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Additively manufactured Ti–Ta–Cu alloys for the next-generation load-bearing implants

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International Journal of extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 353-374页

作者： Amit bandyopadhyay Indranath Mitra Sushant Ciliveri Jose D Avila William Dernell Stuart b Goodman Susmita bose W.M.Keck biomedical Materials Research Laboratory School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Department of Orthopedic Surgery Stanford University Medical CenterRedwood CityCA 94063United States of America

bacterial colonization of orthopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failure and clinical complexities for load-bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic administration of antibiotics may not offer the most efficient defense against colonization, especially in the case of secondary infection, leading to surgical removal of implants and in some cases even limbs. In this study, laser powder bed fusion was implemented to fabricate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixture of CpTi and Ti6Al4V powders. Ti-Tantalum(Ta)–Copper(Cu) alloys were further analyzed by the addition of Ta and Cu into the Ti3Al2V custom alloy. The biological,mechanical, and tribo-biocorrosion properties of Ti3Al2V alloy were evaluated. A 10 wt.% Ta(10Ta) and 3 wt.% Cu(3Cu) were added to the Ti3Al2V alloy to enhance biocompatibility and impart inherent bacterial resistance. Additively manufactured implants were investigated for resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains of bacteria for up to 48 h. A 3 wt.% Cu addition to Ti3Al2V displayed improved antibacterial efficacy, i.e.78%–86% with respect to CpTi. Mechanical properties for Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy were evaluated, demonstrating excellent fatigue resistance, exceptional shear strength, and improved tribological and tribo-biocorrosion characteristics when compared to Ti6Al4V. In vivo studies using a rat distal femur model revealed improved early-stage osseointegration for alloys with10 wt.% Ta addition compared to CpTi and Ti6Al4V. The 3 wt.% Cu-added compositions displayed biocompatibility and no adverse infammatory response in vivo. Our results establish the Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy’s synergistic effect on improving both in vivo biocompatibility and microbial resistance for the next generation of load-bearing metallic implants.

关键词： Ti6Al4V load-bearing implants additive manufacturing 3D printing antibacterial performance

Progression of e-ticketing implementation for state transportation agencies for asphalt materials

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Journal of Road engineering 2024年第1期4卷 80-92页

作者： Joshua Withrow Gabriel b.Dadi Hala Nassereddine Department of Civil engineering University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA Kentucky Transportation Cabinet FrankfortKY 40622USA

e-ticketing,which has been promoted by the Federal Highway Administration(FHWA)“every day counts”(eDC)initiative,utilizes software applications to digitally track and store information regarding highway construction materials paid by state transportation agencies(STAs)by weight in unit bid contract *** often face implementation barriers such as institutional inertia,or the resistance by stakeholders to adopt changes from the status quo,including new *** purpose of this paper is to determine the progression of STA e-ticketing policy adoption,specifically with a focus on asphalt paving operations,due to the COVID-19 *** accomplish this research effort,previous FHWA data,National Cooperative Highway Research Program(NCHRP)data,and other literatures are reviewed to determine an implementation *** data is collected from the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Committee on Con-struction to gain current feedback from STAs and their highway contractor partners after the COVID-19 ***,a case study featuring the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet(KYTC),the Kentucky Association of Highway Contractors(KAHC),and the Plantmix Asphalt Industry of Kentucky(PAIKY)is performed to provide more in-depth *** major finding includes a statistically significant result indicating increased imple-mentation of e-ticketing for asphalt operations within the last two years,along with noting benefits including employee safety,task loading,and project documentation along with concerns regarding cellular connectivity and procurement *** findings indicate the importance of STAs investing in partnership with con-tractors to improve stakeholder buy-in before proceeding towards e-ticketing adoption.

