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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 1-12页

作者： Sarah Joanne Christine Whitfield Jane Elizabeth Risdall gareth griffiths Ethel Diane Williamson Alun James Carter Department of Biomedical Sciences Defence Science and Technology Laboratory Porton Down Wiltshire UK Department of Anaesthesia University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Medicine Washington University St. Louis Missouri USA

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) is considered a potential biological weapon. It is toxic by both inhalation and ingestion. Effects of ingestion include fever, vomiting and diarrhoea, while inhalation may additionally result in chest pain, dyspnoea, pulmonary oedema and respiratory failure. Severe exposure may be fatal and treatment relies on symptomatic support. At a cellular level, SEB up-regulates T-cell proliferation leading to a pathological inflammatory response. Deguelin, a rotenoid isolated from the African plant Mundulea sericea (Leguminosae), has been shown to reduce cellular proliferation by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) signalling pathway. Using isolated murine splenocytes, we have demonstrated that treatment with deguelin reduces SEB inducing T cell proliferation by 60%. Deguelin treatment also decreased IL-2 and CCL2 secretion by splenocytes exposed to SEB. We demonstrate that targeting cellular proliferation can significantly reduce inflammation after SEB exposure and suggest that anti-proliferatives may have a role as potential generic medical counter measures if superantigens are used as biological weapons.

关键词： Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Deguelin Therapy Inflammation Biological Weapon

Extramural vascular invasion and response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer: influence of the CpG island methylator phenotype

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第5期9卷 209-217页

作者： Jeremy Stuart Williamson Huw Geraint Jones Namor Williams Anthony Paul griffiths gareth Jenkins John Beynon Dean Anthony Harris Department of General and Colorectal Surgery Singleton Hospital Department of Pathology Singleton Hospital Department of Life Sciences Swansea University

To identify whether CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is predictive of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) and outcomes in rectal cancer. METHODSPatients undergoing NACRT and surgical resection for rectal cancer in a tertiary referral centre between 2002-2011 were identified. Pre-treatment tumour biopsies were analysed for CIMP status (high, intermediate or low) using methylation specific PCR. KRAS and BRAF status were also determined using pyrosequencing analysis. Clinical information was extracted from case records and cancer services databases. Response to radiotherapy was measured by tumour regression scores determined upon histological examination of the resected specimen. The relationship between these molecular features, response to NACRT and oncological outcomes were analysed. RESULTSThere were 160 patients analysed with a median follow-up time of 46.4 mo. Twenty-one (13%) patients demonstrated high levels of CIMP methylation (CIMP-H) and this was significantly associated with increased risk of extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) compared with CIMP-L [8/21 (38%) vs 15/99 (15%), P = 0.028]. CIMP status was not related to tumour regression after radiotherapy or survival, however EMVI was significantly associated with adverse survival (P < 0.001). Intermediate CIMP status was significantly associated with KRAS mutation (P = 0.01). There were 14 (9%) patients with a pathological complete response (pCR) compared to 116 (73%) patients having no or minimal regression after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Those patients with pCR had median survival of 106 mo compared to 65.8 mo with minimal regression, although this was not statistically significant (P = 0.26). Binary logistic regression analysis of the relationship between EMVI and other prognostic features revealed, EMVI positivity was associated with poor overall survival, advanced “T” stage and CIMP-H but not nodal status, age, sex, KRAS mutation status and presence of local or systemic recurre

关键词： Rectal cancer CpG islands Methylation

A 3D Print Repository for Plant Phenomics

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 405-408页

作者： M.griffiths Noble Research Institute LLC2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK 73401USA

*** In recent years,3D printing has become a transformative technology for the printing of custom-designed objects outside of traditional manufacturing *** technology has improved significantly with faster printing sp... 详细信息

关键词： printing Printer faster

SYNTHESIS AND LIGHTFASTNESS PROPERTIES OF DYES CONTAINING HINDERED PIPERIDINE RESIDUES AS INTERNAL STABILIZING GROUPS

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Journal of China Textile University(English Edition) 1991年第4期9卷 24-33页

作者：戴瑾瑾 John griffiths Department of Textile Chemical Engineering CTU Department of Colour Chemistry Univ.of LeedsU.K.

The representative azo and anthraquinone dyes containing an insulated hindered piperidinegroup were *** effect of these pendent groups on lightfastness properties of the dyeswas studied,both in ethyl acetate solution and on cellulose acetate and polyester *** differ-ent trend of fading rates of azo dyes and anthraquinone dyes in solution and on substrates suggestsdifferent fading mechanisms operating in each case.

