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On the trails of markers and proxies:the socio-cognitive technologies of human movement,knowledge assemblage,and their relevance to the etiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2011年第2期30卷 85-95页

作者： David turnbull Victorian Eco-Innovation Lab (VEIL) Architecture Faculty University of Melbourne

Bacteria,pigs,rats,pots,plants,words,bones,stones,earrings,diseases,and genetic indicators of all varieties are markers and proxies for the complexity of interweaving trails and stories integral to understanding human movement and knowledge assemblage in Southeast Asia and around the *** human movement and knowledge assemblage is central to comprehending the genetic basis of disease,especially of a cancer like nasopharyngeal *** problem is that the markers and trails,taken in isolation,do not all tell the same *** movement and knowledge assemblage are in constant interaction in an adaptive process of co-production with genes,terrain,climate,sea level changes,kinship relations,diet,materials,food and transport technologies,social and cognitive technologies,and knowledge strategies and *** carcinoma is the outcome of an adaptive process involving physical,social,and genetic components.

关键词：知识传播人体运动遗传标记运输技术鼻咽癌社会代理创新

Preliminary Study of Ideal Operational MHD Beta Limit in HL-2A Tokamak Plasmas

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Plasma Science and Technology 2009年第2期11卷 131-136页

作者：沈勇董家齐何宏达 A.D.turnbull Southwestern Institute of Physics Zhejiang University General Atomics

Magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） n=1 kink mode with n the toroidal mode number is studied and the operational beta limit, constrained by the mode, is calculated for the equilibrium of HL-2A by using the GATO code. Approximately the same beta limit is obtained for configurations with a value of the axial safety factor q0 both larger and less than 1. Without the stabilization of the conducting wall, the beta limit is found to be 0.821% corresponding to a normalized beta value of βN^c=2.56 for a typical HL-2A discharge with a plasma current Ip=0.245 MA, and the scaling of βN^c -constant is confirmed.

关键词： MHD instability HL-2A tokamak beta limit

Sources of transcription variation in Plasmodium falciparum

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第10期49卷 965-974页

作者： Lindsey B.turnbull Katrina A.Button-Simons Nestor Agbayani Michael T.Ferdig Department of Pediatrics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of Biological Sciences Eck Institute for Global HealthUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN 46556USA Rush School of Medicine ChicagoIL 60612USA

Variation in transcript abundance can contribute to both short-term environmental response and long-term evolutionary *** studies are designed to assess differences in mean transcription levels and do not consider other potentially important and confounding sources of transcriptional *** quantification of variation sources will improve our ability to detect and identify the mechanisms that contribute to genome-wide transcription changes that underpin adaptive *** quantify innate levels of expression variation,we measured m RNA levels for more than 5000 genes in the malaria parasite,Plasmodium falciparum,among clones derived from two parasite strains across biologically and experimentally replicated *** a mixed effects model,we partitioned the total variation among four sources—between strain,within strain,environmental batch effects,and stochastic *** found 646 genes with significant variation attributable to at least one of these *** genes were categorized by their predominant variation source and further examined using gene ontology enrichment analysis to associate function with each source of *** with environmental batch effect and within strain transcript variation may contribute to phenotypic plasticity,while genes with between strain variation may contribute to adaptive responses and processes that lead to parasite strain-specific survival under varied conditions.

关键词： Expression variation Malaria Transcription Cloning Microarray

Effects of vitamin supplementation on inflammatory markers and psychological wellbeing among distressed women:a randomized controlled trial

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第5期16卷 322-328页

作者： J.M.Oliver-Baxter H.S.Whitford D.A.turnbull M.J.Bond School of Psychology The University of Adelaide Sansom Institute for Health Research University of South Australia School of Medicine Flinders University

Background： Multivitamins are a popular supplement taken to promote physical and mental health. During periods of stress, they may have a protective role for health and wellbeing, although the current evidence of their efficacy is mixed. Objective： To determine whether multivitamin supplementation impacts psychological and inflammatory markers of women who are experiencing psychological distress. Design, setting, participants and interventions： An 8-week randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess changes in both psychological state and pro-inflammatory markers of patients receiving multivi- tamins or placebo. The sample comprised women who reported elevated psychological distress in the previous 4 weeks. Main outcome measures： Psychological state was assessed using Spielberger＇s State-Trait Personality Inventory to assess anxiety, curiosity, depression and anger. Pro-inflammatory markers comprised interleukin （IL）-113, IL-5, IL-6, turnout necrosis factor （TNF）-α and TNF-6. Results： Improvements across time were observed for all psychological measures and cytokines, except IL-5, but were independent of the active intervention. Only TNF-β demonstrated a significant differential change between groups over the course of the intervention, in favour of multivitamin supplementation （active group mean rank decreased from 11.1 to 7.1 ; placebo group mean rank decreased from 8.9 to 7.8）. Conclusion： The results suggest that administration of multivitamins was not effective in improving psychological stare. However, some evidence supported the positive impact of multivitamin supplementation on pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles of women currently experiencing stress.

