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Substrate topography as a powerful tool to modify glial cell biology and interactions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1390-1391页

作者： Pascal Achenbach Haktan Altinova gary A.Brook Institute of Neuropathology RWTH Aachen University Hospital Department of Neurosurgery RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen Germany Berlin State Office for Health and Social Affairs(LAGeSo) BerlinGermany

Traumatic injuries to the central nervous system(CNS) result in disruption of the intricate network of axons which connect functionally related neurons that are widely distributed throughout the brain and spinal *** normal conditions,maintenance of this complex system is structurally and functionally supported by astrocytes (ACs)and other glial cells,the processes of which form a framework surrounding neuronal cell bodies,dendrites,axons,and synapses.

关键词： injuries topography system

Complement-dependent neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury:from pathology to therapeutic implications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1324-1335页

作者： Hassan Saad Bachar El Baba Ali Tfaily Firas Kobeissy Juanmarco Gutierrez Gonzalez Daniel Refai Gerald R.Rodts Christian Mustroph David Gimbel Jonathan Grossberg Daniel L.Barrow Matthew F.gary Ali M.Alawieh Department of Neurosurgery Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Center for Neurotrauma Multiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Spinal cord injury remains a major cause of disability in young adults,and beyond acute decompression and rehabilitation,there are no pharmacological treatments to limit the progression of injury and optimize recovery in this *** the thorough investigation of the complement system in triggering and propagating cerebral neuroinflammation,a similar role for complement in spinal neuroinflammation is a focus of ongoing *** this work,we survey the current literature investigating the role of complement in spinal cord injury including the sources of complement proteins,triggers of complement activation,and role of effector functions in the *** study relevant data demonstrating the different triggers of complement activation after spinal cord injury including direct binding to cellular debris,and or activation via antibody binding to damage-associated molecular *** effector functions of complement have been implicated in spinal cord injury,and we critically evaluate recent studies on the dual role of complement anaphylatoxins in spinal cord injury while emphasizing the lack of pathophysiological understanding of the role of opsonins in spinal cord *** this pathophysiological review,we systematically review the different translational approaches used in preclinical models of spinal cord injury and discuss the challenges for future translation into human *** review emphasizes the need for future studies to dissect the roles of different complement pathways in the pathology of spinal cord injury,to evaluate the phases of involvement of opsonins and anaphylatoxins,and to study the role of complement in white matter degeneration and regeneration using translational strategies to supplement genetic models.

关键词： complement neuroinflammation neuroplasticity regeneration spinal cord injury targeted therapy

The relationship between sleep disorders and testosterone in men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第2期16卷 262-265,I0009,I0010页

作者： gary Wittert Discipline of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia.

Plasma testosterone levels display circadian variation, peaking during sleep, and reaching a nadir in the late afternoon, with a superimposed ultradian rhythm with pulses every 90 min reflecting the underlying rhythm of pulsatile luteinizing hormone （LH） secretion. The increase in testosterone is sleep, rather than circadian rhythm, dependent and requires at least 3h of sleep with a normal architecture. Various disorders of sleep including abnormalities of sleep quality, duration, circadian rhythm disruption, and sleep-disordered breathing may result in a reduction in testosterone levels. The evidence, to support a direct effect of sleep restriction or circadian rhythm disruption on testosterone independent of an effect on sex hormone binding globulin （SHBG）, or the presence of comorbid conditions, is equivocal and on balance seems tenuous. Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） appears to have no direct effect on testosterone, after adjusting for age and obesity. However, a possible indirect causal process may exist mediated by the effect of OSA on obesity. Treatment of moderate to severe OSA with continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） does not reliably increase testosterone levels in most studies. In contrast, a reduction in weight does so predictably and linearly in proportion to the amount of weight lost. Apart from a very transient deleterious effect, testosterone treatment does not adversely affect OSA. The data on the effect of sleep quality on testosterone may depend on whether testosterone is given as replacement, in supratherapeutic doses, or in the context abuse. Experimental data suggest that testosterone may modulate individual vulnerability to subjective symptoms of sleep restriction. Low testosterone may affect overall sleep quality which is improved by replacement doses. Large doses of exogenous testosterone and anabolic/androgenic steroid abuse are associated with abnormalities of sleep duration and architecture.

