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Primary feather vane asymmetry should not be used to predict the flight capabilities of feathered fossils

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Science Bulletin 2017年第18期62卷 1227-1228页

作者： Xia Wang Robert l.Nudds Colin Palmer gareth J.Dyke School of Biological Science and Technology University of Jinan Faculty of life Sciences University of Manchester Department of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Evolutionary Zoology University of Debrecen

Reconstructing flight abilities of fossil birds from preserved wings and feathers is an important goal if we are to understand the evolution of ***-shape is known to correlate well with bird flight style[1],but functional wing-shape is almost impossible to reconstruct from fossils with a high degree of *** contrast,however,individual primary feathers are often

关键词：飞行能力不对称性羽毛化石预测应用高度确定诊断工具

Intercontinental and intracontinental biogeography——patterns and methods

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第5期47卷 327-329页

作者： Stefanie M. ICKERT-bond UA Museum of the North Herbarium and Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks

The study of biogeography has benefited from the exponential increase of DNA sequence data from recent molecular systematic studies

关键词： DIVA patterns and methods

Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl lászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). However, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

Cervical spinal cord injury: tailoring clinical trial endpoints to reflect meaningful functional improvements

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第16期9卷 1493-1497页

作者： lisa M.bond lisa McKerracher BioAxone BioSciences Inc.Cambridge MA USA McGill University Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Quebec Canada

Cervical spinal cord injury （SCI） results in partial to full paralysis of the upper and lower extrem- ities. Traditional primary endpoints for acute SCI clinical trials are too broad to assess functional recovery in cervical subjects, raising the possibility of false positive outcomes in trials for cervical SCI. Endpoints focused on the recovery of hand and arm control （e.g., upper extremity motor score, motor level change） show the most potential for use as primary outcomes in upcoming trials of cervical SCI. As the field moves forward, the most reliable way to ensure meaningful clinical testing in cervical subjects may be the development of a composite primary endpoint that measures both neurological recovery and functional improvement.

关键词： spinal cord injury SCI cervical clinical trial endpoint Cethrin UEMS

The great catastrophe: causes of the Permo-Triassic marine mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： Paul B.Wignall David P.G.bond School of Earth & Environment University of Leeds School of Environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever experienced. All groups were badly affected, especially amongst the benthos(e.g. brachiopods, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). Planktonic populations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being replaced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulphur bacteria, sulphate-reducing bacteria and prasinophytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, especially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling the Permo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beginning and end of this interval painting a picture of a two-phase extinction. Improved knowledge of the extinction has been supported by numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse proposed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections globally, although the intensity and timing shows regional variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rapidly rising temperatures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and high *** kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting support from geochemical proxies and, even less likely, siltation(burial under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks substantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrophic changes at the end of the Permian was likely Siberian Trap eruptions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter episodes stemming from Siberian volcanism have also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these episodes(lming evidence for rapid warming during the crisis makes this an unlikely cause. Finally, whilst the extinction is well studied in equatorial latitudes, a different history is found in northern Boreal latitudes

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation productivity collapse volcanic winter

Recent trends in the use of polyoxometalate-based material for efficient water oxidation

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第12期54卷 1877-1887页

作者： HAN ZhanGang bond Alan M ZHAO Chuan School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

Polyoxometalates （POMs）, with their attractive topological and electronic properties, have been demonstrated over the last few decades to be efficient catalysts for many reactions. In a new direction, POMs having a purely inorganic framework are now being explored as efficient catalysts for water oxidation. This review focuses on very recent developments of POM-based catalysts for water oxidation to O2. In the very extensive family of POMs, tetra-core sandwich-type Ru- and Co-containing POM complexes, namely [Ru404（OH）2（H20）4（y-SiW10O36）2]10- and [CO4（H2O）2（a-PWgO34）2]10- exhibit the ability to facilitate water oxidation under electrocatalytic and/or photocatalytic conditions. However, it is concluded that much work still needs to be done to explain the catalytic mechanisms and optimize these catalytic systems. In addition, recent trends in using ionic liquids as media to modify the electrolytic environment and enhance water oxidation are highlighted.

