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Prevalence of Work-Aggravated Asthma among Bakery Workers in Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire)

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Health 2024年第3期16卷 204-217页

作者： Loukou Leandre Konan Esme Marie Laure Essis Brou Michel Kouassi Marius Kedote Julius Fobil William Yavo Ossey bernard Yapo Issaka Tiembre National Institute of Public Health Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire Interuniversity Doctoral Program Cotonou Benin Medical Sciences Training and Research Unit Department of Public Health and Biostatistics Felix Houphouet Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Global Environmental Occupational Health (GEOHealth) Accra Ghana UFR of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences Department of Public Health Felix Houphou&#235t Boigny University Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire National Institute of Public Hygiene Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Introduction: Work-aggravated asthma is pre-existing or concomitant asthma whose symptoms are aggravated by the work environment. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of this pathology and its associated factors among bakery workers in Abidjan. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of four (4) months from 18 December 2019 to 18 April 2020. Two questionnaires were used, one on employees and the other on the indoor environment of bakeries. In addition, a spirometry test was performed on all bakery workers. Statistical analysis was performed using stata 15.1 software. Results: A total of 599 bakery employees, including bakers (59.73%), sales assistants/ cashiers (23.52%), cleaners (6.34%) and administrative staff (10.18%), were investigated. The mean age was 30.8 ± 8 years, with a sex ratio (M/F) = 2.2. Asthma symptoms were found in 95 (15.86%) employees, of whom 74 (77.9%) had work-related asthma and 11 (14.9%) had asthma aggravated by work. The factors associated with work-aggravated asthma were personal or family history of allergy or atopy [ORa = 3.75;CI95%: 1.56 - 8.93;p = 0.003], exposure to dust [ORa = 5.01;CI95%: 1.43 - 7.50;p = 0.011] and humidity level (60% - 70%) [ORa = 1.80;CI 95%: 0.99 - 3.28;p = 0.05]. Conclusion: Work-aggravated asthma is a reality in bakeries in Abidjan, with an estimated prevalence of 14.9%. Two of the three factors associated with this condition suggest a link with indoor air pollution. Combating air pollution in these establishments must therefore be a priority for the relevant authorities, in order to provide employees with a working environment that protects their health.

关键词： Work-Aggravated Asthma Occupational Asthma Work-Related Asthma Bakeries Abidjan Ivory Coast

Thermophysical, Mechanical and Durability Characterization of Adobe Bricks Reinforced with Fonio (Digitaria exilis) Sounds

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2024年第8期14卷 146-164页

作者： Colbert Babé Etienne Yanné Souaibou Mojonda Lémankréo Bakaiyang bernard Kola Gustave Assoualaye Layndé Tawé Raidandi Danwé Dieudonné Kidmo Kaoga Noël Djongyang Department of Renewable Energy National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon University Institute of Wood Technology University of Yaound I Yaound Cameroon Energy Rsearch Laboratory Institute of Geological and Mining Research Yaound Cameroon

Buildings constructed using modern materials such as cement are energy-intensive, facilitate heat transfer and thus promote warming inside the building. However, the Sudano-Sahelian regions have a hot climate occupying a large period of the year, thus requiring not only sustainable construction materials, but also which provide thermal comfort in the building by limiting the energy demand for air conditioning. These qualifications are important for sub-Saharan African countries in general and those of the Sudano-Sahelian zone in particular, which need ecological materials with good thermal performance to limit heating inside buildings. This study is an energy recovery of agricultural waste in buildings with a view to offering the populations of the northern regions of Cameroon suitable materials at lower cost for the construction of buildings. The soil used for this study was extracted from the locality of Yagoua where the populations make abundant use of mud bricks. Fonio waste was incorporated at low levels into the earth bricks, particularly at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, with a view to strengthening their thermophysical and mechanical properties. The results obtained indicate that earth bricks reinforced with 4% waste showed better thermal and mechanical insulation properties compared to other formulations with an improvement of 16% and 78% respectively compared to the unreinforced samples. This research allows us to conclude that fonio waste can be used practically without expense in the building with a view to its energy recovery and will promote not only thermal comfort and the limitation of the energy supply for air conditioning, but the construction of more sustainable buildings with a cleaner environment.

