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Did ZIKV evolve to be more dangerous? A new clue towards neurovirulence

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National Science Review 2018年第2期5卷 121-122页

作者： gary Wong george F.Gao Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity Shenzhen Third People's Hospital CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Before 2015,Zika virus(ZIKV)was a little-known flavivirus that caused sporadic symptomatic infections in humans(under 20 reported cases,but likely manymore unreported asymptomatic cases)in the decades following its di... 详细信息

关键词： ZIKA virus FLAVIVIRUSES EPIDEMICS

Community analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge of eight wastewater treatment systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第4期22卷 627-634页

作者： Xiaohui Wang Xianghua Wen Craig Criddle george wells Jie Zhang Yin Zhao Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Jerry Yang & Akiko Yamazaki Environment & Energy Building Stanford University Stanford CA94305-4020 USA Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd. Beijing 100084 China

We investigated the communities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB） in activated sludge collected from eight wastewater treatment systems using polymerase chain reaction （PCR） followed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism （T-RFLP）, cloning, and sequencing of the α-subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase gene （amoA）. The T-RFLP fingerprint analyses showed that different wastewater treatment systems harbored distinct AOB communities. However, there was no remarkable difference among the AOB T- RFLP profiles from different parts of the same system. The T-RFLP fingerprints showed that a full-scale wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） contained a larger number of dominant AOB species than a pilot-scale reactor. The source of influent affected the AOB community, and the WWTPs treating domestic wastewater contained a higher AOB diversity than those receiving mixed domestic and industrial wastewater. However, the AOB community structure was little affected by the treatment process in this study. Phylogenetic analysis of the cloned amoA genes clearly indicated that all the dominant AOB in the systems was closely related to Nitrosomonas spp. not to Nitrosospira spp. Members of the Nitrosomonas oligotropha and Nitrosomonas communis clusters were found in all samples, while members of Nitrosomonas europaea cluster occurred in some systems.

关键词： activated sludge ammonia-oxidizing bacteria T-RFLP amoA gene wastewater treatment plant

Can Ebola virus become endemic in the human population？

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Protein & Cell 2016年第1期7卷 4-6页

作者： gary Wong george F. Gao Xiangguo Qiu Special Pathogens Program National Microbiology Laboratory Public Health Agency of Canada Winnipeg MB CanadaDepartment of Medical Microbiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada Department of Medical Microbiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 China National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100052 China Officeof Director-General Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China

The 2014-15 Ebola virus reported during March 2014 Guinea. has shown itself to （EBOV） outbreak, originally n the Western African nation of be resistant to traditional con- tainment methods, with over 28,000 infections and 11,000 deaths over 18 months. Recently, news that a Scottish nurse had relapsed to EBOV disease with neurological symptoms at 10 months after recovery have astonished experts. The prolonged nature of the outbreak has led to questions whether EBOV can become endemic in the human popula- tion, an undesirable outcome due to the large amount of resources required to keep this virus under control. In this commentary, we discuss aspects EBOV disease with those caused by pathogens considered endemic in humans, as well as factors which may contribute to sustained EBOV transmission in humans.

关键词： High Case Fatality Rate EBOV Infection Severe Hemorrhagic Fever Minor Public Health EBOV Outbreak

Restoration Prospects for Heitutan Degraded Grassland in the Sanjiangyuan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2013年第4期10卷 687-698页

作者： LI Xi-lai PERRY LW george BRIERLEY gary GAO Jay ZHANG Jing YANG Yuan-wu College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Qinghai University School of Environment University of Auckland New Zealand Private Bag 92019Auckland New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland New Zealand Private Bag 92019Auckland New Zealand

In many ecosystems ungulates have coexisted with grasslands over long periods of time. However, high densities of grazing animals may change the floristic and structural characteristics of vegetation, reduce biodiversity, and increase soil erosion, potentially triggering abrupt and rapid changes in ecosystem condition. Alternate stable state theory provides a framework for understanding this type of dynamic. In the Sanjiangyuan atop the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP), grassland degradation has been accompanied by irruptions of native burrowing animals, which has accentuated the loss of ground cover. Severely degraded areas of alpine meadows are referred to as 'Heitutan'. Here, using the framework of alternate stable state theory, we describe the proximate and ultimate drivers of the formation of Heitutan on the QTP, and we assess prospects for recovery, in relation to the degree of biophysical alteration, of these alpine meadows. Effective rehabilitation measures must address the underlying causes of degradation rather than their symptoms. Heitutan degradation is not uni-causal. Rather it reflects different mechanisms operating at different spatio-temporal scales across this vast region. Underlying causes include overly aggressive exploitation of the grasslands (e.g. overgrazing), amplification of grazing and erosion damage by small mammals when outbreaks occur, and/or climate change. Given marked variability in environmental conditions and stressors, restorative efforts must vary across the region. Restoration efforts are likely toyield greatest success if moderately and severely degraded areas are targeted as the first priority in management programmes, before these areas are transformed into extreme Heitutan.