关键词： Psychological stress Cytokines Vitamins Randomized controlled trial

Gastroenterology service in a teaching hospital in rural New Zealand, 1991-2003

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第5期15卷 583-590页

作者： Michael Schultz Andrew Davidson Sarah Donald Bogna Targonska Angus turnbull Susan Weggery Vicki Livingstone John D Dockerty Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Otago PO Box 913 Dunedin New Zealand and Department of Gastroenterology Dunedin Public Hospital Otago District Health Board Dunedin New Zealand Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand Department of Preventive and Social Medicine University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand

AIM: To retrospectively collect inpatient and outpatient data and to assess the use of endoscopic procedures during the years 1991, 1997 and 2003 to analyse for trends. METHODS: This retrospective survey was conducted in a University-associated Gastroenterology Unit offering secondary and tertiary health care services for a population of approximately 182 000 people in Southern New Zealand. Data collected included patient contacts (inand outpatients), gastroscopic and colonoscopic investigations. RESULTS: We observed a significant increase in the absolute numbers of patient contacts over the years (1991: 2308 vs 1997: 2022 vs 2003: 2783, P < 0.0001) with inflammatory bowel disease, other diseases of the colon, anus and rectum and iron studies related disorders decreasing significantly but liver disease and constipation increasing linearly over time. The use of endoscopy services remained relatively stable but colonoscopic investigations for a positive family history of colorectal cancer increased significantly while more gastroscopies were performed for unexplained anaemia. CONCLUSION: The whole spectrum of gastroenterology contacts was studied. A substantial proportion of colonoscopies and outpatient consultations were undertaken to screen for colorectal cancer. This proportion is likely to grow further. Our fi ndings have implications for the recruitment and training of the next generation of gastroenterologists.

关键词： Colonoscopy Colorectal cancer Diseasetrends Endoscopy Gastroenterology Hepatitis Inflammatory bowel disease Recruitment Workforce

Modified thin manual Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty with air-guided, non-pachymetric donor lenticule dissection: outcomes of graft thickness and complication rate

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第2期13卷 342-345页

作者： Abdo Karim Tourkmani Andrew M J turnbull Parwez N Hossain Aristides Konstantopoulos David F Anderson Cornea and External Eye Disease Service Department of OphthalmologyUniversity Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK.

●AIM:To describe a modified technique of donor lenticule dissection for thin manual Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty(TM-DSEK).●METHODS:Donor material was soaked in balanced salt solution(BSS)for 30 min,before being mounted on an artificial anterior chamber(AAC).Rather than BSS,the AAC was filled with filtered air,resulting in a visible reflection at the corneal endothelium-air *** reflection served as a landmark for the depth of the dissection,facilitating the creation of a thin lenticule with low risk of *** was commenced at a standardized depth of 500 microns,with no initial pachymetry *** 29 donor corneas were dissected by a novice TM-DSEK *** time,central graft thickness at 2 mo and complications were analysed.●RESULTS:Results were similar to other endothelial keratoplasty techniques,despite the cases being performed by a novice DSEK *** dissection time was 7 min(range 6-10).One graft perforation occurred(3.45%),but the air tamponaded the break and enabled dissection to be restarted and completed from a different *** central graft thickness after at least two months follow-up was 106 microns(range 25-170).●CONCLUSION:A problem with manual DSEK is the risk of graft perforation by attempting to dissect too thin a lenticule,or creating a thick graft due to fear of *** modified air-guided technique addresses this problem,and is recommended for surgeons either embarking on the learning curve,or who wish to achieve more consistently thin grafts while reducing perforation rates.

关键词： Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty manual donor lenticule dissection graft thickness

Organic photovoltaics for simultaneous energy harvesting and high-speed MIMO optical wireless communications

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第3期10卷 379-389页

作者： Iman Tavakkolnia Lethy K.Jagadamma Rui Bian Pavlos P.Manousiadis Stefan Videv Graham A.turnbull Ifor D.W.Samuel Harald Haas LiFi Research and Development Centre Department of Elearonic&Electrical EngineeringThe University of StrathclydeTechnology&Innovation Centre99 George StreetGlasgow G11RDUK Organic Semiconductor Centre SUPASchool of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews KY169SSUK pureLiFi Rosebery House9 Haymarket TerraceEdinburgh EH125EZUK

We show that organic photovoltaics(OPVs)are suitable for high-speed optical wireless data receivers that can also harvest *** addition,these OPVs are of particular interest for indoor applications,as their bandgap is larger than that of silicon,leading to better matching to the spectrum of artificial *** selecting a suitable combination of a narrow bandgap donor polymer and a nonfullerene acceptor,stable OPVs are fabricated with a power conversion efficiency of 8.8%under 1 Sun and 14%under indoor lighting *** an optical wireless communication experiment,a data rate of 363 Mb/s and a simultaneous harvested power of 10.9 mW are achieved in a 4-by-4 multipleinput multiple-output(MIMO)setup that consists of four laser diodes,each transmitting 56 mW optical power and four OPV cells on a single panel as receivers at a distance of 40 *** result is the highest reported data rate using OPVs as data receivers and energy *** finding may be relevant to future mobile communication applications because it enables enhanced wireless data communication performance while prolonging the battery life in a mobile device.

