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BioClay^(Tm)prolongs RNA interference-mediated crop protection against Botrytis cinerea

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第11期64卷 2187-2198页

作者： Jonatan Niño-Sánchez Prabhakaran T.Sambasivam Anne Sawyer Rachael Hamby Angela Chen Elizabeth Czislowski Peng Li Narelle manzie Donald m.gardiner Rebecca Ford Zhi Ping Xu Neena mitter Hailing Jin Department of microbiology&Plant Pathology Center for Plant Cell BiologyInstitute for Integrative Genome BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia92521USA Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources University of ValladolidPalencia 34004Spain iuFOR‐Sustainable Forest management Research Institute University of Valladolid–INIAPalencia 34004Spain Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security Griffith UniversityNathanQueensland4111Australia School of Chemistry and molecular Biosciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation Centre for Horticultural ScienceThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia

One of the most promising tools for the control of fungal plant diseases is spray-induced gene silencing(SIGS).In SIGS,small interfering RNA(siRNA)or double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)targeting essential or virulence-related pathogen genes are exogenously applied to plants and postharvest products to trigger RNA interference(RNAi)of the targeted genes,inhibiting fungal growth and ***,SIGS is limited by the unstable nature of RNA under environmental *** use of layered double hydroxide or clay particles as carriers to deliver biologically active dsRNA,a formulation termed BioClay^(Tm),can enhance RNA durability on plants,prolonging its activity against ***,we demonstrate that dsRNA delivered as BioClay can prolong protection against Botrytis cinerea,a major plant fungal pathogen,on tomato leaves and fruit and on mature chickpea *** increased the protection window from 1 to 3 weeks on tomato leaves and from 5 to 10 days on tomato fruits,when compared with naked *** flowering chickpea plants,BioClay provided prolonged protection for up to 4 weeks,covering the critical period of poding,whereas naked dsRNA provided limited *** research represents a major step forward for the adoption of SIGS as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional fungicides.

关键词： Bio Clay double stranded RNA layered double hydroxide RNA interference spray-induced gene silencing

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Reaction of Nitrilimines with 2-Aminopicoline, 3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole, 5-Aminotetrazole and 2-Aminopyrimidine

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2014年第3期4卷 201-207页

作者： Rami Y. morjan Basam S. Qeshta Hussein T. Al-Shayyah John m. gardiner Basam A. Abu-Thaher Adel m. Awadallah Department of Chemistry Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine manchester Institute of Biotechnology School of Chemistry and EPS The University of Manchester Manchester UK

The reaction of picoline derivatives 3-6 with hydrazonoylhalide 1a produced imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines 7-10, while the reaction of the same picoline derivatives with hydrazonoylhalide 1b afforded imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-ones 11-13. The reaction of 1b, c with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole 14 produced the acyclic adducts 18 and 19, respectively. Reaction of 1b, 1c with 5-aminotetrazole 20 produced the acyclic products 23 and 24, respectively. Finally, the reaction of 1b with 4, 6-dimethyl-2-aminopyrimidine 27 afforded compound 29 rather than its isomeric structure 28. The structure of the products was confirmed by the different spectroscopic analytical methods including IR, mS, 1HNmR and 13CNmR.

关键词： Nitrilimines Picolines Imidazo[1 2-a]Pyridine Triazoles Tetrazoles Pyrimidines

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得克萨斯二迭纪含水层/半隔水层系统中深井注射处置酸性废水的地球化学模拟

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华东地质学院学报 1993年第2期16卷 163-166页

作者： m.A.gardiner J.myers 全仁和

地球化学程序 EQ3NR/EQ6用来模拟西得克萨斯州某化工厂的酸性废物流体与 San Andres(常用的白云岩注入带)和 Grayburg 组(上覆硬石膏半隔水层)主体岩石之间的相互作用。该模拟使用了三种流体:混合废物、未稀释的酸性度物和天然 Grayburg... 详细信息

地球化学程序 EQ3NR/EQ6用来模拟西得克萨斯州某化工厂的酸性废物流体与 San Andres(常用的白云岩注入带)和 Grayburg 组(上覆硬石膏半隔水层)主体岩石之间的相互作用。该模拟使用了三种流体:混合废物、未稀释的酸性度物和天然 Grayburg 地下水。注入带内的白云岩迅速与废酸性反应,导致度物的全部或部分中和,及大量岩石的溶解。这种溶解作用增加了主体岩石的孔隙度和透水性,并使变质和未变质的任一种废物流体进入 Grayburg 组地层中与之接触。溶解硬石膏的能力是溶液中硫和钙的富集程度以及 pH 值、温度和离子强度的函数。废液不断地直接与白云岩、硬石膏反应模拟、化学演化过程提供了评价硬石膏的化学稳定性和半隔水层阻滞垂直流动能力的手段。