关键词： polyoxometalate water oxidation catalysis electrochemistry photochemistry energy

Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William J.Flerlage Mark l.Dell’Acqua Brian M.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

Pro-resolving lipid mediator reduces amyloid-β42–induced gene expression in human monocyte–derived microglia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 873-886页

作者： Ying Wang Xiang Zhang Henrik Biverstål Nicolas GBazan Shuai Tan Nailin li Makiko Ohshima Marianne Schultzberg Xiaofei li Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences&SocietyDivision of NeurogeriatricsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Department of Neurology Neuroscience CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden Neuroscience Center of Excellence Louisiana State UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA Department of Medicine SolnaClinical Pharmacology GroupKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden

Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators including maresin 1 mediate resolution but the levels of these are reduced in Alzheimer's disease brain, suggesting that they constitute a novel target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease to prevent/stop inflammation and combat disease pathology. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether they counteract the expression of genes and proteins induced by amyloid-β. With this objective, we analyzed the relevance of human monocyte–derived microglia for in vitro modeling of neuroinflammation and its resolution in the context of Alzheimer's disease and investigated the pro-resolving bioactivity of maresin 1 on amyloid-β42–induced Alzheimer's disease–like inflammation. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data and secreted proteins in supernatants from the monocyte-derived microglia showed that the monocyte-derived microglia resembled Alzheimer's disease–like neuroinflammation in human brain microglia after incubation with amyloid-β42. Maresin 1 restored homeostasis by down-regulating inflammatory pathway related gene expression induced by amyloid-β42 in monocyte-derived microglia, protection of maresin 1 against the effects of amyloid-β42 is mediated by a re-balancing of inflammatory transcriptional networks in which modulation of gene transcription in the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway plays a major part. We pinpointed molecular targets that are associated with both neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic targets by maresin 1. In conclusion, monocyte-derived microglia represent a relevant in vitro microglial model for studies on Alzheimer's disease-like inflammation and drug response for individual patients. Maresin 1 ameliorates amyloid-β42–induced changes in several genes of importance in Alzheimer's disease, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β maresin microglia monocyte neuroinflammation resolution RNA-sequencing specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator

A fossil-calibrated relaxed clock for Ephedra indicates an Oligocene age for the divergence of Asian and New World clades and Miocene dispersal into South America

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第5期47卷 444-456页

作者： Stefanie M.ICKERT-bond Catarina RYDIN Susanne S.RENNER University of Alaska UA Museum of the North Herbarium and Institute of Arctic Biology Institute of Systematic Botany University of Zurich University of Munich Systematic Botany and Mycology

Ephedra comprises approximately 50 species,which are roughly equally distributed between the Old and New World deserts,but not in the intervening regions(amphitropical range).Great heterogeneity in the substitution rates of Gnetales(Ephedra,Gnetum,and Welwitschia) has made it difficult to infer the ages of the major divergence events in Ephedra,such as the timing of the Beringian disjunction in the genus and the entry into South ***,we use data from as many Gnetales species and genes as available from GenBank and from a recent study to investigate the timing of the major divergence *** of the tradeoff between the amount of missing data and taxon/gene sampling,we reduced the initial matrix of 265 accessions and 12 loci to 95 accessions and 10 loci,and further to 42 species(and 7736 aligned nucleotides) to achieve stationary distributions in the Bayesian molecular clock *** from a relaxed clock with an uncorrelated rates model and fossil-based calibration reveal that New World species are monophyletic and diverged from their mostly Asian sister clade some 30 mya,fitting with many other Beringian *** split between the single North American and the single South American clade occurred approximately 25 mya,well before the closure of the Panamanian ***,the biogeographic history of Ephedra appears dominated by long-distance dispersal,but finer-scale studies are needed to test this hypothesis.

关键词： biogeography Ephedra relaxed molecular clock dating uncorrelated rates model.