关键词： Asphalt paving Construction inspection e-ticketing COVID-19

Special issue:a tribute to Kevin *** on his 65th birthday

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Fungal Diversity 2021年第1期106卷 1-6页

作者： Jian-Kui Liu Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura eric H.C.McKenzie Lei Cai Jayarama D.bhat e.b.gareth jones Marc Stadler School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of botany Goa UniversityGoaIndia Department of botany and Microbiology King Saudi UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department Microbial Drugs Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research(HZI)and German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF)Partner Site Hannover-BraunschweigInhoffenstrasse 738124 BraunschweigGermany Curca Goa Velha 403108India

This special issue is dedicated to emeritus *** *** in recognition of his contributions to mycology on the occasion of his 65th *** was born on 3rd May *** a young man,his curiosity about animals and plants around his locality and gathering and identifying mushrooms shaped his later career as a great mycologist in the present *** an early desire to pursue biology,he obtained *** Zoology in 1979 from University of Wales,Cardiff,UK,his *** project being on duck *** became interested in the degradation of materials by microorganisms,and enrolled on a taught *** the biodeterioration of Materials at University of Portsmouth,UK,in *** part of the course,he undertook a dissertation in *** Portsmouth,Kevin first met Professor gareth jones,who shaped much of his career *** his passion for teaching and sharing knowledge with others,Kevin took a postgradu-ate certificate in education(PGCe)at bristol University。

关键词： gathering Wales shaped

Collective coherent emission of electrons in strong laser fields and perspective for hard x-ray lasers

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2024年第2期9卷 1-3页

作者： e.G.Gelfer A.M.Fedotov O.Klimo S.Weber extreme Light Infrastructure eRIC ELI Beamlines Facility25241 Dolní BřežanyCzech Republic HiLASe Centre Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences25241 Dolní BřežanyCzech Republic National Research Nuclear University MePhI Moscow 115409Russia FNSPe Czech Technical University in Prague11519 PragueCzech Republic

Coherent motion of particles in a plasma can imprint itself on *** recent advent of high-power lasers—allowing the nonlinear inverse Compton-scattering regime to be reached—has opened the possibility of looking at collective effects in laser–plasma *** certain conditions,the collective interaction of many electrons with a laser pulse can generate coherent radiation in the hard x-ray *** perspective paper explains the limitations under which such a regime might be attained.

关键词： laser scattering coherent

Advancing the National Immunization Program in an era of achieving universal vaccine coverage in China and beyond

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-5页

作者： Chen Shu Rodewald Lance e. Heng Du Anna Tang Shenglan ARC Centre of excellence in Population Ageing Research (CePAR) University of New South Wales Sydney Australia School of Risk and Actuarial Studies University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Department of the National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Immunization Program China CDC Beijing China China Country Office Bill &amp Melinda Gates Foundation Beijing China Duke Global Health Institute Duke University Durham NC USA Global Health Research Center Duke Kunshan University No. Duke Avenue Kunshan Jiangsu China SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute Duke-NUS Singapore Singapore

background Immunization is a cornerstone of public health. Despite great success, China’s National Immunization Program (NIP) faces challenges, such as the integration of several World Health Organization-recommended vaccines and other systemic issues. The Innovation Laboratory for Vaccine Delivery Research (VaxLab), supported by the bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and established in 2021 at Duke Kunshan University, focuses on enhancing China’s NIP through research and policy advocacy. This editorial aims to summarize the key findings of the manuscripts published in the collection contributed by VaxLab team and set the future research *** findings The collection contains eleven manuscripts discussing China’s immunization landscape and strategies to improve coverage, particularly for non-NIP vaccines like human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV),Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib), and rotavirus vaccines. Key findings include: (i) The COVID-19 vaccination campaign demonstrated China’s capacity for rapid, large-scale immunization efforts, suggesting potential for broader vaccine coverage improvements; (ii) efforts in combating cervical cancer through the HPV vaccine indicate progress but also highlight challenges like vaccine supply and equitable access; (iii) The lag in adopting higher-valent paediatric combination vaccines in China needs attention to address regulatory and health system hurdles; (iv) Disparities in access to non-NIP vaccines underscore the need for government initiatives to improve vaccine coverage, especially for remote areas and marginalized populations; (v) Original studies emphasize the influence of caregivers’ knowledge, health workers’ financial incentives, and concerns about vaccine efficacy on immunization rates; (vi) Case studies from the Weifang City of China and Indonesia to introduce PCV offer insights on successful vaccine introduction strategies and the impact of innovative financing and g

