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Degradation and mineralization of 2-chloro-, 3-chloro- and 4-chlorobiphenyl by a newly characterized natural bacterial strain isolated from an electrical transformer fluid-contaminated soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第10期20卷 1250-1257页

作者： Matthew O.Ilori gary k.Robinson Sunday A.Adebusoye Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Lagos Akoka Yaba Lagos Nigeria Department of Biosciences University of kent Canterbury kent CT2 7NJ United kingdom

A bacterium classified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain IR08 by phenotypic typing coupled with 16S rRNA gene analysis was isolated from a soil contaminated with electrical transformer ?uid for over sixty years using Aroclor 1221 as an enrichment substrate. The substrate utilization profiles revealed that IR08 could grow on all three monochlorobiphenyls (CBs), 2,4’- and 4,4’-dichlorobiphenyl as well as 2-chlorobenzoate (2-CBA), 3-CBA, 4-CBA, and 2,3-dichlorobenzoate. Unusually, growth was poorly sustaine...

关键词： aerobic degradation chlorobenzoates mineralization monochlorobiphenyls natural strain polychlorinated biphenyls

Insights on the use of biosimilars in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第11期23卷 1932-1943页

作者： Michael k Zheng David Q Shih gary C Chen F.Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research InstituteCedars-Sinai Medical Center Comprehensive Digestive Institute of Nevada

Biologic therapy, such as those that target tumor necrosis factor(TNF) signaling, has proven to be an efficacious method of treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) with regards to symptom management and mucosal healing. However, the rising prevalence of IBD worldwide and the everincreasing burden of biologic pharmaceuticals in the health care industry is alarming for insurance companies, clinicians, and patients. The impending patent expiry and the relatively high costs of biologics, particularly anti-TNF agents, have paved the way for biosimilar development for IBD. The United States Food and Drug Administration defines a biosimilar as a biological product that is highly similar to its reference medicinal product, with no clinically meaningful differences in terms of safety, purity, and potency. The hope with biosimilars is that their entry into the market will be able to drive competition between pharmaceutical companies to reduce prices like that of the generic market, and that access to appropriate biologic treatments for IBD patients is increased in the long-term. Yet, there are challenging issues such as indication extrapolation and interchangeability that are still being debated in the field of IBD and must be addressed in future issued guidance. This review will discuss the issues and implications concerning the use of biosimilar therapy for IBD.

关键词： Biosimilar Biologic Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Indication extrapolation Interchangeability

Invasive grasses consistently create similar plant-soil feedback types in soils collected from geographically distant locations

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第2期9卷 180-186页

作者： Lora B.Perkins gary Hatfield Erin k.Espeland Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State University1 N.Campus Dr.BrookingsSD 57007USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics South Dakota State University100 Admin LaneBrookingsSD 57007USA Pest Management Research Unit USDA-ARS NPARL1500 North Central AveSidneyMT 59270USA

Aims Plants of similar life forms and closely related species have been observed to create similar types of plant–soil feedbacks(PSFs).However,investigations of the consistency of PSFs within species have not yielded clear *** example,it has been reported that species create different types of PSFs in their native and introduced *** aim of this project is to examine if four species create similar PSF types from soils collected from widely distributed areas within their introduced *** soil for this project was collected from three areas in western North *** this design,we aim to determine species-and site-specific ability to create PSFs and if the type of PSF created is consistent in all soil from all three collection *** species examined are Agropyron cristatum,Centaurea solstitialis,Poa pratensis and Taeniatherum *** We used three-field collected soils(from northern Nevada,western Montana and eastern Montana)in a two-phase greenhouse experiment to quantify the type of PSFs created by four invasive *** first phase was a conditioning phase wherein each invasive species created species-specific changes to the *** second phase of the experiment was the response phase wherein both the conditioning species and a native phytometer were grown in the conditioned soil and in unconditioned(control)*** final aboveground biomass was used to evaluate the effect of conditioning and to determine the type of PSF created by each invasive *** Findings Our results suggest that three of our four study species did show consistency in relation to *** species *** and *** consistently created PSF types that benefit conspecifics more than heterospecifics(and thus are‘invasive’PSF types)and *** consistently exhibited no,or‘neutral’,*** fourth species(***)was inconsistent:in one soil,no feedback was created;in other soil,an invasive PSF was created and in t