关键词： lightfastness synthesis dyes hindered piperidine group intra-molecular stabilized dye

Navigating reflux disease after achalasia treatments:Balancing risks and benefits

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第21期30卷 2740-2743页

作者： Ewen A griffiths Enoch Wong Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWWest MidlandsUnited Kingdom Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTWest MidlandsUnited Kingdom

The peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)procedure has revolutionized the management of achalasia in many centres around the world as it offers patients a minimally invasive endoscopic solution to their dysphagia caused by *** its success in alleviating dysphagia,concerns regarding postoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease have emerged as a pertinent issue which are not fully *** this study,Nabi et al have comprehensively reviewed the topic of the prediction,prevention and management of gastroesophageal reflux after *** is a purely endoscopic procedure which is usually performed without any anti-reflux *** patients may be better served by a laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy and fundoplication and it is important that gastroenterologists and surgeons provide comprehensive risks and benefits of each achalasia treatment option so that patients can decide what treatment is best for *** article by Nabi et al provides a comprehensive review of the current status of this issue to allow these discussions to occur.

关键词： Achalasia Gastro-esophageal reflux disease Laparoscopic heller’s myotomy Peroral endoscopic myotomy Fundoplication

Calculation of reservoir capacity loss due to sediment deposition in the Muela reservoir,Northern Lesotho

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第2期5卷 130-140页

作者： Liphapang Khaba James Andrew griffiths Water and Environmental Engineering School of the Built EnvironmentLerotholi PolytechnicMoshoeshoe RoadP.O.Box 16Maseru 100Lesotho Department of Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Ningbo China199 Taikang East RoadNingbo 315100ZhejiangChina

Bathymetry survey records of the Muela Reservoir in norther Lesotho were obtained from the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority(LHDA)with the aim of identifying reservoir storage apacity loss due to sediment deposition,between 1985 and *** this purpose,data from eight surveys completed between 1985 and January 2015 were analyzed to quantify bathymetric change between each *** interpolation methods(inverse distance weighting Kriging,natural neighbor,and spline),were used to create digital terrain models from each survey *** addition,a triangulated irregular network(TIN)surface was created from each *** average reservoir storage capacity loss of 15,400 m^(3)/year was determined across the whole per iod between 1985 and early 2015,based on *** the results indicate high inter-annual variability in the rate of reservoir capacity reduction,consideration of errors in the surveying and reservoir volumetric calculation methods suggest that rates of reservoir volume reduction can vary between 11,400 m/year and 18,200 m/year.

关键词： Reservoir Bathymetry Sedimentation Lesotho

C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the soil microbial biomass in a grazed grassland site under experimental P limitation or exces

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 66-76页

作者： Bryan S griffiths Annette Spilles Michael Bonkowski Teagasc Environment Research CentreJohnstown CastleWexfordCoWexfordIreland Current address:SAC King's BuildingsWest Mains RoadEdinburgh EH93JGUK Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität zu Köln Zoologisches Institut Abt.TerrestrischeÖkologieBiowissenschaftliches ZentrumOtto-Fischer-Str.6D-50674KölnGermany

Introduction:The availability of essential nutrients,such as nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),can feedback on soil carbon(C)and the soil microbial *** cycles can be supplemented by agricultural fertiliser addition,and we determined whether the stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the microbial biomass could be affected by an unbalanced nutrient ***:Samples were taken from a long-term trial(in effect since 1968)with annual applications of 0,15 and 30 kg P ha^(−1) with constant N and *** and microbial biomass CNP contents were measured and nutrient limitation assessed by substrate-induced *** regression and discriminant analyses were used to identify the variables explaining nutrient ***:Soil and biomass CNP increased with increasing P fertiliser,and there was a significant,positive,correlation between microbial biomass P and biomass C,apart from at the highest level of P fertilisation when the microbial biomass was over-saturated with *** molar ratios of C:N:P in the microbial biomass remained constant(homeostatic)despite large changes in the soil nutrient *** growth was generally limited by C and N,except in soil with no added P when C and P were the main limiting nutrients.C,N and P,however,did not explain all the growth limitation on the soils with no added ***:Increased soil C and N were probably due to increased net primary *** results confirm that C:N:P ratios within the microbial biomass were constrained(***)under near optimum soil *** with no added P were characterised by strong microbial P limitation and soils under high P by over-saturation of microorganisms with *** changes in biomass C:P can be indicative of nutrient limitation within a site.