关键词： obesity obstructive sleep apnea shift work sleep restriction testosterone

Turbulence modelling of the aerodynamic interaction ofOGV wakes and diffuser flow

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航空动力学报 2011年第10期26卷 2302-2312页

作者： Page gary McGuirk Jim Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering Loughborough University

Different turbulence closures were used to predict the flow interaction between the wakes created by compressor outlet guide vanes(OGVs) and a downstream annular *** statistical turbulence models were tested based on the classical Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) *** high-Re and low-Re(Launder-Sharma) versions of the k-ε model were applied to a selected test problem for OGV wake/diffuser *** test problem was specifically chosen because experimentally determined inlet conditions and both profile and performance data were available to validate predictions.A preliminary study was also reported of the more advanced large eddy simulation(LES) *** LES sub-grid-scale(SGS) model was the basic Smagorinsky eddy viscosity assumption,with a Van-Driest damping function for improved capture of near-wall viscous *** between the two RANS models showed little difference in terms of velocity contours at OGV trailing edge and diffuser *** terms of overall diffuser performance(static pressure recovery and total pressure loss coefficients),the high-Re model was shown to agree well with experimental *** preliminary LES study indicates the highly unsteady character of the OGV wake flow,but requires improved treatment of inlet conditions.

关键词： outlet guide vane(OGV) wakes diffuser flow interaction Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) modelling large eddy simulation(LES) modelling

NON SPURIOUS SPECTRAL-LIKE ELEMENT METHODS FOR MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2007年第3期25卷 282-304页

作者： gary Cohen Marc Duruflé INRIA Domaine de VoluceauRocquencourt-BP 10578153 Le Chesnay CedexFrance

In this paper, we give the state of the art for the so called “mixed spectral elements” for Maxwell＇s equations. Several families of elements, such as edge elements and discon-tinuous Galerkin methods （DGM） are presented and discussed. In particular, we show the need of introducing some numerical dissipation terms to avoid spurious modes in these methods. Such terms are classical for DGM but their use for edge element methods is novel approach described in this paper. Finally, numerical experiments show the fast and low-cost character of these elements.

关键词： Maxwell's equations Discontinuous Galerkin methods Edge elements Masslumping.

Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplant:An Australian single-centre study

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第1期15卷 105-114页

作者： Matthew G Garas Luis Calzadilla-Bertot Briohny W Smith Luc Delriviere Byron Jaques Lingjun Mou Leon A Adams Gerry C MacQuillan George Garas gary P Jeffrey Michael C Wallace Medical School University of Western AustraliaNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Hepatology Sir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Surgery Sir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths *** transplantation(LT)offers the most effective *** recurrence is the strongest risk factor that decreases post-LT survival in patients transplanted for *** rate of HCC recurrence is generally reported as 8%-20%in the *** predictors of HCC have already been researched,however,to our knowledge there are no published studies on this topic using Australian *** To determine the rate and identify predictors of HCC recurrence in a contemporary Western Australian LT *** We performed a retrospective cohort study of all liver transplants in patients with HCC at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital between 2006 and *** was collected from various health record databases and included recipient demographics,serum biochemistry,radiology,operation notes,explant histopathology and details of *** survival of HCC patients post-LT,stratified for recurrence,was calculated by Kaplan Meier *** and multivariate Cox regression was used to determine predictors of HCC recurrence *** Between 1/1/2006 and 12/31/2021,119 patients were transplanted with HCC.8.4%of subjects developed recurrent HCC after LT with median follow-up time of 5.4 *** median time to recurrence was 2.9 years±0.75 *** comparing baseline characteristics,a greater proportion of subjects with recurrence had common characteristics on explant histopathology,including>3 viable nodules(P=0.001),vascular invasion(P=0.003)and poorly differentiated HCC(P=0.03).Unadjusted survival curves showed lower 1-year,3-year,5-year and 10-year survival rates in subjects with HCC recurrence compared to those without HCC recurrence(90%vs 92%,70%vs 88%,42%vs 80%,14%vs 76%,respectively;log rank P<0.001).CONCLUSION HCC recurrence was low at 8.4%in this contemporary Australian cohort,however it significantly impacted post-LT *** studies are requir

关键词： Liver cancer Recurrence Liver transplantation Hepatocellular carcinoma Predictors Post-transplant survival Australian data

