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Variation in sexual dimorphism and assortative mating do not predict genetic divergence in the sexually dimorphic Goodeid fish Girardinichthys multiradiatus

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 440-452页

作者： C. MACIAS garCIA G SMIth C. GONZALEZ ZUARth j. A. GRAVES M. G. RITCHIE Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva Instituto de Ecologia UNAM A. E 70-275 C. E 04510 M6xico DE M6xico School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9TH Scotland UK

Sexual dimorphism is often used as a proxy for the intensity of sexual selection in comparative studies of sexual selection and diversification. the Mexican Goodeinae are a group of livebearing freshwater fishes with large variation between species in sexual dimorphism in body shape. Previously we found an association between variation in morphological sexual dimorphism between species and the amount of gene flow within populations in the Goodeinae. Here we have examined if morphological differentiation within a single dimorphic species is related to assortative mating or gene flow between populations. In the Amarillo fish Girardinichthys multiradiatus studies have shown that exaggerated male fins are targets of female preferences. We find that populations of the species differ in the level of sexual dimorphism displayed due to faster evolution of differences in male than female morphology. However, this does not predict variation in assortative mating tests in the laboratory; in fact differences in male morphology are negatively correlated with assortative mating. Microsatellite markers reveal significant genetic differences between populations. However, gene flow is not predicted by either morphological differences or assortative mating. Rather, it demonstrates a pattern of isolation by distance with greater differentiation between watersheds. We discuss the caveats of predicting behavioural and genetic divergence from so-called proxies of sexual selection [Current Zoology 58 (3): 437-449, 2012].

关键词：交配试验两性异形遗传分化淡水鱼预测性选型物种分化微卫星标记

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北祁连玉石沟蛇绿岩形成于晚震旦世的SHRIMP年龄证据

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地质学报 2004年第5期78卷 649-657页

作者：史仁灯杨经绥吴才来 j.WOODEN 中国地质科学院地质研究所大陆动力学实验室北京100037 美国斯坦福大学地质与环境科学系加利福尼亚94305

玉石沟蛇绿岩位于青藏高原东北缘的北祁连山中部 ,由地幔橄榄岩、堆晶辉长岩、辉绿岩、枕状熔岩以及夹杂在其中的硅质岩组成。地幔橄榄岩主要是方辉橄榄岩 ,其主要氧化物成分较为单一 ,具 L REE富集、Eu亏损的 U形 REE配分模式 ,亏损强... 详细信息

玉石沟蛇绿岩位于青藏高原东北缘的北祁连山中部 ,由地幔橄榄岩、堆晶辉长岩、辉绿岩、枕状熔岩以及夹杂在其中的硅质岩组成。地幔橄榄岩主要是方辉橄榄岩 ,其主要氧化物成分较为单一 ,具 L REE富集、Eu亏损的 U形 REE配分模式 ,亏损强不相容元素 ;枕状熔岩具典型 morB特征 ,在构造判别图解上位于 morB和 IAT区域 ,指示蛇绿岩可能形成于类似于洋中脊的构造环境 ,并受到火山弧岩浆作用的影响。堆晶辉长岩具明显的 Eu正异常 ,其锆石离子探针 (SHRIMP) 2 0 6 Pb/2 38U加权平均年龄为 5 5 0± 17Ma,th/U值为 0 .5 3～ 1.85 ,大于0 .2 3,为岩浆成因锆石 ,其年龄代表辉长岩的成岩时代 ,推断玉石沟蛇绿岩形成于晚震旦世。

关键词：蛇绿岩 SHRIMP 辉长岩北祁连熔岩地幔橄榄岩晚震旦世硅质岩青藏高原

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Capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry in the analysis of 10 opiates in 10 nanoliters of sample

Capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry in the an...

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30th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography、4th GC×GC Symposium、16th National Symposium and Exhibition on Chromatography,i.e. 1st Dalian International Symposium and Exhibition on Chromatography

作者： Uboh,CE. Soma,LR. Rudy,j. PA Equine Toxicology & Research Center 220 East Rosedale Ave West ChesterPA 19382 and University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine.New Bolton Center Campus382 West Street RoadKennett SquarePA 19348