关键词： Carbon Nitrogen Nutrient limitation Phosphorus Soil microbial biomass Stoichiometry

Adult neurogenesis from reprogrammed astrocytes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 973-979页

作者： Brian B.griffiths Anvee Bhutani Creed M.Stary Department of Anesthesiology Pain & Perioperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine

The details of adult neurogenesis,including environmental triggers,region specificity,and species homology remain an area of intense *** or halting age-related cognitive dysfunction,or restoring neurons lost to disease or injury represent just a fraction of potential therapeutic *** neurons can derive from stem cells,pluripotent neural progenitor cells,or non-neuronal glial cells,such as *** must be epigenetically"reprogrammed"to become neurons,which can occur both naturally in vivo,and via artificial exogenous *** neural progenitor cells are localized to a few neurogenic zones in the adult brain,astrocytes populate almost every brain *** this review,we will summarize recent research into neurogenesis that arises from conversion of post-mitotic astrocytes,detail the genetic and epigenetic pathways that regulate this process,and discuss the possible clinical relevance in supplementing stem-cell neurogenic therapies.

关键词： astrocyte brain dedifferentiation development disease glia injury neurogenesis

Influences of harvester and weather conditions on field loss and milling quality of rough rice

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第4期10卷 216-223页

作者： Ragab Khir griffiths Atungulu Ding Chao Zhongli Pan Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of AgricultureSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt Department of Food Science University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA College of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and EconomiesNanjingJiangsu 210023China Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit Western Regional Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceU.S.Department of AgricultureAlbanyCA 94710USA

A better understanding of factors affecting field losses and milling quality during harvest is needed to improve the economic value of *** main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of harvester header,harvester type,and weather conditions on field loss and milling quality of rough *** popular harvesters equipped with different headers:John Deere 9870 with header D60-S,John Deere 9860 with header D972-S,Hardy,and John Deere 9770 with stripper header were evaluated in this *** header and total field losses of rice were evaluated for each harvester under regular,rainy and windy weather *** were conducted in a rice field cultivated with medium grain rice,variety M206,at Grimes,*** rice yield(TRY),head rice yield(HRY)and whiteness index(WI)were examined to evaluate the effect of weather conditions on milling *** obtained results revealed that the rice field loss was affected by harvester header and type,and weather *** the conventional headers,D60-S significantly reduced the rice loss compared to the D972-S and the *** with John Deere 9860 resulted in significant header and field loss compared to other tested *** average loss increased from 236.2 kg/hm^(2)and 445.2 kg/hm^(2)under regular condition to 711.1 kg/hm^(2)and 907.9 kg/hm^(2)under windy condition for John Deere 9870 and John Deere 9860,*** corresponding loss percentages increased from 2.6%and 4.9%to 7.9%and 10.1%.HRY was significantly affected by weather condition at harvest ***,the weather condition had no significant effect on TRY and *** minimize the rice field loss and obtain good milling quality,commercial rice harvesting during regular weather conditions is important.A proper combination of harvester type and header could be vital for reducing the rice loss.

关键词： rice harvesters field loss weather conditions milling quality harvester header

Potential groundwater recharge zones within New Zealand

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 1065-1072页

作者： Shailesh Kumar Singh Malte Zeddies Ude Shankar George A.griffiths National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

Water resources in New Zealand are not evenly distributed across the country which makes it difficult to adequately allocate the use of water resources in every basin. Groundwater is a fundamental water resource in New Zealand for agricultural, industrial and domestic use. Detailed knowledge regarding groundwater recharge potential is a pre-requisite for sustainable groundwater management, including the assessment of its vulnerability to contamination by pollutants. In this study, a comprehensive GIS approach was used to map the potential groundwater recharge zones across New Zealand. National data sets of lithology, slope, aspect, land use, soil drainage and drainage density were converted to raster data sets with a spatial resolution of 500 m x 500 m and superimposed to derive groundwater potential zones. The resultant maps demonstrate that the potential is low in urban and mountainous areas, such as the Southern Alps, whereas the highest potential can be found in regions with large lakes and in the lower elevation plains areas, where Quaternary sediments prevail. The resulting maps can be used to identify areas of high nutrient leaching in zones where high groundwater recharge potential exists.

关键词： GIS Potential groundwater recharge map New Zealand