关键词： National Immunization Program New vaccine introduction Universal vaccine coverage Health system strengthening

Molecular characterization of an outbreak-involved bacillus anthracis strain confirms the spillover of anthrax from West Africa

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 93-94页

作者： Shuchao Wang Roland Suluku Mohamed b.Jalloh Ahmed F.Samba baogui Jiang Yubiao Xie Doris Harding Mengyao Zhang Foday Sahr Mahmud e.Sesay James S.Squire Mohamed A.Vandi Moinina N.Kallon Shoufeng Zhang Rongliang Hu Yuee Zhao Zhiqiang Mi Changchun Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun China Department of Animal Sciences School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Department of Microbiology College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone Freetown Sierra Leone Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sciences Freetown Sierra Leone beijing Institute of Microbiology and epidemiology Beijing China Ministry of Health and Sanitation Freetown Sierra Leone beijing Institute of biotechnology Beijing China

background Anthrax,a zoonotic disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium bacillus anthracis,remains a major global public health concern,especially in countries with limited *** Leone,a West African country historically plagued by anthrax,has almost been out of report on this disease in recent *** this study,we described a large-scale anthrax outbreak affecting both animals and humans and attempted to characterize the *** The causative agent of the animal outbreak in Port Loko District,Sierra Leone,between March and May 2022 was identified using the nanopore sequencing technique.A nationwide active surveillance was implemented from May 2022 to June 2023 to monitor the occurrence of anthrax-specific symptoms in *** cases were subsequently verified using quantitative polymerase chain ***-genome sequencing was accomplished by combining long-read and short-read sequencing *** phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the full-chromosome single nucleotide *** The outbreak in Port Loko District,Sierra Leone,led to the death of 233 animals between March 26th and May 16th,*** ruled out the initial suspicion of Anaplasma species and successfully identified *** as the causative agent of the *** a result of the government's prompt response,out of the 49 suspected human cases identifed during the one-year active surveillance,only 6 human cases tested positive,all within the frst month after the official declaration of the *** phylogenetic analysis indicated that the baSL2022 isolate responsible for the outbreak was positioned in the ***.153 clade within the TranseuroAsian group of *** We successfully identifed a large-scale anthrax outbreak in Sierra *** causative isolate of ***,baSL2022,phylogenetically bridged other lineages in ***.153 clade and neighboring genetic groups,***.144 and ***.148,

关键词： Molecular identification Anthrax bacillus anthracis Sierra Leone Phylogeny Single nucleotide polymorphism

Fluoride contamination in groundwater:A global review of the status,processes,challenges,and remedial measures

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 1-29页

作者： e.Shaji K.V.Sarath M.Santosh P.K.Krishnaprasad b.K.Arya Manisha S.babu Department of Geology University of KeralaKariavattom CampusThiruvananthapuramKerala 695581India School of earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)29 Xueyuan RoadBeijing 100083China Department of earth Science University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Department of Geology Central University of KeralaTejaswini HillsPeriyeKasaragodKerala 671316India

Groundwater pollution by fluoride is one of the prime concerns of the world population due to its toxicity,which results in adverse health *** this paper,we review the current scenario of the fluoride contamination of groundwater in various countries across the globe and its impact on human *** the last decade,several newly affected regions have been reported all over the world,with more than 100 countries affected by fluoride contamination in groundwater(concentration exceeding the acceptable limit of 1.5 mg/L defined by the World Health Organization).Fluoride poisoning is mainly due to the unsupervised ingestion of products for dental and oral hygiene and over-fluoridated drinking *** is estimated that more than 200 million people from different countries are affected by fluoriderelated groundwater issues and health *** highest among these are from the countries in Africa(38),Asia(28),and europe(24),followed by countries like South America(5),North America(3),and Australia(2).The source of fluoride in drinking water is primarily geogenic,together with forage,grasses and grains,tea,and anthropogenic *** countries affected were correlated with climatic zones and geological factors to gain insights into geospatial *** analyses show that most of the fluoride pollution-prone zones are located in high-grade metamorphic terranes with granitoid or alkaline intrusions,geothermal hot springs,and volcanic regions with arid or semi-arid climatic *** study also finds that children across the globe are more vulnerable than adults to fluoride *** review finds that,although there are efficient fluoride removal techniques,including filters with next-generation nanomaterials,to date,there has not been a single technique developed that can claim to be a practically robust solution for fluoride removal from drinking ***,we suggest developing next-generation filters that can retain essential miner

