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Contemporary and Historic Population Structure of Abies spectabilis at Treeline in Barun Valley,Eastern Nepal Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第3期12卷 558-570页

作者： Parveen Kumar CHHETRI David M.cairns Department of Geography Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station

Treeline ecotone dynamics of Abies spectabilis （D. Don） Mirb. in the Barun valley, Makalu Barun National Park, eastern Nepal Himalaya were studied by establishing seven plots （20 m x variable length） from the foresfline to the tree species limit： three plots on the south- and north-facing slopes each （S1-S3, N1-N3）, and one plot on the east- facing slope （E） in the relatively undisturbed forests. A dendroecological method was used to study treeline advance rate and recruitment pattern. In all the plots, most trees established in the early 20th century, and establishment in the second half of the 20th century was confined to the foresfline area. Treeline position has not advanced substantially in the Barun valley, with 0nly 22 m average elevational shift in the last 13o years, and with average current shifting rate of 14 cm/yr. Moreover, no significant relationship was found between tree age and elevation on the south-, north-, and east-facing slopes. The number of seedlings and saplings in near the treeline area was negligible compared to that near the foresfline area. Therefore, A. spectabilis treeline response to the temperature change was slow, despite the increasing temperature trend in the region. Beside the temperature change, factors such as high inter-annual variability in temperature, dense shrub cover, and local topography also play an important role in treeline advance and controlling recruitment pattern above the treeline.

关键词： Climate change Treeline ecotone Treeline advance Recruitment pattern

Dendroclimatic response of Abies spectabilis at treeline ecotone of Barun Valley, eastern Nepal Himalaya

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第5期27卷 1163-1170页

作者： Parveen Kumar Chhetri David M.cairns Department of Geography Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843-3147USA

A dendroclimatic study was conducted in the treeline ecotone of Barun Valley, eastern Nepal, to determine the tree-ring climate response and ring width trend of Abies spectabilis. A 160-year-old chronology, from 1850 to 2010, was developed from 38 tree-ring samples. No higher growth in recent decades was observed in tree-ring width in this area. The mean temperature of the current year in February and in the combined winter months of December, January, and February showed significant positive correlation with tree-ring width, although no significant correlation was found between tree-ring width and the precipitation pattern of the region. This tree-ring climate response result is different from that in other studies in Nepal, which could be attributed to location and elevation.

关键词： spectabilis Dendroclimatology Treeline ecotone Abies Climate response Tree-ring width

Honour and Kingship in Herodotus: Status, Role, and the Limits of Self-Assertion

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2019年第1期14卷 75-93页

作者： Douglas cairns Department of Classics University of Edinburgh EH8 9AG Scotland UK

The notion of time(Tiμη, normally translated "honour") is a key concept when it comes to thinking about virtues, roles, and duties in ancient Greek ethics and society, both in popular and in philosophical terms. This discussion concentrates on the work of the fifth-century historian, Herodotus, where the idea of time as the fulfilment of a specific role in society takes on particular and interesting inflections. In Herodotus, as in Greek generally, time covers both the esteem that one receives from others and the claim to esteem that the individual him- or herself brings to bear in social interaction. Thus time is both "deference" and "demeanour"(to use Goflman's terminology). As a quality of an individual that commands others' respect, time also encompasses the roles that are bound up with one's status. Roles and offices express, attract, and demand time, but such demands are normally constrained by reciprocal respect for the time of others. The office of the Persian king, however, appears at first sight to involve unconditional claims to recognition respect, powerful drives towards appraisal respect (in DarwalPs terminology), and only limited acknowledgement of either ethical norms or others claims as potential limitations to regal self-assertion. Closer inspection, however, reveals that the values of mutual respect that underpin the freedom enjoyed by citizens of Greek poleis are also felt by Herodotus to ground claims to freedom and in dependence on the part of those poleis themselves, claims that the historian9s narrative suggests are ultimately upheld by the gods and embedded in the structure of the cosmos itself.

关键词： Herodotus honour time Persian wars Xerxes

The emergence of global environmental awareness

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1990年第2期2卷 1-17页

作者： John cairns University Center for Environmental and Hazardous Materials Studies and Department of Biology Virginia Polytechnic and State University Blacksburg Virginia-24061-0415 U. S. A.

An effective plan for global ecosystem management must be developed in the next 10 or 20 years. Awareness of the need has recently emerged, but still no integrated resource management system is universally accepted. A fragmented management approach has not been effective. Any successful course of action must be based on three assumptions: (1) that science can determine how ecosystems function, (2) once this is known, the social/political system will be able to protect ecosystems to the extent needed for the survival of human society, and (3) reality will take precedence over political expediency because Mother Nature cannot be fooled. This discussion focuses on the transition from awareness to taking effective action.

关键词： global environmental awareness ecosystems function human society.

