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国外建材（绵阳） 1990年第2期 103-105页

作者： gard,j.a 郑自立

On the radiogenic heat production of metamorphic,igneous,and sedimentary rocks

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第6期9卷 1777-1794页

作者： D.Hasterok M.gard j.Webb Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideNorth TerraceSA5005Australia Centre for Tectonics Research and Exploration(TRaX) University of AdelaideNorth TerraceSA5005Australia Ramelius Resources Ltd. East PerthWA 6005Australia

Sedimentary rocks cover-73% of the Earth's surface and metamorphic rocks account for approximately91% of the crust by volume. Understanding the average behavior and variability of heat production for these rock types are vitally important for developing accurate models of lithospheric temperature. We analyze the heat production of ～204,000 whole rock geochemical data to quantify how heat production of these rocks varies with respect to chemistry and their evolution during metamorphism. The heat production of metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks are similar to their respective protoliths. Igneous and metaigneous samples increase in heat production with increasing SiO_2 and K_2 O, but decrease with increasing FeO, MgO and CaO. Sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks increase in heat production with increasing Al_2 O_3, FeO, TiO_2, and K_2 O but decrease with increasing CaO. For both igneous and sedimentary rocks, the heat production variations are largely correlated with processes that affect K_2 O concentration and covary with other major oxides as a consequence. Among sedimentary rocks,aluminous shales are the highest heat producing(2.9 μW^(-3)) whereas more common iron shales are lower heat producing(1.7 μW m^(-3)). Pure quartzites and carbonates are the lowest heat producing sedimentary rocks. Globally, there is little definitive evidence for a decrease in heat production with increasing metamorphic grade. However, there remains the need for high resolution studies of heat production variations within individual protoliths that vary in metamorphic grade. These results improve estimates of heat production and natural variability of rocks that will allow for more accurate temperature models of the lithosphere.

关键词： Heat generation Density Metamorphic rocks Sedimentary rocks Igneous rocks Continental lithosphere

On the study of ricochet and penetration in sand,water and gelatin by spheres,7.62 mm APM2,and 25 mm projectiles

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 159-170页

作者： john F.MOXNES ∅yvind FR∅YLAND Stian SKRIUDALEN Anne K.PRYTZ jan A.TELAND Eva FRIIS gard ∅DEgardSTUEN Land Systems Division Norwegian Defence Research EstablishmentP.O.Box 25N0-2027 KjellerNorway Nammo Raufoss AS P.O.Box 162N0-2831 RaufossNorway

We examine the ricochet and penetration behavior in sand, water and gelatin by steel spheres, 7.62 mm APM2 and 25 mm projectiles. A threshold impact angle(critical angle) exists beyond which ricochet cannot occur. The Autodyn simulation code with the smooth particle hydrodynamic(SPH) method and Impetus Afea Solver with the corpuscular model are used and the results are compared with experimental and analytical results. The resistance force in sand for spheres was proportional to a term quadratic in velocity plus a term linear in velocity. The drag coefficient for the quadratic term was 0.65. The Autodyn and Impetus Afea codes simulate too large penetration due to the lack of a linear velocity resistance force. Critical ricochet angles were consistent with analytical results in the literature. In ballistic gelatin at velocities of 50–850 m/s a drag coefficient of 0.30 fits the high speed camera recordings if a linear velocity resistance term is included. However, only a quadratic velocity resistance force with drag coefficient that varies with the Reynolds number also fits the measurements. The simulation of a sphere in water with Autodyn showed too large drag coefficient. The 7.62 mm APM2 core simulations in sand fit reasonable well for both codes. The 25 mm projectile ricochet simulations in sand show consistency with the high speed camera recordings. Computer time was reduced by one to two orders of magnitudes when applying the Impetus Afea Solver compared to Autodyn code due to the use of the graphics processing units(GPU).

关键词：明胶微球渗透行为炮弹光滑粒子流体动力学阻力系数模拟显示高速摄像机砂

Projected area and drag coefficient of high velocity irregular fragments that rotate or tumble

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2017年第4期13卷 269-280页

作者： john F. Moxnes 0yvind Fr0 yland Ivar j. 0ye Tom I. Brate Eva Friis gard 0degardstuen Tallak H. Risdal Norwegian Defence Research Establishment Land Systems Division P.O. Box 25 2027 Kjeller Norway Nammo Raufoss AS P.O. Box 162 2831 Raufoss Norway HPVisTech AS Bj0rnstadgutua 21 2092 Minnesund Norway

3 degrees of freedom(DOF)exterior ballistic computer models are used in fragment studies to calculate individual trajectories of each fragment based on drag coefficient and the projected(presented)area in the direction of velocity of center of *** expectation of a randomly distributed projected area is commonly used for fragments that tumble(random rotation)during *** forecast a model where the expected drag coefficient is dependent of shape and Mach *** or tumbling only affects the expected projected *** of projected areas during tumbling and rotation are *** examination of the data by Mc Cleskey(1988)indicates that the volume of the fragment to the power of2/3 is a better parameter to characterize the drag coefficient of the fragments than the maximum projected *** simulations are used to verify results and to study projected area and drag coefficient of fragments.