Opiates are widely used in the management of pain and thus,can be abused leading to drug *** use in the management of pain has also lead to abuse in an attempt to allow the athlete,whether human or horse, to compete despite unsuitable physical conditions.A horse competing under these conditions is especially dangerous for the equine athlete and the jockey or driver.A horse tumbling to the ground while running in excess of 35 mph can be devastating to both the horse and human *** most troubling part is that these agents have been illegally administered to horses to alter their *** deter such illegal use of opiates in racehorses,sensitive methods for screening and confirmation of these agents are essential.A method to address this need is the use of capillary electrophoresis(CE)coupled with tandem mass spectrometry(MS). the advantages of this method are accuracy,high efficiency,sensitivity,selectivity,small sample size and high resolution ***(mor),codeine(COD),dihydrocodeine(DHC),norcodeine(NCOD),normorphine (Nmor),dihydromorphine(Dmor),diacetylmorphine(DHM),ethylmorphine(Emor),6-monoacetylmor- phine(6-MAM)and hordenine(HOR)were selected as the target *** were recovered from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction(LLE).To 1.0 mL sample,equal volume of 0.1M borate buffer(pH 10)and 5.0 mL dichloromethane(DCM)were added and mixed for 3 min before centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 15min. the organic layer was transferred into a glass tube,added 2 drops of 2 M acetic acid in ethyl acetate and evaporated to dryness at 45℃ under *** residue was reconstituted in 50 L 20 mM ammonium acetate and 20 mM acetic *** was performed on a PACE/MDQ integrated with a Finnigan LCQDuo tandem mass spectrometer using a Polymicron bare fused-silica capillary(80 cm×50 m,i.d.)of which 15-20 mm portion of the polyimide coating was removed from the outlet end of the capillary to help maintain a stable *** buf

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超高分辨率和标准分辨率OCT在显示黄斑裂孔病理及修复中的比较研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第3期1卷 55-56页

作者： Ko T.H. Fujimoto j.G. Duker j.S. 黎黎 Dept. Elec. Eng. Comp. Sci. Res. L. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology Cambridge MA United States Dr

Purpose To compare ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR OC T) technology to a standard resolution OCT instrument for the imaging of macula r hole pathology and repair; to identify situations where UHR OCT provides addi tional information on disease morphology, pathogenesis, and management; and to u se UHR OCT as a baseline for improving the interpretation of the standard reso lution images. Design Observational and interventional case series. Participants Twenty nine eyes of 24 patients clinically diagnosed with macular hole in at l east one eye. Methods A UHR OCT system has been developed and employed in a ter tiary care ophthalmology clinic. Using a femtosecond laser as the lowcoherence light source, this new UHR OCT system can achieve an unprecedented 3 μm axial resolution for retinal OCT imaging. Comparative imaging was performed with UHR OCT and standard 10 μm resolution OCT in 29 eyes of 24 patients with various stages of macular holes. Imaging was also performed on a subset of the populati on before and after macular hole surgery. Main outcome measures Ultrahigh and s tandard reso lution cross sectional OCT images of macular hole pathologies. R esults Both UHR OCT and standard resolution OCT exhibited comparable performan ce in differentiating various stages of macular holes. the UHR OCT provided imp roved imaging of finer intraretinal structures, such as the external limiting me mbrane and photoreceptor inner segment (IS) and outer segment (OS), and identifi cation of the anatomy of successful surgical repair. the improved resolution of UHR OCT enabled imaging of previously unidentified changes in photoreceptor mor phology associated with macular hole pathology and postoperative repair. Visuali zation of the junction between the photoreceptor IS and OS was found to be an im portant indicator of photoreceptor integrity for both standard resolution and U HR OCT images. Conclusions Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography i mproves th

关键词：黄斑裂孔 OCT 标准分辨率光感受器细胞超高分辨率外节外界膜干预性相干性诊疗机构

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抗白介素-12抗体治疗活动性克罗恩病

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2005年第4期1卷 10-11页

作者： Mannon P.j. Fuss I.j. Mayer L. 郝筱倩 Mucosal Immunity Secti on Laboratory of Host Defense Natl. Inst. of Allerg./Infect. Dis. 10 Center D r. Bethesda MD 20892 United StatesDr.