关键词：废水地球化学含水层深井处理

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Investigation of role of cartilage surface polymer brush border in lubrication of biological joints

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Friction 2022年第1期10卷 110-127页

作者： JinJing LIAO David W.SmITH Saeed mIRAmINI Bruce S.gardiner Lihai ZHANG Department of Infrastructure Engineering.The University of melbourne.Victoria 3010 Australia Faculty of Engineering and mathematical Sciences The University of Western AustraliaWA 6009Australia College of Science Health.Engineering and Education.Murdoch UniversityWA 6150Australia

Although experimental evidence has suggested that the polymer brush border(PBB)on the cartilage surface is important in regulating fluid permeability in the contact gap,the current theoretical understanding of joint lubrication is still *** address this research gap,a multiscale cartilage contact model that includes PBB,in particular its effect on the fluid permeability of the contact gap,is developed in this *** modeling is employed to estimate the permeability of the contact *** permeability is classified into two categories:For a gap size>1μm,the flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the cartilage roughness;for gap sizem,flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the surface polymers extending beyond the collagen network of the articular *** gap sizes of less than 1μm,the gap permeability decreases exponentially with increasing aggrecan concentration,whereas the aggrecan concentration varies inversely with the gap ***,the gap permeability is employed in a macroscale cartilage contact model,in which both the contact gap space and articular cartilage are modeled as two interacting poroelastic *** fluid exchange between these two media is achieved by imposing pressure and normal flux continuity boundary *** model results suggest that PBB can substantially enhance cartilage lubrication by increasing the gap fluid load support(e.g.,by 26 times after a 20-min indentation compared with the test model without a PBB).Additionally,the fluid flow resistance of PBB sustains the cartilage interstitial fluid pressure for a relatively long period,and hence reduces the vertical deformation of the ***,it can be inferred that a reduction in the PBB thickness impairs cartilage lubrication ability.

关键词： assumed polymer hence

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Assessing the welfare of genetically altered mice

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中国比较医学杂志 2007年第3期17卷 146-146页

作者： Wells D J Playle L C Enser W E j Flecknell P A gardiner m a Holland j Howard B RT Hubrecht R Humphreys K R Jackson IJ Lane N maconochie m mason G morton D B Raymond R Robinson V Smith J A Watt N Department of Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Imperial College Faculty of Medicine UK National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research UK Harlan UK Ltd UK Comparative Biology Centre University of Newcastle UK mRC mary Lyon Centre UK mRC National Institute formedical Research UK medical School University of Sheffield UK Universities Federation for Animal Welfare UK GlaxoSmithKline UK mRC Human Genetics Unit UK Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty toAnimals UK Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Sussex UK University ofGuelph Canada medical School University of Birmingham UK Cancer Research UK UK Boyd Group UK Home Office Dundee UK

In 2003, under the auspices of the main UK funders of biological and biomedical research, a working group was established with a remit to review potential welfare issues for genetically altered (GA) mice, to summarize current practice, and to recommend contemporary best practi。ce for welfare assessments。The working group has produced a report which makes practical recommendations for GA mouse welfare assessment and dissemination of welfare information between establishments using a 'mouse passport'。The report can be found at www。nc3rs, org。uk/GAmice and www。lal。org。uk/gaa and includes templates for the recommended welfare assessment scheme and the mouse passport。An overview is provided below。

关键词：鼠动物福利评价实验动物遗传

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molecular characterization of intergeneric hybrids between malus and Pyrus

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Horticulture Research 2023年第1期10卷 172-182页

作者： Giulia Pasqualetto Luisa Palmieri Stefan martens Vincent G.m.Bus David Chagné Claudia Wiedow mickael A.malnoy Susan E.gardiner Research and Innovation Centre Edmund Mach FoundationSan Michele all’AdigeTN 38010Italy Department of Agricultural FoodEnvironmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUD 33100Italy The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd(PFR) Hawke’s Bay Research CentreHavelock North 4442New Zealand PFR Fitzherbert Science CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand

Apple(malus)and pear(Pyrus)are economically important fruit crops well known for their unique textures,f lavours,and nutritional *** genera are characterised by a distinct pattern of secondary metabolites,which directly affect not only resistance to certain diseases,but also have significant impacts on the f lavour and nutritional value of the *** identical chromosome numbers,similar genome size,and their recent divergence date,together with DNA markers have shown that apple and pear genomes are highly *** study utilized comparative genomic approaches,including simple sequence repeats,high resolution single nucleotide polymorphism melting analysis,and single nucleotide polymorphism chip analysis to identify genetic differences among hybrids of malus and Pyrus,and F2 *** research has demonstrated and validated that these three marker types,along with metabolomics analysis are very powerful tools to detect and confirm hybridity of progeny derived from crosses between apple and pear in both cross ***,this work analysed the genus-specific metabolite patterns and the resistance to fire blight(Erwinia amylovora)in *** findings of this work will enhance and accelerate the breeding of novel tree fruit crops that benefit producers and consumers,by enabling marker assisted selection of desired traits introgressed between pear and apple.

关键词： crops utilized breeding

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Identification of QTL and underlying genes for root system architecture associated with nitrate nutrition in hexaploid wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第4期21卷 917-932页

作者： marcus GRIFFITHS Jonathan A.ATKINSON Laura-Jayne gardiner Ranjan SWARUP michael P.POUND michael H.WILSON malcolm J.BENNETT Darren m.WELLS School of Biosciences University of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLE125RDUK Future Food Beacon of Excellence University of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLE125RDUK Integrative Phenomics Group School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLE125RDUK IBm Research The Hartree CentreWarringtonWA44ADUK School of Computer Science University of NottinghamNottinghamNG81BBUK

The root system architecture(RSA) of a crop has a profound effect on the uptake of nutrients and consequently the potential yield. However, little is known about the genetic basis of RSA and resource adaptive responses in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.). Here, a high-throughput germination paper-based plant phenotyping system was used to identify seedling traits in a wheat doubled haploid mapping population, Savannah×Rialto. Significant genotypic and nitrate-N treatment variation was found across the population for seedling traits with distinct trait grouping for root size-related traits and root distribution-related traits. Quantitative trait locus(QTL) analysis identified a total of 59 seedling trait QTLs. Across two nitrate treatments, 27 root QTLs were specific to the nitrate treatment. Transcriptomic analyses for one of the QTLs on chromosome 2 D, which was found under low nitrate conditions, revealed gene enrichment in N-related biological processes and 28 differentially expressed genes with possible involvement in a root angle response. Together, these findings provide genetic insight into root system architecture and plant adaptive responses to nitrate, as well as targets that could help improve N capture in wheat.

关键词： doubled-haploid population nitrate RNA-seq quantitative trait loci root system architecture Triticum aestivum L.(wheat)

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The Pliocene-Recent Euphrates river system:Sediment facies and architecture as an analogue for subsurface reservoirs

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能源地球科学(英文) 2020年第3期1卷 174-193页

作者： Dorrik Stow Uisdean Nicholson Samantha Kearsey Dominic Tatum Andy gardiner Amer Ghabra mahmoud Jaweesh EGIS-IGE Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH144ASUK Glasgow International College 56 Dumbarton RoadGlasgowG116NUUK Department of Geology and Petroleum Exploration Engineering Faculty of Petroleum EngineeringSyrian Private UniversityDamascusSyria School of Geography University of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK

The Tigris-Euphrates is a continental-scale fluvial system,around 2800 km in length,which drains over 1 million km2 of *** system originated in the Late miocene and developed into the principal axial drainage system of the region,which follows broad regional structural features of the mesopotamian Foreland *** preservation and outcropping of the Pliocene and Quaternary Euphrates deposits yield a viable local analogue for subsurface fluvial reservoirs in the region,and for other fluvial systems that have developed in foreland basin *** paper documents the first detailed study of the sedimentary characteristics of these Pliocene and Quaternary fluvial deposits along the middle reaches of the present-day Euphrates in *** Euphrates fluvial system developed from small and probably short-lived isolated cut-and-fill channels in the Pliocene,characterised by abundant debrite and slump facies,through to a broad meandering system at *** Quaternary deposits represent a braided to meandering system that was more energetic than that of the modern day *** Quaternary facies include a dominance of gravels,pebbly sands and sands as channel associations,coupled with sands,muds and paleosols representing channel abandonment,overbank and crevasse-splay *** widths,where observed,range from 50 to 500 m,and minimum fill thicknesses range from 3 to 7 *** combined channel-fill for stacked channels is up to 25 m *** correlation of channel elements over at least 1 km of section indicates that rapid and extensive lateral migration has *** splay lobes can be identified in the overbank deposits,with a width of 30e60 m and sand thickness of 0.5e1.5 *** geometry,nature and dimensions of these architectural elements provide a useful analogue for subsurface *** high-energy channel facies of the Quaternary system show very good reservoir attributes,with good correlation and *** the bed-