关键词： MIMO simultaneous lighting

Practice, Behavior, Knowledge and Awareness of Food Safety among Secondary &Tertiary Level Students in Trinidad, West Indies

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第15期5卷 1463-1481页

作者： Susan turnbull-Fortune Neela Badrie Department of Food Production Faculty of Food and Agriculture The University of the West Indies St Augustine Trinidad

The aim of this study was to assess the level of food safety practice, knowledge, behavior and awareness among n = 205 Trinidadian students (mean age 18±) enrolled within the education system in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies and to explore the association between these variables and the demographic and educational characteristics. To address these concerns, participants enrolled within the secondary (high school) and tertiary (university) institutions in Trinidad were questioned (16 questions) on food buying habits, preparation, attitudes, behaviors, knowledge and awareness. The data were analyzed using SPSS for descriptive, frequency distribution and percentages. Pearson chi square tested the association between food safety behaviors and awareness in relation to gender, age and educational level. Findings indicated that 76%of the students “always” washed their hands after touching raw chicken/meats and fish, while 50% utilized separate cutting boards/knives for raw chicken/meat and fish. Many students (68%) believed that it was “very safe” to only rinse cutting boards used for raw chicken/meat and fish. Others (10%) believed it was “very safe” to defrost foods outside the refrigerator, and 25% reported that it was “safe” to leave hot foods at room temperature for more than four hours. The level of food safety practice and behavior was higher (p < 0.05) among the female students at the secondary school level than those at the tertiary level. There was no difference in the median (20/45) and mode (25/45) scores for food safety behavior between the two educational groups but the difference (p < 0.01) was significant for awareness. Food safety practice, behavior and awareness skills of males at the secondary level were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than the females. These results strengthen the need for continuous educational programs to improve food safety awareness skills of Trinidadian students.

关键词： Food Safety Behavior Awareness Secondary and Tertiary Trinidad

Management characteristics and prognosis after stroke in China:findings from a large nationwide stroke registry

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： Haiqiang Qin Yiping Chen Gaifen Liu Iain turnbull Runhua Zhang Zixiao Li Yilong Wang Liping Liu Xingquan Zhao Zhengming Chen Yongjun Wang Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina Center of Stroke Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease BeijingChina Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Clinical Trial Service Unit&Epidemiological Studies Unit Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK

Background and purpose There is limited nationwide evidence about the standard management characteristics of stroke types and prognosis in *** study aimed to assess clinical characteristics,in-hospital and after-discharge management characteristics and prognosis for stroke types in *** A nationwide registry recruited 14244 imaging-confirmed first-ever incident strokes from 132 hospitals across 31 provinces of China during 2007-2008,recording presenting characteristics,diagnostic procedures and in-hospital *** hospital discharge,patients were followed up for 6 *** statistical methods were used to examine the patterns of management and *** Overall,68.7%,26.9%and 4.4%were ischaemic stroke(IS),intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH),and subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH),*** 20%were managed in a dedicated stroke *** IS,1.3%received thrombolysis within 3 hours after symptom onset,whereas the proportions of receiving in-hospital antiplatelet therapy,neuroprotective agents and traditional Chinese medicines(TCM)were 88.4%,69.7%and 70.6%,*** ICH,63.3%and 36.3%received neuroprotective agents and TCM in hospital,*** discharge,70.7%and 38.0%of the patients with IS were given antiplatelet and statin therapies,respectively,decreasing to 64.8%and 23.9%,respectively,at 6 ***-hospital mortality was 3.2%,9.3%and 10.1%for IS,ICH and SAH,respectively,with a further 8.6%,18.2%and 22.0%,respectively,died by 6 ***,in-hospital recurrence rate was 2.6%,1.9%and 7.2%for IS,ICH and SAH,respectively,with a further 8.0%,5.1%and 7.5%,respectively,recurred by 6 *** In China,the mortality rate of stroke is lower than that reported from west populations,though most strokes are not managed in specialised stroke *** is widespread use of some unproven therapies but limited proven treatments,especially after discharge,leading to unnecessary recurrent risks.

关键词： protective prognosis mortality