关键词： plant-soil feedback invasion niche construction

Turbulence modelling of the aerodynamic interaction ofOGV wakes and diffuser flow

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航空动力学报 2011年第10期26卷 2302-2312页

作者： Page gary McGuirk Jim Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering Loughborough University

Different turbulence closures were used to predict the flow interaction between the wakes created by compressor outlet guide vanes(OGVs) and a downstream annular *** statistical turbulence models were tested based on the classical Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) *** high-Re and low-Re(Launder-Sharma) versions of the k-ε model were applied to a selected test problem for OGV wake/diffuser *** test problem was specifically chosen because experimentally determined inlet conditions and both profile and performance data were available to validate predictions.A preliminary study was also reported of the more advanced large eddy simulation(LES) *** LES sub-grid-scale(SGS) model was the basic Smagorinsky eddy viscosity assumption,with a Van-Driest damping function for improved capture of near-wall viscous *** between the two RANS models showed little difference in terms of velocity contours at OGV trailing edge and diffuser *** terms of overall diffuser performance(static pressure recovery and total pressure loss coefficients),the high-Re model was shown to agree well with experimental *** preliminary LES study indicates the highly unsteady character of the OGV wake flow,but requires improved treatment of inlet conditions.

关键词： outlet guide vane(OGV) wakes diffuser flow interaction Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) modelling large eddy simulation(LES) modelling

Morinda citrifolia （Noni）: A literature review and recent advances in Noni research1

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2002年第12期23卷 74-88页

作者： Brett J WEST,CJarakae JENSEN,Diane NOWICkI,SU Chen,Afa k PALU,gary ANDERSON Department of R＆D Morinda Inc Provo Utah 84606 USA Department of R＆D Morinda Inc Provo Utah 84606 USA Department of R＆D Morinda Inc Provo Utah 84606 USA Department of R＆D Morinda Inc Provo Utah 84606 USA Department of R＆D Morinda Inc Provo Utah 84606 USA University of Illinois College of Medicine Department of Pathology 1601 Parkview Avenue Rockford IL 61107 USA

Morinda citrifolia L (Noni) has been used in folk remedies by Polynesians for over 2000 years, and is reported to have a broad range of therapeutic effects, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, antihelmin, analgesic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, and immune enhancing effects. In order to reveal the nutritional and medicinal value of the Noni plant, and to summarize scientific evidence that supports the Polynesians' claim, a literature review and recent advances in Noni research is given below.

关键词： Morinda citrifolia L Noni proxeronine xeronine cancer prevention antioxidants selective COX-2 inhibitor Yin & Yang

Antiviral activity of traditional Chinese medicinal plants Dryopteris crassirhizoma and Morus alba against dengue virus

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第4期19卷 1085-1096页

作者： Maqsood MARYAM kian keong TE Fai Chu WONG Tsun Thai CHAI gary k k LOW Seng Chiew GAN Hui Yee CHEE Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400Malaysia Faculty of Natural Sciences SBK Women's University QuettaBalochistan 87300Pakistan Department of Chinese Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Tunku Abdul RahmanSungai Long CampusKajang 43000Malaysia Department of Chemical Science Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman(Kampar Campus)Kampar 31900Malaysia Department of Population Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman(Sungai Long Campus)Kajang 43000Malaysia Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman(Sungai Long Campus)Kajang 43000Malaysia

Dengue virus(DENV) has emerged as a major virus that is spread by mosquitoes. Recently, it has spread to more than a hundred nations but continues to lack specific treatable medication. Many traditional Chinese medicinal(TCM) plants are in practice for dengue fever in dengue endemic regions. These traditional medicines persevere with treatments, which modern medicines lack. The study aims to substantiate the anti-dengue potential of some traditional herbs and make them available for further studies to facilitate TCM users. Twelve TCM plants aqueous extracts were evaluated, which are described as cool herbs used for the diseases with high fever. Lead plants were established through detailed in vitro foci forming unit reduction analysis(FFURA) against all four serotypes and validated through quantitative real-time RT-PCR(q RT-PCR). Four plants potentially inhibited the virus in primary phenotypic in vitro evaluation. Two lead plants Dryopteris crassirhizoma(DC) and Morus alba(MA) were identified with half minimal inhibitory concentration(IC50) 130 and 221 μg m L^-1, respectively, while the selectivity indices(SI) were 4.21 and 4.62, respectively. Lead plants equally inhibited all four serotypes of DENV. Time-of-addition analysis suggested that, DC was active at later stages of viral replication, whereas MA was active during the early stages and even showed some prophylactic activity. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC/MS) analysis revealed presence of flavonoids. DC and MA are identified as potential anti-dengue plants, active against varied stages of dengue virus replication cycle. These results may serve as the base knowledge for further investigation on their combined treatments or integrative treatment with western medicines, which may improve the overall anti-dengue activity in future.