关键词： Euphrates river Fluvial facies Fluvial architecture Reservoir analogue

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Process stability and microbial community composition in pig manure and food waste anaerobic co-digesters operated at low HRTs

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 53-65页

作者： Conor Dennehy Peadar G. Lawlor Gillian E. gardiner Yan Jiang Paul Cormican matthew S. mcCabe Xinmin Zhan Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering and Informatics National University of Ireland Galway Ireland Teagasc Pig Development Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Fermoy Ireland Department of Science Waterford Institute of Technology Waterford Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Dunsany Meath Ireland

This study assessed the effects of reducing hydraulic retention times （HRTs） from 21 days to 10.5 days when anaerobically co-digesting pig manure and food waste. Continuously stirred tank reactors of 3.75 L working volume were operated in triplicate at 42℃. Digester HRT was progressively decreased from 21 to 15 days to 10.5 days, with an associated increase in organic loading rate （OLR） from 3.1 kg volatile solids （VS）·m^-***^-1 to 5.1 kg VS·m^***-1 to 7.25 kg VS.m^-3·day^-1. Reducing HRT from 21 days to 15 days caused a decrease in specific methane yields and VS removal rates. Operation at a HRT of 10.5 days initially resulted in the accumulation of isobutyric acid in each reactor. High throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that this increase coincided with a shift in acidogenic bacterial populations, which most likely resulted in the increased isobutyric acid concentrations. This may in turn have caused the increase in relative abundance of Clocamonaceae bacteria, which syntrophically degrade non-acetate volatile fatty acids （VFAs） into H2 and CO2. This, along with the increase in abundance of other syntrophic VFA oxidizers, such as Spiorchatetes, suggests that VFA oxidation plays a role in digester operation at low HRTs. Reducing the HRT to below 21 days compromised the ability of the anaerobic digestion system to reduce enteric indicator organism counts below regulatory limits.

关键词： Biogas Sequencing Clocamonaeeae Spiorchatetes Isobutyrate Biosafety

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Physical mapping of three fruit ripening genes: Endopolygalacturonase, ACC oxidase and ACC synthasefrom apple (malus x domestica) in an apple rootstock A106 (malus sieboldii)

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Cell Research 1995年第2期5卷 243-253页

作者： ZHU JImEI SE gardiner m LAY-YEE(The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd)(mt Albert Research Centre Private Bag 92169, Auckland,New Zealand)(Batchelar Research Centre, Private Bag 11030, Palmerston North, New Zealand) The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd mt Albert Research Centre Private Bag 92169 Auckland New Zealand Batchelar Research Centre Private Bag 11030 Palmerston North New Zealand

The apple rootstock, A106 (malus sieboldii), had 17 bivalents in pollen mother cells at meiotic metaphase 1,and 17 chromosomes in a haploid pollen cell. Karyotypes were prepared from root-tip cells with 2n= 34 chromosomes. Seven out of 82 karyotypes (8.5%) showed one pair of satellites at the end of the short arm of chromosome 3. C-bands were shown on 6 pairs of chromosomes 2, 4,6, 8, 14, and 16 near the telomeric regions of short *** for three ripening-related genes from malus x domestica: endopolygalacturonase (EPG,0. 6 kb ) , ACC oxidase (1.2 kb), and ACC synthase (2 kb) were hybridized in situ to metaphase chromosomes of A106. Hybridization sites for the EPG gene were observed on the long arm of chromosome 14 in 15 out of 16 replicate spreads and proximal to the centromere of chromosomes 6 and 11. For the ACC oxidase gene, hybridization sites were observed in the telomeric region of the short arm of chromosomes 5 and 11 in 87% and 81% of 16 spreads respectively proximal to the centromere of chromosome 1 in 81% of the spreads, and on the long arm of chromosome 13 in 50% of the spreads. Twenty five spreads were studied for the ACC synthase gene and hybridization sites were observed in the telomeric region of the short arm of chromosome 12 in 96% of the spreads, chromosomes 9 and 10 in 76% of the spreads, and chromosome 17 in 56% of the spreads.

关键词： malus chromosome in situ hybridization C-banding karyotype

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