关键词： Fragments Form factor Mach number Drag coefficient Cauchy area Tumbling

Psychosocial Health and Workability among Staff Working with People with Cognitive Restrictions and Intellectual Disabilities

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Health 2014年第18期6卷 2481-2489页

作者： Cathrine Oscarsson Kjellstrand Gunvor gard Department of Health Sciences Lund University Lund Sweden

Little is known about the psychosocial work situation among staff working with people with cognitive restrictions, and research is needed. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the symptom panorama and psychosocial work situation of staff working with people with cognitive restrictions and to identify predictors for their job satisfaction and workability. A cross sectional study was performed. Method: The Questionnaire Psycho Social Nordic (QPS-Nordic questionnaire) was used. Results: The results showed that the majority of the staff working with people with cognitive restrictions were satisfied with their job, but musculoskeletal symptoms were described by 40%. Decision demands at work were high compared to quantitative and learning demands. Musculoskeletal symptoms were related to low ability to master the work, low job control and high job demands. Symptoms from the neck region were correlated to stress. A low level of neck pain was related to a high level of job satisfaction. Predictors for workability were positive challenges in work and not being hindered by musculoskeletal symptoms in work. Predictors for job satisfaction were mastery, workability and not having pain during the last 7 days. Conclusion: Due to the relatively small sample the results should be interpreted with caution. The results indicated that positive challenges in work and not being hindered by musculoskeletal disorders predicted workability in this group and that mastery, workability and not having pain during the last 7 days predicted job satisfaction.

关键词： Musculoskeletal Disorders Workability job Demands job Satisfaction

Strain rate dependency and fragmentation pattern of expanding warheads

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2015年第1期11卷 1-9页

作者： john F.MOXNES Anne K.PRYTZ Фyvind FR?YLAND Stian SKRIUDALEN Steinar BФRVE gard ФDEgardSTUEN Land Systems Division Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI) P.O.Box 25 NO-2027 Kjeller Norway Nammo Raufoss AS P.O.Box 162 NO-2831 Raufoss Norway

For the characterization of the behaviors of a metal material in events like expanding warheads, it is necessary to know its strength and ductility at high strain rates, around 104e105/s. The flyer plate impact testing produces the uniform stress and strain rates but the testing is expensive. The Taylor test is relatively inexpensive but produces non-uniform stress and strain fields, and the results are not so easily inferred for material modeling. In the split-Hopkinson bar(SHB), which may be used in compression, tension and torsion testing, the strain rates never exceeds 103/s. In the present work, we use the expanding ring test where the strain rate is 104e105/s. A streak camera is used to examine the expanding ring velocity, and a water tank is used to collect the fragments. The experimental results are compared with the numerical simulations using the hydrocodes AUTODYN, IMPETUS Afea and a regularized smooth particle(RSPH) software. The number of fragments increases with the increase in the expansion velocity of the rings. The number of fragments is similar to the experimental results. The RSPH software shows much the same results as the AUTODYN where the Lagrangian solver is used for the ring. The IMPETUS Afea solver shows a somewhat different fragmentation characteristic due to the node splitting algorithm that induces pronounced tensile splitting.

关键词： Warhead Fragmentation Simulation Fracture model Expanding ring

Nanoscale resetting of the Th/Pb system in an isotopically-closed monazite grain: A combined atom probe and transmission electron microscopy study

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 65-76页

作者： A.-M.Seydoux-Guillaume D.Fougerouse A.T.Laurent E.gardés S.M.Reddy D.W.Saxey Univ Lyon UJM-Saint-Etienne CNRS IRD CNRS Université Clermont Auvergne School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin University Geoscience Atom Probe Advanced Resource Characterisation Facility John de Laeter Centre Curtin University Centre de recherche sur les Ions les Matériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP) Department of Physics and Astronomy Curtin University