关键词： Durability Thermal Comfort Building Soil Fonio Faste

Involvement of haptoglobin in disease development

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World Journal of Hematology 2024年第2期11卷 1-7页

作者： Romaric Tuono De Manfouo JosuéSimo Louokdom bernard Claude Chetcha Larissa Michelle BakamMagoua Prosper Cabral Biapa Nya Constant Anatole Pieme Claude Tayou Tagny Department of Microbiology ParasitologyHematologyand Infectious DiseasesHematology UnitFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé1Yaoundé296Cameroon Higher Institute of Health Sciences Universitédes MontagnesBangangté296Cameroon Public Health and Biotechnology Research Laboratory(LAPHER-Biotech) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé1Yaoundé296Cameroon Faculty of Sciences Universitéde DschangDschang 296Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé1Yaoundé296Cameroon

Haptoglobin(HP)is a liver glycoprotein that is actively synthesized during in-flammatory and hemolytic *** also has pro-oxidant and proinflam-matory properties,which are a function of its *** genetic polymorp-hism of the chains leads to synthesis of three phenotypes/proteins,which are related to the number and type of chains and their molecular weight,namely HP1-1,HP1-2 and *** with HP2-2 have more vascular complications,while those with HP1-1 have *** is involved in the worsening of diseases,such as HP2-2 in aggravation of vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease,and worsening of the pathophysiology of other *** contrast,HP1-1 confers better protection against *** of this suggests that further studies should be conducted,including experimental and analytical studies focused on de-monstrating the influence of different HP genotypes on individual clinical and hematological *** would help in understanding the role played by this genetic polymorphism in the pathophysiology of diseases.

关键词： Haptoglobin Protein Properties Polymorphism Diseases

Functional Outcomes of Adult Tibia Shaft Fractures Treated with Solid Intramedullary Nails versus Hollow Nails: A Systematic Review

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第3期14卷 149-172页

作者： Kwadwo Aning Abu bernard Hammond Mohammed Issah Suglo Bukari Kizito Kakra Vormawor Ronald Awoonor-Williams David Anyitey-Kokor Paa Kwesi Baidoo Dominic Konadu-Yeboah Department of Orthopaedics St. John of God Hospital Duayaw Nkwanta Ghana Directorate of Trauma and Orthopaedics Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Department of Surgery Tamale Teaching Hospital Tamale Ghana Department of Orthopadics and Trauma Seventh Day Adventist Hospital Asamang Ghana

Introduction: The management of fractures of the tibia shaft is an important aspect of orthopaedic care, and the selection of the surgical method for fixation can substantially impact patient outcomes. The current review aims to compare the outcomes of adult tibia fractures treated with solid nails to those treated with hollow nails. Methods: A search on Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library, using three keywords (Outcome, Tibia shaft fractures, Nail) was conducted in April 2023. Results were compiled and two independent reviewers screened and selected eligible articles After removing duplicates, titles and abstracts were read to exclude ineligible studies. Full-text articles of the remaining papers were read to select eligible studies which were further critically appraised to ascertain their methodological quality. The data extracted from the selected papers were synthesized using a combination of pooling of results, tests of statistical difference (t-test and chi-square) and narrative synthesis methods. Results: A total of 2295 articles were obtained from the databases and citation searching. A total of 9 papers were identified as eligible and included in the review. Findings revealed that there is no statistical difference in the outcomes of tibia fractures treated with either solid or hollow nail groups such as duration of surgery (p = 0.541), rate of delayed and non-union (p = 0.342), and rate of surgical site infections (p = 0.395). Conclusion: Intramedullary nailing of tibia shaft fractures with either solid or hollow nails have similar functional outcomes.

关键词： Tibia Shaft Fractures Functional Outcome SIGN Nail Hollow Nail

The Effect of Macronutrient Restrictions on Gut Microbiome and Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Albino Rats

