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Sheep numbers required for dry matter digestibility evaluations when fed fresh perennial ryegrass or forage rape

Animal Nutrition 2017年第1期3卷 61-66页

作者： Xuezhao Sun Linda Krijgsman garry c.waghorn Holly Kjestrup John Koolaard David Pacheco Grasslands Research centre Agresearch Limited DairyNZ Limited

Research trials with fresh forages often require accurate and precise measurement of digestibility and variation in digestion between individuals, and the duration of measurement periods needs to be established to ensure reliable data are obtained. The variation is likely to be greater when freshly harvested feeds are given, such as perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) and forage rape(Brassica napus L.),because the nutrient composition changes over time and in response to weather conditions. Daily feed intake and faeces output data from a digestibility trial with these forages were used to calculate the effects of differing lengths of the measurement period and differing numbers of sheep, on the precision of digestibility, with a view towards development of a protocol. Sixteen lambs aged 8 months and weighing 33 kg at the commencement of the trial were fed either perennial ryegrass or forage rape(8/treatment group) over 2 periods with 35 d between measurements. They had been acclimatised to the diets, having grazed them for 42 d prior to 11 days of indoor measurements. The sheep numbers required for a digestibility trial with different combinations of acclimatisation and measurement period lengths were subsequently calculated for 3 levels of imposed precision upon the estimate of mean dry matter(DM) digestibility. It is recommended that if the standard error of the mean for digestibility is equal to or higher than 5 g/kg DM, and if sheep are already used to a fresh perennial ryegrass or forage rape diet,then a minimum of 6 animals are needed and 4 acclimatisation days being fed individually in metabolic crates followed by 7 days of measurement.

关键词： Sheep Digestibility Fresh forage Sample size

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Processed beetroot(Beta vulgaris L.)as a natural antioxidant in mayonnaise:Effects on physical stability,texture and sensory attributes

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2016年第4期5卷 191-198页

作者： Vassilios Raikos Angela McDonagh Viren Ranawana garry Duthie Metabolic Health Rowett Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen AB252ZDScotlandUK

The oxidative and physical stability of the reformulated mayonnaise with processed beetroot was investigated and compared with a control(mayonnaise without beetroot)and a commercially available *** of beetroot had an impact on the structural integrity of the antioxidants ***(960 W for 7 min)was advantageous for preserving the betalain and polyphenol content of beetroot compared to roasting(180◦c for 90 min)and boiling(100◦c for 30 min).The oxidative stability of mayonnaise samples was determined by Rancimat and the thiobarbituric(TBA)*** addition of microwaved beetroot significantly enhanced the oxidative stability of mayonnaise at the end of a storage period of 4 weeks(4◦c).Although no significant differences(P>0.05)were detected between the mayonnaise samples containing beetroot and the commercial control,the latter was less susceptible to oxidation during *** turbiscan stability index(TSI)revealed that the commercial mayonnaise was less prone to destabilization *** the textural parameters increased with the incorporation of *** sensory evaluation revealed that,with the exception of graininess and uniformity,most of the sensory attributes are preserved if not improved with the addition of beetroot.

关键词： Mayonnaise Beetroot Oxidative stability Texture Sensory analysis

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Nucieocytoplasmic Shuttling of Geminivirus c4 Protein Mediated by Phosphorylation and Myristoylation Is critical for Viral Pathogenicity

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Molecular Plant 2018年第12期11卷 1466-1481页

作者： Yuzhen Mei Yaqin Wang Tao Hu Xiuling Yang Rosa Lozano-Duran garry Sunter Xueping Zhou State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Institute of Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China Shanghai center for Plant Stress Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201602 China Department of Biology University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio TX 78249 USA