关键词： Fluoride Groundwater Water contamination WHO standards Climate zones Remediation Sustainable Development Goals

A New Cytotoxic Sterol Produced by an endophytic Fungus from Castaniopsis fissa at the South China Sea Coast

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2004年第4期15卷 419-422页

作者： HouJinLI YongChengLIN L.L.P.VRIJMOeD e.b.G.jones DepartmentofAppliedChemistry ZhongshanUniversityGuangzhou510275 DepartmentofbiologyandChemistry CityUniversityofHongKongHongKong

A new sterol, ergosta-8(9),22-diene-3,5,6,7-tetraol(3β,5α,6β,7α,22e)(A) together with three known sterols: 3β, 5α,6β-trihydroxyergosta-7,22-diene (b), 3β-hydroxy-5α,8α- epidioxyer-gosta-6,22-diene (C) and ergosterol (D) were isolated from the mycelia of an unidentified endophytic fungus separated from Castaniopsis fissa (chestnut tree). Compound A exhibited potent selective cytotoxicity against bel-7402, NCI4460 and L-02 cell lines with IC50 values 8.445, 5.03, 13.621 μg/mL, respectively.

关键词： endophytic fungus sterols ergosta-8(9) 22-diene-3,5,6,7-tetraol (3β,5α,6β,7α,22e) cytotoxicity.

Rational molecular design of efficient yellow-red dendrimer TADF for solution-processed OLeDs: a combined effect of substitution position and strength of the donors

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1613-1623页

作者： Changfeng Si Dianming Sun Tomas Matulaitis David b.Cordes Alexandra M.Z.Slawin eli Zysman-Colman Organic Semiconductor Centre EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsKY169STUK

The development of high-performance solution-processed red organic light-emitting diodes(OLeDs) remains a challenge,particularly in terms of maintaining efficiency at high luminance. Here, we designed and synthesized four novel orange-red thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) dendrimers that are solution-processable: 2GCz bP, 2DPACz bP, 2FbP2GCz and 2FbP2DPACz. We systematically investigated the effect of substitution position and strength of donors on the optoelectronic properties. The reverse intersystem crossing rate constant(kRISC) of the emitters having donors substituted at positions 11and 12 of the dibenzo[a,c]phenazine(bP) is more than 10-times faster than that of compounds substituted having donors substituted at positions 3 and 6. Compound 2DPACz bP, containing stronger donors than 2GCz bP, exhibits a red-shifted emission and smaller singlet-triplet energy splitting, Δe_(ST), of 0.01 e V. The solution-processed OLeD with 10 wt% 2DPACz bP doped in m CP emitted at 640 nm and showed a maximum external quantum efficiency(eQe_(max)) of 7.8%, which was effectively maintained out to a luminance of 1,000 cd m-2. Such a device's performance at relevant display luminance is among the highest for solution-processed red TADF OLeDs. The efficiency of the devices was improved significantly by using 4Cz IPN as an assistant dopant in a hyperfluorescence(HF) configuration, where the 2DPACz bP HF device shows an eQemaxof 20.0% at λeL of 605 nm and remains high at 11.8% at a luminance of 1,000 cd m-2, which makes this device one of the highest efficiency orange-to-red HF SP-OLeDs to date.

关键词： thermally activated delayed fluorescence solution-processing red OLeDs dibenzo[a,c]phenazine dendrimers