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第6期12卷 286-310页

作者： Blandine Ngum Shu bernard Tiencheu Fabrice Tonfack Djikeng Deffo Ngongang Flore Tiepma Dibanda Romelle Feumba Yolandia Jamea Nganje Epanty Lyonga Agnes Namondo Mbongo Aduni Ufuan Achidi Department of Public Health and Administration School of Health Sciences Biaka University Institut of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Macronutrients serve as a source of energy for both gut microbiota and its host. An increase or decrease in macronutrients can either increase or decrease the composition of gut microbiota, leading to gut dysbiosis which has been implicated in many diseases state including non-communicable diseases. To achieve this, seven diets were formulated by restricting 60% of each macronutrient. These diets were fed on 42 albino rats (Wistar), divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 was fed on a normal laboratory chow diet (ND), group 2 received a fat-restricted diet (FRD), group 3 received a protein-restricted diet, (PFD), group 4 received a carbohydrate-restricted diet (CRD), group 5 received a protein and fat-restricted diet (PFRD), group 6 re-ceived a carbohydrate and fat-restricted diet (CFRD) and group 7 received a carbohydrate and protein-restricted diet (CPRD). Feed and water intake were given ad libitum and daily weight and food intake were recorded. The experiment went on for 4 weeks after which animals were sacrificed and intestinal content and blood were collected for analysis (gut microbial composition, glucose, insulin levels, serum lipid, and enzyme). Compared to the control group results showed a decrease in Bacteroides (40.50 - 14.00 CFU), HDL (68.20 - 40.40 mg/dl), and AST (66.62 - 64.74 U/L) in FRD. An increase in AST (66.6 - 69.43 U/L), Bifidobacterial (59.50 - 92.00 CFU) and decreased Bacteroides (40.5 - 19.5 CFU) for PRD was also recorded. CRD reduced Lactobacillus (73 - 33.5 CFU), total bacterial count (129 - 48 CFU), HDL (68.2 - 30.8 mg/dl), and cholesterol (121.44 - 88.65 mg/dl) whereas intestinal composition of E. coli (30.5 - 51.5 CFU) increased. PFRD increased Lactobacillus (73.00 - 102.5 CFU), Bifidobacterial (59.5 - 100 CFU), HDL (68.2 - 74.7 mg/dl), and Triglyceride (111.67 - 146.67 mg/dl) concentration. Meanwhile, a reduction in Bifidobacterial (59.5 - 41.5 CFU), and an increasing of AST (66.62 - 70.30 U/l) were recorded for CFRD. However,

关键词： Diets Dysbiosis Gut Microbiome Lipid Profile Serum Enzymes Non-Communicable Disease Gut Microbiota Gut Dysbiosis Restricted Diet

Occurrence of Extreme Rainfall and Flood Risks in Yopougon, Abidjan, Southeast Côte d’Ivoire from 1971 to 2022

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第3期13卷 427-451页

作者： Kolotioloma Alama Coulibaly Pauline Agoh Dibi-Anoh Bi Néné Jules Tah Hervé Anoh Kouadio Christophe N’da Serge Camille Ahilé Kouakou bernard Djè Daouda Konaté Geography Department Felix Houphouet-Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire National Meteorological Service Socit dExploitation et de Dveloppement Aroportuaire Aronautique et Mtorologique Abidjan Cte dIvoire BRL Ingnierie-Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire Graduate School of Education Lesley University Cambridge MA USA

Yopougon, located in the western part of the Autonomous District of Abidjan, is the most heavily populated municipality in Côte d’Ivoire. However, this area is prone to floods and landslides during the rainy season. The study aims to assess recent flood risks in the municipality of Yopougon of the Autonomous District of Abidjan. To achieve this objective, the study analyzed two types of data: daily rainfall from 1971 to 2022 and parameters derived from a Numerical Field and Altitude Model (NFAM). The study examined six rainfall parameters using statistical analysis and combined land use maps obtained from the NFAM of Yopougon. The results indicated that, in 67% of cases, extreme rainfall occurred mainly between week 3 of May and week 1 of July. The peak of extreme rainfall was observed in week 2 of June with 15% of cases. These are critical periods of flood risks in the Autonomous District of Abidjan, especially in Yopougon. In addition, there was variability of rainfall parameters in the Autonomous District of Abidjan. This was characterized by a drop of annual and seasonal rainfall, and an increase of numbers of rainy days. Flood risks in Yopougon are, therefore, due to the regular occurrence of rainy events. Recent floods in Yopougon were caused by normal rains ranging from 55 millimeters (mm) to 153 mm with a return period of less than five years. Abnormal heavy rains of a case study on June 20-21, 2022 in Yopougon were detected by outputs global climate models. Areas of very high risk of flood covered 18% of Yopougon, while 31% were at high risk. Climate information from this study can assist authorities to take in advance adaptation and management measures.