Schizophrenia-associated MicroRNA–Gene Interactions in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2019年第6期17卷 623-634页

作者： Danielle M.Santarelli Adam P.Carroll Heath M.cairns Paul A.Tooney Murray J.cairns School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSW 2305Australia

Schizophrenia-associated anomalies in gene expression in postmortem brain can be attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Given the small effect size of common variants, it is likely that we may only see the combined impact of some of these at the pathway level in small postmortem studies. At the gene level, however, there may be more impact from common environmental exposures mediated by influential epigenomic modifiers, such as microRNA(miRNA). We hypothesise that dysregulation of miRNAs and their alteration of gene expression have significant implications in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this study, we integrate changes in cortical gene and miRNA expression to identify regulatory interactions and networks associated with the disorder. Gene expression analysis in post-mortem prefrontal dorsolateral cortex(BA 46)(n = 74 matched pairs of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and control samples)was integrated with miRNA expression in the same cohort to identify gene–miRNA regulatory networks. A significant gene–miRNA interaction network was identified, including miR-92 a, miR-495,and miR-134, which converged with differentially expressed genes in pathways involved in neurodevelopment and oligodendrocyte function. The capacity for miRNA to directly regulate gene expression through respective binding sites in BCL11 A, PLP1, and SYT11 was also confirmed to support the biological relevance of this integrated network model. The observations in this study support the hypothesis that mi RNA dysregulation is an important factor in the complex pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

关键词： Schizophrenia MicroRNA Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Network Neuropathology

DETERMINANTS OF STRUCTURE IN AQUATIC NON-PELAGIC PROTOZOAN COMMUNITIES

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1993年第3期11卷 215-228页

作者： John cairns Jr Paul V.McCormick University Center for Environmental and Hazardous Materials Studies Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 U.S.AUniversity Center for Environmental and Hazardous Materials Studies Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 U.S.AUniversity Center for Environmental and Hazardous Materials Studies Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 U.S.A

Although microbes have traditionally been used as models for testing ecological theory, research on the organization of these communities has largely been isolated from other areas of community ecology. Early studies indicated that microbial populations can form dynamic, interacting assemblages. Observations of distributional patterns suggest that certain deterministic forces regulate community structure. It appears that protozoans are tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions although evidence for this is largely based on gross environmental analyses. Laboratory studies have suggested the importance of negative and positive biotic interactions in determining community membership, but little field evidence for this exists. The importance of transport processes in controlling community composition is being increasingly recognized. All three types of processes likely act to regulate the colonization and successional dynamics of these communities. A simple model is presented to promote the

关键词： determinants structure protozoan communities

Preclinical-to-clinical Anti-cancer Drug Response Prediction and Biomarker Identification Using TINDL

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2023年第3期21卷 535-550页

作者： David Earl Hostallero Lixuan Wei Liewei Wang Junmei cairns Amin Emad Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 0E9Canada Mila–Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute MontrealQC H2S 3H1Canada Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 1A3Canada

Prediction of the response of cancer patients to different treatments and identification of biomarkers of drug response are two major goals of individualized ***,we developed a deep learning framework called TINDL,completely trained on preclinical cancer cell lines(CCLs),to predict the response of cancer patients to different *** utilizes a tissue-informed normalization to account for the tissue type and cancer type of the tumors and to reduce the statistical discrepancies between CCLs and patient ***,by making the deep learning black box interpretable,this model identifies a small set of genes whose expression levels are predictive of drug response in the trained model,enabling identification of biomarkers of drug *** data from two large databases of CCLs and cancer tumors,we showed that this model can distinguish between sensitive and resistant tumors for 10(out of 14)drugs,outperforming various other machine learning *** addition,our small interfering RNA(siRNA)knockdown experiments on 10 genes identified by this model for one of the drugs(tamoxifen)confirmed that tamoxifen sensitivity is substantially influenced by all of these genes in MCF7 cells,and seven of these genes in T47D ***,genes implicated for multiple drugs pointed to shared mechanism of action among drugs and suggested several important signaling *** summary,this study provides a powerful deep learning framework for prediction of drug response and identification of biomarkers of drug response in *** code can be accessed at https://***/ddhostallero/tindl.

关键词： Drug response Deep learning Explainable AI Cancer Gene knockdown experiment

Topography and human disturbances are major controlling factors in treeline pattern at Barun and Manang area in the Nepal Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第1期14卷 119-127页

作者： Parveen K.CHHETRI Krishna B.SHRESTHA David M.cairns Department of Geography Texas A&M University College Station TX 77840 USA UiB Global Jekteviksbakken 31 PO Box 7800 5020 Bergen Norway

The alpine treeline ecotone is an important component of mountain ecosystems of the Nepal Himalaya; it plays a vital role in the livelihood of indigenous people,and provides ecosystem services. However,the region faces a problem of paucity of data on treeline characteristics at the regional and landscape scales. Therefore,we used Remote Sensing(RS),and Geographic Information Science(GIS) approaches to investigate cross-scale interactions in the treeline ecotone. Additionally,European Space Agency land cover map,International Center for Integrated Mountain Development(ICIMOD) land cover map,ecological map of Nepal,and United States Geological Survey Shuttle Radar Topography Mission-Digital Elevation Model were used to analyze treeline pattern at the regional scale. Digital Globe high-resolution satellite imagery of Barun(eastern Nepal) and Manang(central Nepal) were used to study treeline patterns at the landscape scale. Treeline elevation ranges from 3300-4300 m above sea level. Abies spectabilis,Betula utilis,and Pinus wallichiana are the main treeline-forming species in the Nepal Himalaya. There is an east to west treeline elevationgradient at the regional scale. No slope exposure is observed at the regional scale; however,at the landscape scale,slope exposure is present only in a disturbed area(Manang). Topography and human disturbance are the main treeline controlling factor in Barun and Manang respectively.

关键词： Alpine Treeline Mountain ecosystem Himalaya Remote Sensing(RS) Geographic Information Science(GIS)

Asynopsis of the book Striking a balance :improving stewardship of marine areas

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2000年第4期12卷 506-509页

作者： cairns Jr., John Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 美国 Blacksburg VA 240 6 1

Reviews the book `Striking a Balance: Improving Stewardship of Marine Areas.'

关键词： Asynopsis of the book Striking a balance improving stewardship of marine areas