Many geminivirus c4 proteins induce severe developmental abnormalities in *** previously demon- strated that Tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLcYnV)c4 induces plant developmental abnormalities at least partically by decreasing the accumulation of NbSKη,an ortholog of Arabidopsis BIN2 kinase involved in the brassinosteroid signaling pathway,in the nucleus through directing it to the plasma ***, the molecular mechanism by which the membrane-associated c4 modifies the localization of NbSKη in the host cell remains ***,we show that TLcYnV c4 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein,and that c4 shuttling is accompanied by nuclear export of *** c4 is phosphorylated by NbSKη in the nucleus,which promotes myristoylation of the viral *** of phosphorylated c4 favors its interaction with exportin-α(XPO I);which in turn facilitates nuclear export of the c4/NbSKTI complex. Supporting this model,chemical inhibition of N-myristoyltransferases or exportin-α enhanced nuclear retention of c4,and mutations of the putative phosphorylation or myristoylation sites in c4 resulted in increased nuclear retention ofrc4 and thus decreased severity of c4-induced developmental abnormalities. The impact of c4 on development is also lessened when a nuclear localization signal or a nuclear export signal is added to its c-terminus,restricting it to a specific cellular niche and therefore impairing nucleocytoplasmic *** together,our results suggest that nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of TLcYnV c4,enabled by phosphorylation by NbSKη,myristoylation,and interaction with exportin-α is critical for its function as a pathogenicity factor.

关键词： Geminivirus c4 phosphorylation myristoylation pathogenicity nucleocytoplasmic shuttling

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No-take Marine Reserves and Reef Fisheries Management in the Philippines:A New People Power Revolution

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第5期35卷 245-253页

作者： Angel c. Alcala garry R. Russ 林宝法（译）胡思和（校）菲律宾锡利曼大学锡利曼大学安杰罗、金研究与环境管理中心（SUAKcREM）澳大利亚詹姆斯·库克大学不详

目前在菲律宾开展的海洋保护和礁渔业管理计划20世纪70年代在苏米龙（Sumilon）和阿波（Apo）岛上开始时并不起眼。这两个岛屿提供一些现有最好的证据证明，由地方社区保护和管理的禁渔保护区能在生物多样性保护和渔业管理方面发挥关键... 详细信息

目前在菲律宾开展的海洋保护和礁渔业管理计划20世纪70年代在苏米龙（Sumilon）和阿波（Apo）岛上开始时并不起眼。这两个岛屿提供一些现有最好的证据证明，由地方社区保护和管理的禁渔保护区能在生物多样性保护和渔业管理方面发挥关键的使用。也许更重要的是，它们充当了过去20年来菲律宾全国禁渔保护区非凡发展的典范。这种发展明显有助于国家海洋资源管理政篆的重大转变。这一政策转变把职责部分从中央政府机关下放给了地方政府和当地社区。现在，地方政府与中央政府一起共同管理离岸15km之内的海洋资源。从非常现实的意义上讲，把海洋资源的一些管理职责赋予依赖于这些资源的沿岸人民，是菲律宾另一次“人民权力革命”。

关键词：渔业管理海洋保护保护区菲律宾禁渔权力海洋资源管理生物多样性保护

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聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚(异戊二烯-co-苯乙烯)核壳纳米乳液的合成与直接氢化方法的研究

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高分子学报 2017年第4期27卷 587-595页

作者：徐莹麻鑫浩林韶晖 Rempel garry L 潘勤敏苏州大学材料与化学化工学部苏州215123

利用可控微乳液法合成粒径19~200 nm,且呈球状分布均匀的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚(异戊二烯-co-苯乙烯)(PMMA/PIS)核壳纳米粒子,通过水合肼产生原位氢的技术,对合成的PMMA/PIS乳液体系进行直接常压氢化,对影响氢化度的因素、聚合物氢化前后... 详细信息

利用可控微乳液法合成粒径19~200 nm,且呈球状分布均匀的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚(异戊二烯-co-苯乙烯)(PMMA/PIS)核壳纳米粒子,通过水合肼产生原位氢的技术,对合成的PMMA/PIS乳液体系进行直接常压氢化,对影响氢化度的因素、聚合物氢化前后结构、热性能进行了研究.结果显示,聚合物粒径、水合肼及双氧水用量等都是影响聚合物的氢化度的因素.研究发现,氢化以PMMA为核,PIS为壳的核壳结构乳液可以显著提高PIS氢化程度,减少氢化过程中凝胶产生.利用FTIR、~1H-NMR、Na_2S_2O_3滴定法测定了乳液的氢化度.结果表明,当聚合物粒径小于200 nm时,乳液氢化度可达到95%以上,且无凝胶现象产生.GPc结果证明了反应是氢化而非凝胶过程.利用TEM、DLS测试了氢化后乳液的核壳结构和粒径.实验结果显示,PMMA/HPIS为核壳纳米结构.TGA结果显示,当氢化度为98%时,聚合物耐热性提高41°c.