关键词： Yopougon-Abidjan Extreme Rainfall Rainy Day Return Period Flood Risk Areas

The influence of pressure waves in tidal gravity records

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第1期14卷 15-25页

作者： bernard Ducarme Catholic University of Louvain Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research(ELI)Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium

For the reduction of atmospheric effects,observed gravity has initially been corrected by using the computed barometric admittance k of the in situ measured pressure,expressed in nms-2/hPa units and estimated by least squares ***,the local pressure changes alone cannot account for the atmospheric mass attraction and loading when the coherent pressure field exceeds a specific size,i.e.,with increasing *** overcome this difficulty,it is necessary to compute the total atmospheric effect at each station using the global pressure ***,the direct subtraction of the total gravity effect,provided by the models of pressure correction,is not yet satisfactory for S2 and other tidal components,such as K2 and P1,which include solar heating pressure *** paper identifies the origin of the problem and presents strategies to obtain a satisfactory ***,we set up a difference vector between the tidal factors of M2 and S2 after correction of the pressure and ocean tides *** vector,hereafter denoted as RES,presents the advantage of being practically insensitive to calibration *** minimum discrepancy between the tidal parameters of M2 and S2 corresponds to the minimum of the RES vector norm *** we adopt the hybrid pressure correction method,separating the local and the global pressure contribution of the models and replacing the local contribution by the pressure measured at the station multiplied by an admittance *** tested this procedure on 8 stations from the IGETS superconducting gravimeters network(former GGP network).For stations at an altitude lower than 1000 m,the value of dopt is always smaller *** discrepancy between the tidal parameters of the M2 and S2 waves is always lower than0.05% on the amplitude factors and 0.025° on the *** these stations,a correlation exists between the altitude and the value *** results at the three Central European stations Conrad,Pecny and Vienna are

关键词： Atmospheric pressure waves Atmospheric pressure correction in tidal records Atmospheric pressure models ERA5 and MERRA-2

A Fresh Look at the Structures of Nylons and the Brill Transition

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2021年第4期3卷 203-209页

作者： bernard Lotz Institut Charles Sadron CNRS and Universitéde Strasbourg23Rue du Loess67034 StrasbourgFrance

The common knowledge of the crystal structures of nylons dates back to the early 1950s with the work of Bunn and *** describes the packing of sheets made of hydrogen-bonded stems in an extended chain *** alpha phase structures have a specific powder X-ray diffraction pattern with reflections at 4.4Åand 3.7Å.On heating,reflections trans-form progressively and merge at≈4.2Åat the so-called“Brill transition”.Other diffraction patterns have been recorded for different types of nylons and thermal *** patterns were interpreted only as indicating the existence of“variants”of the alpha ***,neither their structure,nor the origin of the Brill transition were *** structural analyses and molecular modeling approaches have provided new insights in these long-standing structural ***“variants”feature chain conformations that are“pleated”.The Brill transition does not involve the standard extended chains of the alpha phase but corresponds to a dynamic interconversion(≈10^(10)/s)between mirror conformations of these pleated stems.

关键词： Nylons Crystal structures Phase transitions Brill transition

After Sendai:Is Africa Bouncing Back or Bouncing Forward from Disasters?

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2016年第1期7卷 41-53页

作者： bernard Manyena International Disaster Management Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute University of Manchester

The 187 countries that adopted the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 at the March 2015 UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction included most African countries. Many developing regions of the world, particularly in Asia and Latin America, made considerable progress in implementing the previous Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015. But,despite the fact that Africa is one of the regions most vulnerable and least resilient to disasters, which continue to be exacerbated by poverty, climate change, rapid urbanization, and structural transformation, it saw only slow progress. This article considers the challenges Africa faces in implementing the Sendai Framework and recommends that besides ‘‘Africanizing'' Sendai goals and strengthening the region's political commitment to disaster risk reduction(DRR), Africa should also develop a single framework that integrates DRR, sustainable development, climate change adaptation, and conflict prevention. Equally important is the need for a strong recognition that disasters are created endogenously as well as exogenously, and thus require local solutions and local investment.

关键词： Sub-Saharan Africa Climate change adaptation Disaster risk reduction Resilience Sendai framework Sustainable development