关键词： dengue virus traditional Chinese medicines TCM complementary medicines plant extracts anti-dengue

Reentrant equilibrium disordering in nanoparticle-polymer mixtures

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npj Computational Materials 2017年第1期3卷 457-463页

作者： Dong Meng Sanat k.kumar gary S.Grest Nathan A.Mahynski Athanassios Z.Panagiotopoulos Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Sandia National Laboratories AlbuquerqueNM 87185Mexico Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544USA Dave C.Swalm School of Chemical Engineering Mississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMS 39762US Chemical Sciences Division National Institutes of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899US

A large body of experimental work has established that athermal colloid/polymer mixtures undergo a sequence of transitions from a disordered fluid state to a colloidal crystal to a second disordered phase with increasing polymer *** transitions are driven by polymer-mediated interparticle attraction,which is a function of both the polymer density and *** has been posited that the disordered state at high polymer density is a consequence of strong interparticle attractions that kinetically inhibit the formation of the colloidal crystal,i.e.,the formation of a non-equilibrium gel phase interferes with *** we use molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory on polymers and nanoparticles(NPs)of comparable size and show that the crystal-disordered phase coexistence at high polymer density for sufficiently long chains corresponds to an equilibrium thermodynamic phase *** the crystal is,indeed,stabilized at intermediate polymer density by polymer-induced intercolloid attractions,it is destabilized at higher densities because long chains lose significant configurational entropy when they are forced to occupy all of the crystal *** results are in quantitative agreement with existing experimental data and show that,at least in the nanoparticle limit of sufficiently small colloidal particles,the crystal phase only has a modest range of thermodynamic stability.

关键词： stability polymer equilibrium

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Strategic intent

Strategic intent

Magnetooptics of non-kramers Eu^(3+) ions in garnets:analysis complemented by crystal-field splitting modeling calculations

作者： gary Hamel C.k. Prahalad.

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Journal of Rare Earths 2013年第9期31卷 837-842页

作者： Uygun V.Valiev John B.Gruber Anvar k.Mukhammadiev Vasiliy O.Pelenovich 付德君 gary W.Burdick Faculty of Physics National University of Uzbekistan Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Department of Physics Andrews University

Spectra of absorption, luminescence, magnetic circular dichroism （MCD）, and magnetic circular polarization of lumines- cence （MCPL） in Gd3Ga5O12：Eu3＋ and Eu3Ga3O12 garnets were studied within the visible spectral range at 300 k. Analysis of the spectral and temperature dependences of the magnetooptical and optical spectra made it possible to identify the magneto-dipole （MD） and electro-dipole （ED） 4f→4f transitions occurring between Stark sublevels of the 7FJ （J=1, 2） and 5D0 multiplets in Eua＋-containing garnet structures. Quantum mechanical ＂mixing＂ had significant influence on quasi-degenerate states of the non-kramers rare-earth Eu3＋ ion for Eu3GasOl2 in MCD due to forbidden MD transition 7F1→SD0 and for GdaGasOiE：EU3＋ in MCPL due to MD 4f→4f transition 5Do→7F1 and forced ED-transition 5Do→7F2. A parameterized Hamiltonian defined to operate within the entire 4f（6） ground electronic configuration of Eu3＋ ion was used to model the experimental Stark levels, including their irreducible rep- resentations and wavefunctions. The crystal-field parameters were determined through a Monte-Carlo method in which nine in- dependent crystal-field parameters, Bkq, were given random starting values and optimized using standard least-squares fitting between calculated and experimental levels. The final fitting standard deviation between 57 calculated-to-experimental levels was 0.73 meV.

关键词： : magnetic circular dichroism magnetic circular polarization luminescence adsorption garnet non-kramers ion rare earths