Reliable Space Pursuing for Reliability-based Design Optimization with Black-box Performance Functions

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2009年第1期22卷 27-35页

作者： SHAN Songqing WANG G gary Department of Mech. and Manufacturing Engineering the University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 5 V6 Canada School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University Surrey BC V3T OA3 Canada

Reliability-based design optimization （RBDO） is intrinsically a double-loop procedure since it involves an overall optimization and an iterative reliability assessment at each search point. Due to the double-loop procedure, the computational expense of RBDO is normally very high. Current RBDO research focuses on problems with explicitly expressed performance functions and readily available gradients. This paper addresses a more challenging type of RBDO problem in which the performance functions are computation intensive. These computation intensive functions are often considered as a ＂black-box＂ and their gradients are not available or not reliable. On the basis of the reliable design space （RDS） concept proposed earlier by the authors, this paper proposes a Reliable Space Pursuing （RSP） approach, in which RDS is first identified and then gradually refined while optimization is performed. It fundamentally avoids the nested optimization and probabilistic assessment loop. Three well known RBDO problems from the literature are used for testing and demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed RSP method.

关键词： Reliability based design optimization black-box function reliable design space

Chemodynamics of heavy metals in long-term contaminated soils:Metal speciation in soil solution

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第11期21卷 1532-1540页

作者： Kwon-Rae Kim gary Owens Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation University of South Australia Climate Change & Agroecology Division Department of Agricultural Environment National Academy of Agricultural Science

The concentration and speciation of heavy metals in soil solution isolated from long-term contaminated soils were investigated. The soil solution was extracted at 70% maximum water holding capacity （MWHC） after equilibration for 24 h. The free metal concentrations （Cd^2＋, Cu^2＋, Pb^2＋, and Zn^2＋） in soil solution were determined using the Donnan membrane technique （DMT）. Initially the DMT was validated using artificial solutions where the percentage of free metal ions were significantly correlated with the percentages predicted using MINTEQA2. However, there was a significant difference between the absolute free ion concentrations predicted by MINTEQA2 and the values determined by the DMT. This was due to the significant metal adsorption onto the cation exchange membrane used in the DMT with 20%, 28%, 44%, and 8% mass loss of the initial total concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in solution, respectively. This could result in a significant error in the determination of free metal ions when using DMT if no allowance for membrane cation adsorption was made. Relative to the total soluble metal concentrations the amounts of free Cd^2＋（3%-52%） and Zn^2＋（11%-72%） in soil solutions were generally higher than those of Cu^2＋（0.2%-30%） and Pb^2＋（0.6%-10%）. Among the key soil solution properties, dissolved heavy metal concentrations were the most significant factor governing free metal ion concentrations. Soil solution pH showed only a weak relationship with free metal ion partitioning coefficients （Kp） and dissolved organic carbon did not show any significant influence on Kp.

关键词： Donnan membrane technique free metal ion heavy metals partitioning coefficient solubility speciation

Population structure and linkage disequilibrium in elite barley breeding germplasm from the United States

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2012年第6期13卷 438-451页

作者： gary MUEHLBAUER Brian STEFFENSON Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Department of Plant Pathology University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

Cultivated barley is known to have a complex population structure and extensive linkage disequilibrium (LD).To conduct robust association mapping (AM) studies of economically important traits in US barley breeding germplasm,population structure and LD decay were examined in a complete panel of US barley breeding germplasm (3840 lines) genotyped with 3072 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).Nine subpopulations (sp1 sp9) were identified by the program STRUCTURE and subsequently confirmed by principle component analysis (PCA).Out of the nine subpopulations,seven were very similar to the respective subpopulations identified by Hamblin et al.(2010) which were based on half of the germplasm and half of the SNP markers,but two subpopulations were found to be *** subpopulation was dominated by six-rowed spring lines from Utah State University (UT) and the other was composed of six-rowed spring lines from multiple breeding programs (USDA-ARS Aberdeen (AB),Busch Agricultural Resources Inc.(BA),UT,and Washington State University (WA)).LD was found to decay across a range from 4.0 to 19.8 *** result indicates that the germplasm genotyped with 3072 SNPs would be robust for mapping and possibly identifying the causal polymorphisms contributing to disease resistance and perhaps other traits.

关键词： Association mapping (AM) Structure Linkage disequilibrium (LD)