Understanding the mechanisms of parent-daughter isotopic mobility at the nanoscale is key to rigorous interpretation of Ue The Pb data and associated dating. Until now, all nanoscale geochronological studies on geological samples have relied on either Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) or Atom Probe Microscopy(APM) characterizations alone, thus suffering from the respective weaknesses of each technique. Here we focus on monazite crystals from a ~1 Ga, ultrahigh temperature granulite from Rogaland(Norway). This sample has recorded concordant UeP b dates(measured by LA-ICP-MS) that range over 100 My, with the three domains yielding distinct isotopic Ue Pb ages of 1034 ± 6 Ma(D1; Srich core), 1005 ± 7 Ma(D2), and 935 ± 7 Ma(D3), respectively. Combined APM and TEM characterization of these monazite crystals reveal phase separation that led to the isolation of two different radiogenic Pb(Pb*) reservoirs at the nanoscale. The S-rich core of these monazite crystals contains Cae Srich clusters, 5 -10 nm in size, homogenously distributed within the monazite matrix with a mean interparticle distance of 40 -60 nm. The clusters acted as a sink for radiogenic Pb(Pb*) produced in the monazite matrix, which was reset at the nanoscale via Pb diffusion while the grain remained closed at the micro-scale. Compared to the concordant ages given by conventional micro-scale dating of the grain,the apparent nano-scale age of the monazite matrix in between clusters is about 100 Myr younger, which compares remarkably well to the duration of the metamorphic event. This study highlights the capabilities of combined APM-TEM nano-structural and nano-isotopic characterizations in dating and timing of geological events, allowing the detection of processes untraceable with conventional dating methods.

关键词： Monazite Nanoscale resetting Nano-clusters APM TEM UHT metamorphism

Hydrotherapy treatment for patients with psoriatic arthritis—A qualitative study

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Open journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2013年第2期1卷 22-30页

作者： Maria H.Lindqvist Gunvor E.gard Department of Health Sciences Lund UniversityLundSweden Samrehab SjukgymnastikenVarnamo SjukhusVarnamoSweden

Purpose: To describe how patients living with psoriatic arthritis experience long-term hydrotherapy group treatment. Studies for this group of patients are lacking. Method: Qualitative in terviews were conducted with ten informants after hydrotherapy treatment. The treatment included exercises for increased mobility, coordination, endurance, aerobic fitness, stretching and relaxation. The interviews were analysed with content analysis. Results: A theme “hydrotherapy—a multidimensional experience” and two categories emerged: situational factors and effects of hydrotherapy. The category “situ- ational factors” comprised the subcategories: warm water, training factors and a competent instructor, and the category “effects of hydro- therapy” comprised the subcategories: psy- chological effects, improved physical capacity, social effects, changed pain experience and changes in work and participation in daily life. Conclusion: Positive effects of regular hydro- therapy in a group setting were shown in physical ability, energy, sleep, cognitive function, work and participation in daily life. The instruc- tors had an important coaching role, which needs to be promoted.

关键词： Hydrotherapy Psoriasis Arthritis Rehabilitation Qualitative Study

Factors Influencing Serum Amyloid Type A (Saa) Concentrations in Horses

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Open journal of Veterinary Medicine 2013年第1期3卷 58-66页

作者： Katy Satué Antonio Calvo j.an Carlos gardón Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery Faculty of Veterinary CEU Cardenal Herrera University Valencia Spain

The acute phase response (APR) is the reaction that occurs in animals in response to disturbances in hemostasis following tissue damage. In horses, the APR is manifested in a variety of pathological processes of various origins, such as infections caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, arthritis, burns, chemicals, trauma surgery and stress. Acute phase proteins (APPs) are considered those proteins that modify its plasma concentration at least 25% in inflammatory and infectious processes. In adult horses, various respiratory inflammatory processes, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive organs and musculoskeletal system are accompanied by increased levels of a specific APP, so-called serum amyloid type A (SAA). SAA is the most important major APP in the horse. This paper provides a review of physiological factors affecting SAA levels and their role in horses in defense of natural mechanisms, the pathways involved and their material components.

关键词： Acute Phase Response Serum Amyloid A Equine

Detecting decreased sexual health with MDHAQ-S

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Health 2013年第6期5卷 38-47页

作者： Kristina Areskoug-josefsson Charlotte Ekdahl Ulf jakobsson Gunvor gard Center for Primary Health Care Research CRC Lund University Lund Sweden Department of Health Sciences Division of Physiotherapy Lund University Lund Sweden

There are instruments that measure sexual function or sexual health for persons with RA, but since sexual health is a sensitive issue, the hypothesis is that it would be easier to have a standard questionnaire that could indicate the need for communication about sexual health issues instead of an extra questionnaire with more detailed questions on sexual health. The aim of the study is to find out whether sexual health difficulties can be screened by factors included in the MDHAQ-S for persons with RA. This study explores the relation between factors included in the MDHAQ-S and the Sexual Health Questionnaire (QSH) using a mixed methods design combining quantitative and qualitative data. The MDHAQ-S covers sexual health issues, not only by using the question on sexual health, but also on other factors included in the questionnaire such as increased pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, physical capacity, level of physiccal activity and body weight. To explore decreased sexual arousal, decreased sexual satisfaction and decreased sexual well-being, in-depth interviews must be held with persons with RA, either using a sexual health questionnaire or in a clinical interview.

关键词： Sexual Health Rheumatoid Arthritis Mixed Methods Rehabilitation Health Assessement