关键词： Heitutan degraded grassland Alpinemeadow Restoration/rehabilitation Sanjiangyuan Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP)

Impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on major clinical events and safety outcomes in heart failure patients:a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2021年第10期18卷 783-795页

作者： george Bazoukis Stamatis S.Papadatos Costas Thomopoulos gary Tse Stefanos Cheilidis Konstantinos Tsioufis Dimitrios Farmakis Department of Cardiology Larnaca General HospitalLarnacaCyprus Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyMedical SchoolUniversity of IoanninaIoanninaGreece Department of Cardiology Helena Venizelou HospitalAthensGreece Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease Department of CardiologyTianjin Institute of CardiologySecond Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina University of Cyprus Medical School NicosiaCyprus First Cardiology Clinic Hippokration HospitalAthens UniversityAthensGreece

BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT2i)significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular(CV)and renal adverse events in patients with diabetes mellitus,heart failure(HF)and/or chronic kidney *** performed a meta-analysis to explore the impact of several different SGLT2i on all-cause mortality,CV mortality,HF hospitalizations and the combined outcome CV death/HF hospitalization in HF patients across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)*** A systematic search in MEDLINE database and Cochrane library through March 2021 was performed without *** clinical trials that provided data about the impact of SGLT2i on all-cause mortality,CV mortality,HF hospitalizations or the combined outcome of CV death/HF hospitalization in HF patients were included.A random effects model was used for calculating the effect *** Nine studies(n=16,723 patients,mean age:65.9 years,males:70.7%)were included in the quantitative *** to placebo,SGLT2i use was associated with 14%lower risk of all-cause mortality[hazard ratio(HR)=0.86,95%CI:0.78−0.94,I^(2)=0,P=0.0008],32%lower risk of HF hospitalizations(HR=0.68,95%CI:0.62−0.74,I^(2)=0,P<0.001),14%lower risk of CV mortality(HR=0.86,95%CI:0.77−0.95,I^(2)=0,P=0.003)and 26%lower risk of CV death/HF hospitalization(HR=0.74,95%CI:0.68−0.80,I^(2)=0,P<0.001).Regarding the safety outcomes,our data revealed no significant differences between SGLT2i and placebo groups in drug related discontinuations,amputations,severe hypoglycemia,hypotension,volume depletion,ketoacidosis and genital *** contrast,a protective role of SGLT2i against placebo was found for serious adverse events and acute kidney *** In patients with HF,regardless of LVEF phenotype,all SGLT2i had an excellent safety profile and significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality,CV mortality,HF hospitalizations and CV deaths/HF hospitalizations compared to placeb

关键词： patients clinical protective

Ribavirin is effective against drug-resistant H7N9 influenza virus infections

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Protein & Cell 2016年第8期7卷 611-614页

作者： Bi, Yuhai Wong, gary Liu, Yingxia Liu, Lei Gao, george F. Shi, Yi Chinese Acad Sci Inst Microbiol CAS Key Lab Pathogen Microbiol & Immunol Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Shenzhen Third Peoples Hosp Shenzhen Key Lab Pathogen & Immun State Key Discipline Infect Dis Shenzhen 518112 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Influenza Res & Early Warning CASCIRE Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Inst Life Sci RNIH Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Collaborat Innovat Ctr Diag & Treatment Infect Di Hangzhou 310003 Zhejiang Peoples R China

Dear Editor, In February and March 2013, a novel influenza A （H7N9） virus emerged in China, causing an acute respiratory distress syndrome and occasionally multiple organ failure with high fatality rates in humans （Li et al., 2014）. A total of 681 laboratory-confirmed cases and 275 deaths have been reported as of November 13th,

关键词： H7N9 Virus Oseltamivir Zanamivir Influenza Virus Infection H7N9 Infection

Natural killer cells are activated and play a protective role against ZIKA virus infection in mice

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Science Bulletin 2017年第14期62卷 982-984页