BACKGROUND:Crohn’s disease is associated with excess cytokine activity mediated by type 1 helper T (th1) cells. Interleukin-12 is a key cytokine that initiates th1-mediated inflammatory responses. MEthODS: this double-blind trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of a human monoclonal antibody against interleukin-12 (anti-interleukin-12) in 79 patients with active Crohn’s disease. Patients were randomly assigned to receive seven weekly subcutaneous injections of 1 mg or 3 mg of anti-interleukin-12 per kilogram of body weight or placebo, with either a four week interval between the first and second injection (Cohort 1) or no interruption between the two injections (Cohort 2). Safety was the primar y end point, and the rates of clinical response (defined by a reduction in the s core for the Crohn’s Disease Activity Index [AI] of at least 100 points) and re mission (defined by a CDAI score of 150 or less) were secondary end points. RESU LTS: Seven weeks of uninterrupted treatment with 3 mg of anti interleukin-12 p er kilogram resulted in higher response rates than did placebo administration (7 5 percent vs. 25 percent, P=0.03). At 18 weeks of follow up, the difference in response rates was no longer significant (69 percent vs. 25 percent, P=0.08). Di fferences in remission rates between the group given 3 mg of anti in terleukin -12 per kilogram and the placebo group in Cohort 2 were not significant at eith er the end of treatment or the end of follow up (38 percent and 0 percent, resp ectively, at both times; P=0.07). there were no significant differences in respo nse rates among the groups in Cohort 1. the rates of adverse events among patien ts receiving anti interleukin-12 were similar to those among patients given pl acebo, except for a higher rate of local reactions at injection sites in the for mer group. Decreases in the secretion of interleukin-12, interferon γ, and tu mor necrosis factor α.by mononuclear cells of the colonic lamina propria accomp anied clinica

关键词：克罗恩病治疗活动肠黏膜固有层细胞因子次要终点安慰剂双盲试验细胞介导间隔期活动指数

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Dynamic interplay of T helpercell subsets in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

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World journal of Immunology 2012年第1期2卷 1-13页

作者： Crystal C Walline Saravanan Kanakasabai john j Bright Neuroscience Research Laboratory Methodist Research Institute Indiana University Health Indianapolis IN 46202 United States Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202 United States

AIM: To investigate the temporal onset and dynamic interplay of CD4+ T helper cell subsets in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE).MEthODS: EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide p35-55. the clinical signs were scored and the tissue samples and immune cells isolated for analysis at different phases of EAE. the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and related transcription factors were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA). the percentages of th1, th17, th2, Treg and memory T cell subsets in EAE were analyzed by immunostaining and flow *** data were analyzed by statistical ***: Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showedthat EAE mice express elevated levels of th1 [interferon gamma(IFNγ), interleukin(IL)-12p40 ], th17 [IL-17, related orphan receptor gamma(RORγ), IL-12p40] and Treg [Foxp3, Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3(EBI3), IL-10 ] genes in the central nervous system at the peak of the disease. Whereas, the expression of th1(IFNγ, T-bet, IL-12p35, IL-12p40), th17(RORγ, IL-12p40), th2(IL-4) and Treg(Foxp3, EBI3) response genes was reduced in the spleen during pre-disease but gradually recovered at the later phases of EAE. ELISA and flow cytometry analyses showed an increase in th17 response in the periphery, while th1 response remained unchanged at the peak of disease. the m RNA levels of IFNγ, IL-17 and IL-12p40 in the brain were increased by 23(P the mR NA expression of IL-10 was increased by 2 fold(P the spleen on day 21. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg response was reduced at pre-disease but recovered to naíve levels by disease onset. the percentage of CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells decreased from 7.7% in the naíve to 3.2%(P then increased to 8.4% by day 28. mor

关键词： Autoimmune disease Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Multiple sclerosis T helper cells th1/th17

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全身性高血压和青光眼:共同的发病机制及并发现象

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 23-23页

作者： Langman M.j.S. Lancashire R.j. Cheng K.K. Stewart P.M. 曹绪胜 Department of Medicine Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham B15 2TH United Kingdom Prof.

Aims: To determine whether systemic hypertension and glaucoma might coexist mo re often than expected, with possible implications for treatment. Methods: Case -control study using general practitioner database of patients with glaucoma ma tched with controls for age and sex. Results: Hypertension was significantly mor e common in the 27 080 patients with glaucoma (odds ratio 1.29, 95%confidence i ntervals 1.23 to 1.36, pthan in controls. Treatment by oral βblockade appeared to protect from risk (odds ratio 0.77, 95%CI 0.73 to 0.83, p th enhanced risk (odds ratio 1.78, 1.61 to 1.96). Conclusion: Common pathogenetic m echanisms in ciliary and renal tubular epithelia may explain coincidence of glau coma and systemic hypertension. the choice of cardiovascular treatment, could su bstantially influence glaucoma incidence, with βblockade protecting and ACE inh ibitors or calcium channel blockers not affecting underlying risk.

关键词：发病机制性别匹配 β受体阻滞剂心血管治疗病例对照研究执业医师病理遗传学糖皮质激素

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