关键词：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚(异戊二烯-co-苯乙烯) 微乳液聚合核壳纳米粒子水合肼氢化

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The contribution of dα-Tocopherol and dγ-Tocopherol to the Antioxidant capacity of Several Edible Plant Oils

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Natural Science 2016年第2期8卷 41-48页

作者： garry G. Duthie Peter T. Gardner Philip c. Morrice Donald B. McPhail Natural Products Group Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK

Many oils from plants are important components of our food chain and maintaining their oxidative stability (OS) is economically and nutritionally important. OS is dependent in part on antioxidant capacity (Ac) arising from the electron donating ability of endogenous compounds in the oils. Attention has focused on the contribution to Ac of phenolic compounds in oils as many have bioactivities in vitro. However, the relevance of such phenolics to healthy nutrition remains unclear. In contrast, many plant-derived oils also contain tocopherol homologs, which as vitamin E are dietary-essential, lipid-soluble antioxidants. We have determined the Ac of twelve “off the shelf” edible oils by assessing their ability to quench galvinoxyl, a stable free radical species. The stochiometric reactivity of vitamin E with galvinoxyl indicates that the combined dα-tocopherol and dγ-tocopherol homologs contribute between 20% (olive) and 85% (soya) to Ac depending on type of oil. Tocopherols are important contributors to the Ac of several vegetable oils. Breeding and photo mixotrophic programmes to enhance content in edible oil crops of this important vitamin may have a positive impact not only on oil stability during storage but also in contributing to provision of optimum dietary intakes for health.

关键词： Vegetable Oils Antioxidant capacity Vitamin E Electron Spin Resonance Diet and Health

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空心/多孔微球制备技术研究进展

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材料导报 2013年第5期27卷 80-86页

作者：戴梦炜王芸潘茂植 garry L.Rempel 潘勤敏苏州大学绿色高分子工程和催化技术实验室苏州215123 台州方远反光材料有限公司台州318000 加拿大滑铁卢大学化工系

综述了聚合物多孔微球和空心微球的制备方法及其相应的成孔机理。空心微球的制备以模板法为主,而多孔微球的制备则以种子溶胀法和致孔剂法为主。这些方法各有优缺点,根据材料的用途选择相应的制备方法,才能得到性能理想的中空或多孔微... 详细信息

综述了聚合物多孔微球和空心微球的制备方法及其相应的成孔机理。空心微球的制备以模板法为主,而多孔微球的制备则以种子溶胀法和致孔剂法为主。这些方法各有优缺点,根据材料的用途选择相应的制备方法,才能得到性能理想的中空或多孔微球。同时,讨论了多孔微球和空心微球制备中存在的问题及制备方法的选择。

关键词：空心微球多孔微球成孔机理制备方法

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Achieving fish passage outcomes at irrigation infrastructure;a case study from the Lower Mekong Basin

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第2期6卷 113-124页

作者： Lee J.Baumgartner chris Barlow Martin Mallen-cooper craig Boys Tim Marsden garry Thorncraft Oudom Phonekhampheng Douangkham Singhanouvong William Rice Michael Roy Lin crase Bethany cooper Institute for Land Water and SocietyCharles Sturt UniversityElizabeth Mitchell DriveAlburyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Primary Industries Port Stephens Fisheries CentrePrivate Bag 1Nelson BayNew South Wales2315Australia Australasian Fish Passage Services 27 Beachside PlaceShoal PointQLD4750Australia National University of Laos PO Box 10864Dongdok CampusVientianeLao Democratic People’s Republic Living Aquatic Resources Research centre Phonsavang VillageSikhotabong DistrictVientianeLao Democratic People’s Republic United States Department of the Interior International Technical Assistance Program1849 C StreetNWWashington DC20240United States University of South Australia School of CommerceCity West CampusAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia

Irrigation infrastructure expansion threatens the diversity of freshwater fish *** infrastructure creates migration barriers which can block access to important nursery,feeding and spawning *** PDR is a landlocked country situated within the Lower Mekong River Basin where there is a substantial dependency on rice and fish for food,income and *** country is experiencing an unprecedented boom in irrigation infrastructure investment,with modernisation programs being implemented in every *** significant investment in infrastructure upgrades,and the potential impact on freshwater fish,little consideration has been given to fish passage *** 2008,we commenced a fish passage program in Lao *** intent of this case study is to outline the pivotal elements of the program of knowledge development and transfer,in the context of river connectivity and fisheries management in Lao *** also highlight challenges in international research in development and lessons learned.

关键词： Fish passage Tropical rivers Lower mekong basin Migration Fishway Lao PDR

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Novel ecosystems in the restoration of cultural landscapes of Tl’chés,West chatham Island,British columbia,canada

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 143-155页

作者： Thiago c Gomes School of Environmental Studies University of VictoriaPO Box 3060 STN CSCVictoriaBC V8W 3R4Canada

Introduction:The small archipelago of Tl’chés,in coastal British columbia,has gone through drastic social-ecological change culminating in the decline of traditional management practices,invasion of exotic plant species and,in the early 1960s,land *** is a common trend in cultural landscapes around the *** landscapes have great social-ecological significance,including cultural safeguarding and renewal,as well as maintenance of biodiversity,ecosystem functions and services,making them objects of special attention in conservation and restoration *** study investigates the relationship between the Lekwungen people and heavily altered ecosystems in the context of ecological restoration for the cultural landscapes of Tl’ché***:In order to thoroughly explore the ecological,social and cultural aspects and processes involved in the restoration of Tl’chés,this study combined different environmental sciences methodologies,including historical and archival research,semi-structured interviews and participatory observation with Lekwungen participants,as well as ecological field assessments and an innovative mapping approach termed Terrestrial cultural Ecosystem Mapping(TcEM).Results:This study generated historical and spatial references for ecosystem and land use change in West chatham Island,as well as cultural and ecological understandings to support *** important native species such as camassia *** still thriving,present-day ecosystems on this island are heavily altered from the natural garry oak ecosystem reference sites and are largely dominated by exotic invasive shrubs and graminoid *** investigation indicates that the Lekwungen value both the historical ecological conditions of the island and particular types of the present-day novel or hybrid ecological states,such as the overgrown heritage orchard and nonnative berries found on the ***:Present-day ecosystems of Tl’chés are a result of

关键词： Ecological restoration Novel ecosystems cultural landscapes Traditional ecological knowledge and wisdom(TEKW) Historical ecology garry oak ecosystems Lekwungen

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cALcITE MIcROcRYSTALS IN THE PINEAL GLAND OF THE HUMAN BRAIN: FIRST PHYSIcAL AND cHEMIcAL STUDIES

CALCITE MICROCRYSTALS IN THE PINEAL GLAND OF THE HUMAN BRAIN...

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第8届国际材联电子材料国际研讨会

作者： Simon Baconnier Sidney B. Lang Maria Polomska Bozena Hilczer garry Berkovic Guilia Meshulam Department of chemical Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 84105 Beer Sheva Israel Department of chemical Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 84105 Beer Sheva Israel Institute of Molecular Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Poznan Poland Institute of Molecular Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Poznan Poland Soreq NRc Yavne Israel Soreq NRc Yavne Israel

＜正＞ A new form of biomineralization has been studied in the pineal gland of the human brain. It consists of small crystals that are less than 20 m in length and that are completely distinct from the often-observed mulberry-type hydroxyapatite concretions. cubic, hexagonal and cylindrical morphologies have been identified using scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive spectroscopy, selected-area electron diffraction and near infrared Raman spectroscopy established that the crystals were calcite. With the exception

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