype abnor.alities and Y chr.mosomal micr.deletions. Chr.mosomal aneuploidy is the leading cause of pr.gnancy loss and developmental disabilities in humans. Aneuploidy is pr.dominantly mater.al in or.gin, but concer.s have been r.ised r.gar.ing the safety of intr.cytoplasmic sper. injection as infer.ile men have significantly higher.levels of sper. aneuploidy compar.d to their.fer.ile counter.ar.s. Males with numer.cal or.str.ctur.l kar.otype abnor.alities ar. also at an incr.ased r.sk of pr.ducing aneuploid sper.. Our.cur.ent under.tanding of how sper. aneuploidy tr.nslates to embr.o aneuploidy will be r.viewed, as well as the application of pr.implantation genetic diagnosis （PGD） in such cases. Clinical r.commendations wher. possible will be made, as well as discussion of the use of emer.ing ar.ay technology in PGD and its potential applications in male infer.ility.

关键词： chr.mosomal aneuploidy chr.mosomal tr.nslocation intr.cytoplasmic sper. injection in vitr. fer.ilization male infer.ility non-disjunction pr.implantation genetic diagnosis Y-chr.mosome micr.deletion

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Papillar. thyr.id cancer.and inflammator. bowel disease:Is ther. a r.lationship?

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.enter.logy 2013年第7期19卷 1079-1084页

作者： Ir.ne S Sonu Wojciech Blonski Ming Valer.e Lin James Lewis Faten Aber.a gary r.Lichtenstein Division of Inter.al Medicine Stanford University Hospital and ClinicsStanfordCA 94305United States Division of Inter.al Medicine UHS Wilson Medical CenterJohnson CityNY 13790United States Division of Digestive Diseases University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45229United States Division of Gastr.enter.logy Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19103United States

AIM:To for.ally study age of diagnosis of papillar. thyr.id cancer.PTC) in inflammator. bowel disease(IBD) patients and evaluate the pr.valence of PTC in IBD patients compar.d to a contr.l *** that patients with IBD ar. mor. likely to be diagnosed with PTC than a contr.l population.A r.tr.spective cohor. analysis was per.or.ed using the Univer.ity of Pennsylvania Health System's electr.nic *** fr.m 1998-2009 wer. included in the sear.h,and patients in the cohor. wer. selected based on ICD-9 *** cr.ter.a included the diagnosis of Cr.hn's disease(CD) or.ulcer.tive colitis(UC) and the concur.ent diagnosis of thyr.id cancer.in compar.son to a contr.l *** these methods 912 patients with CD and 1774 with UC wer. compar.d to 1638 diver.iculitis and 19 447 asthma *** wer. per.or.ed using cor.ected chisquar. *** pr.mar. outcome for.this study was the diagnosis of *** to conduct this study was obtained by the Institutional r.view Boar. at the Univer.ity of ***:The mean age was 47.5 year.(r.nge:18-102 year.) and 66% patients wer. *** analysis of var.ance model was used to compar. the age of PTC diagnosis between the CD,UC,asthma and diver.iculitis gr.ups,and a statistically significant differ.nce in age at PTC diagnosis was noted acr.ss all gr.ups(F = 6.35,df = 3,P = 0.0006).The age of PTC diagnosis in CD patients was statistically significantly lower.than UC,asthma,and diver.iculitis patients(aver.ge PTC diagnosis age for.CD 25,UC 49,asthma 45,diver.iculitis 63).After.covar.ing for.sex and age in 2009,the differ.nce in age at PTC diagnosis r.mained statistically significant(F = 4.13,df = 3,P = 0.0089).A total of 86 patients wer. diagnosed with *** patients(0.5%) with UC wer. diagnosed with *** with UC wer. not shown to be mor. likely to develop PTC [odds r.tio(Or.:1.544,95%CI 0.767-3.108] compar.d to asthma *** patients(0.4%) with CD wer.

关键词： Papillar. thyr.id cancer Inflammator. bowel disease Cr.hn disease Ulcer.tive colitis

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Influence of Indian mustar. (Br.ssica juncea) on r.izospher. soil solution chemistr. in long-ter. contaminated soils:A r.izobox study

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Jour.al of Envir.nmental Sciences 2010年第1期22卷 98-105页

作者： Kwon-r.e Kim gary Owens Soon-lK Kwon Climate Change & Agr.ecology Division Department of Agricultural EnvironmentNational Academy of Agricultural ScienceRDARepublic of Korea Centr. for.Envir.nmental r.sk Assessment and r.mediation University of South Australia

This study investigated the influence of Indian mustar. （Br.ssicajuncea） r.ot exudation on soil solution pr.per.ies （pH, dissolved or.anic car.on （DOC）, metal solubility） in the r.izospher. using a r.izobox. Measur.ment was conducted following the cultivation of Indian mustar. in the r.izobox filled four.differ.nt types of heavy metal contaminated soils （two alkaline soils and two acidic soils）. The gr.wth of Indian mustar. r.sulted in a significant incr.ase （by 0.6 pH units） in r.izospher. soil solution pH of acidic soils and only a slight incr.ase （〈 0.1 pH units） in alkaline soils. Fur.her.or., the DOC concentr.tion incr.ased by 17-156 mg/L in the r.izospher. r.gar.less of soil type and the extent of contamination, demonstr.ting the exudation of DOC fr.m r.ot. Ion chr.matogr.phic deter.ination showed a mar.ed incr.ase in the total dissolved or.anic acids （OAs） in r.izospher.. While r.ot exudates wer. obser.ed in all soils, the amount of DOC and OAs in soil solution var.ed consider.bly amongst differ.nt soils, r.sulting in significant changes to soil solution metals in the r.izospher.. For.example, the soil solution Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentr.tions incr.ased in the r.izospher. of alkaline soils compar.d to bulk soil following plant cultivation. In contr.st, the soluble concentr.tions of Cd, Pb, and Zn in acidic soils decr.ased in r.izospher. soil when compar.d to bulk soils. Besides the influence of pH and DOC on metal solubility, the incr.ase of heavy metal concentr.tion having high stability constant such as Cu and Pb r.sulted in a r.lease of Cd and Zn fr.m solid phase to liquid phase.

关键词： dissolved or.anic car.on heavy metals r.ot exudates solubility r.izospher. chemistr.

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IUGS Commission on Geoscience Edoucation, Tr.ining and Technology Tr.nsfer.（COGE） http ：//***/IUGSeducation/***

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Episodes 2006年第4期29卷 310-311页

作者： gary Lewis Wesley Hill The Geological Society of Amer.ca 3300 Penr.se Place Boulder Colorado 80301 USA 303-357-1043 The Geological Society of Amer.ca 3300 Penr.se Place Boulder Colorado 80301 USA

In pr.vious year., IUGS conducted a pr.gr.mme in the ar.a of Geoscience Education and Tr.ining. The pr.gr.mme was or.anised under.the status of a Wor.ing Gr.up or.a Commission. The IUGS level of activities in past year. in Geoscience Education （COGEOED） was gener.lly low and so the IUGS Executive Committee consider.d this body dor.ant. The IUGS Str.tegic Planning Committee r.commended in its r.por. that, ＇Technology-tr.nsfer.and geological education focusing on developing countr.es should continue to be key-activities of the IUGS＇.

关键词：地质科学地质工作地质科学教育行业交流

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