作者： Xuefeng Duan Shihua Li gary Wong Dongfang Wang Haoyu Wang Jiao Lu Yuhai Bi Xuancheng Lu Yi Shi Jinghua Yan Min Fang george Fu Gao CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Health Sciences Anhui University Laboratory Animal Center Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) International College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) Savaid Medical School University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH) Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

Zika virus(ZIKV)is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus that was responsible for an epidemic in the Americas during 2015–2016[1].ZIKV infections in adults have been linked to Guillain-Barrésyndrome[2,3],as well as abnormalities such as abortion,stillbirth,and microcephaly in some cases[4].In addition,we have reported that ZIKV infect testicular stem-like peritubular

关键词：病毒感染细胞活性保护作用杀伤自然小鼠对齐

Development of a reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based assay for broad coverage detection of African and Asian Zika virus lineages

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Virologica Sinica 2017年第3期32卷 199-206页

作者： Yang Yang gary Wong Baoguo Ye Shihua Li Shanqin Li Haixia Zheng Qiang Wang Mifang Liang george F Gao Lei Liu Yingxia Liu Yuhai Bi Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity State Key Discipline of Infectious DiseaseShenzhen Third People’s Hospital CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease Institute of Microbiology Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE) Chinese Academy of Sciences China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University Key Laboratory for Medical Virology NHFPC National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention China CDC Office of Director-General Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Savaid Medical School University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Zika virus(ZIKV) is an arbovirus that has spread rapidly worldwide within recent times. There is accumulating evidence that associates ZIKV infections with Guillain-Barré Syndrome(GBS) and microcephaly in humans. The ZIKV is genetically diverse and can be separated into Asian and African lineages. A rapid, sensitive, and specific assay is needed for the detection of ZIKV across various pandemic regions. So far, the available primers and probes do not cover the genetic diversity and geographic distribution of all ZIKV strains. To this end, we have developed a one-step quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) assay based on conserved sequences in the ZIKV envelope(E) gene. The detection limit of the assay was determined to be five RNA transcript copies and 2.94 × 10^(–3) 50% tissue culture infectious doses(TCID50) of live ZIKV per reaction. The assay was highly specific and able to detect five different ZIKV strains covering the Asian and African lineages without nonspecific amplification, when tested against other flaviviruses. The assay was also successful in testing for ZIKV in clinical samples. Our assay represents an improvement over the current methods available for the detection ZIKV and would be valuable as a diagnostic tool in various pandemic regions.

关键词： Flavivirus Zika virus(ZIKV) molecular diagnostics qRT-PCR

Effect of airplane transport of donor livers on post-liver transplantation survival

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第41期22卷 9154-9161页

作者： Yi Huang Gerry MacQuillan Leon A Adams george Garas Megan Collins Albert Nwaba Linjun Mou Max K Bulsara Luc Delriviere gary P Jeffrey School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western Australia Western Australian Liver Transplantation Service Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Institute of Health Research University of Notre Dame

AIM To evaluate the effect of long haul airplane transport of donor livers on post-transplant outcomes. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of patients who received a liver transplantation was performed in Perth, Australia from 1992 to 2012. Donor and recipient characteristics information were extracted from Western Australian liver transplantation service database. Patients were followed up for a mean of six years. Patient and graft survival were evaluated and compared between patients who received a local donor liver and those who received an airplane transported donor liver. Predictors of survival were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis using cox *** One hundred and ninety-three patients received alocal donor liver and 93 patients received an airplane transported donor liver. Airplane transported livers had a significantly lower alanine transaminase(mean: 45 U/L vs 84 U/L, P = 0.035), higher donor risk index(mean: 1.88 vs 1.42, P < 0.001) and longer cold ischemic time(CIT)(mean: 10.1 h vs 6.4 h, P < 0.001). There was a weak correlation between CIT and transport distance(r2 = 0.29, P < 0.001). Mean follow up was six years and 93 patients had graft failure. Multivariate analysis found only airplane transport retained significance for graft loss(HR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.16-3.17). One year graft survival was 0.88 for those with a local liver and was 0.71 for those with an airplane transported liver. One year graft loss was due to primary graft non-function or associated with preservation injury in 20.8% of recipients of an airplane transported liver compared with 4.6% in those with a local liver(P = 0.027). CONCLUSION Airplane transport of donor livers was independently associated with reduced graft survival following liver transplantation.

关键词： Airplane transportation Cold ischemic time Graft survival Donor location Organ damage