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Thiazoloisoindigo-based Polymer Semiconductors: Synthesis,Structure-Property Relationship, Charge Carrier Polarity, and Field-Effect Transistor Performance

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第1期42卷 24-31,I0006页

作者： Bo-Wen Li Miao Xiong Mei-Hua Liu zhi-gao Li Long Sang Zi-Han Xiong Biao xiao Jian Pei xiao-Bo Wan Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices Ministry of EducationSchoolofOptoelectronic Materials&TechnologyJianghan UniversityWuhan430056China Bejing National Laboratoryfor Molecular Sciences the Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Developing new polymeric semiconductors with excellent device performance is essential for organic electronics. Herein, we synthesized two new thiazoloisoindigo(Tz II)-based polymers, namely, P(Tz II-d Th-d Th) and P(Tz II-d Th-d Tz), by copolymerizing thiophene-flanked Tz II with bithiophene and bithiazole, respectively. Owing to the more electron-deficient nature of bithiazole than bithiophene, P(Tz II-d Th-d Tz)possesses deeper LUMO/HOMO levels of-3.45/-5.47 e V than P(Tz II-d Th-d Th)(-3.34/-5.32 e V). The organic field-effect transistor(OFET) devices based on P(Tz II-d Th-d Th) exhibited p-type behaviors with an average hole mobility value as high as 1.43 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1), while P(Tz II-d Th-d Tz)showed typical ambipolar characteristics with average hole and electron mobilities of 0.38 and 0.56 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1). In addition, we compared the performances of both polymers with other Tz II-based polymers reported in our previous work, and showed that the charge carrier polarity can be manipulated by adjusting the number of the thiophene units between the acceptor unit. As the increase of the number of thiophene rings,charge carrier polarity shifts from electron-dominated ambipolar transport to hole-dominated ambipolar transport and then to unipolar hole transport in OFETs, which provides an effective molecular design strategy for further optimization of polymer OFET performance.

关键词： Field-effect transistor Charge carrier polarity Thiazoloisoindigo

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A compact route for efficient production of high-purity β-Ga2O3 powder

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4573-4584页

作者： xiao-Wei Zhou gao-Jie Chen Liang Xu zhi-Jun Shao Cheng Yang Yong-Pan Tian Zhuo Zhao School of Metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Low-Carbon Research Institute Anhui University of Technology

The present study has proposed a compact process for the production of high-purity β-Ga2O3powder by simply using gallium metal and water as the raw materials. The process basically consists of two essential steps including hydrothermal synthesis of Ga OOH and calcination of Ga OOH for the production of the target product of β-Ga2O3. Thermodynamic evaluation and systematic experiments were conducted for process parameter optimization. X-ray diffractometer（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, thermogravimetryDdifferential scanning calorimetry（TG-DSC） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） were utilized to clarify the reaction mechanisms of the hydrothermal synthesis and transformation of Ga OOH to β-Ga2O3by calcination. Chemical analysis of the final product of β-Ga2O3obtained under the optimal conditions was carried out with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）, and the results showed that the contents of the representative impurities such as Ni, Cu, In, Mn, Co, Zn and Cr are obviously lower than the requirement of 5N β-Ga2O3standard, exhibiting excellent application prospect of the proposed process to produce high-purity β-Ga2O3.

关键词： Calcination Hydrothermal synthesis Purity Reaction mechanism β-Ga2O3

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An Efficient Multi-objective Approach Based on Golden Jackal Search for Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第3期21卷 1541-1566页

作者： Keyu Zhong Fen xiao Xieping gao Key Laboratory of Computing and Stochastic Mathematics of Ministry of Education Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China School of Mathematics and Statistics Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China School of Computer Science Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan411105China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Language Information Processing Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China

Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch(DEED)aims to optimize control over fuel cost and pollution emission,two conflicting objectives,by scheduling the output power of various units at specific *** many methods well-performed on the DEED problem,most of them fail to achieve expected results in practice due to a lack of effective trade-off mechanisms between the convergence and diversity of non-dominated optimal dispatching *** address this issue,a new multi-objective solver called Multi-Objective Golden Jackal Optimization(MOGJO)algorithm is proposed to cope with the DEED *** proposed algorithm first stores non-dominated optimal solutions found so far into an ***,it chooses the best dispatching solution from the archive as the leader through a selection mechanism designed based on elite selection strategy and Euclidean distance index *** mechanism can guide the algorithm to search for better dispatching solutions in the direction of reducing fuel costs and pollutant ***,the basic golden jackal optimization algorithm has the drawback of insufficient search,which hinders its ability to effectively discover more Pareto *** this end,a non-linear control parameter based on the cosine function is introduced to enhance global exploration of the dispatching space,thus improving the efficiency of finding the optimal dispatching *** proposed MOGJO is evaluated on the latest CEC benchmark test functions,and its superiority over the state-of-the-art multi-objective optimizers is highlighted by performance ***,empirical results on 5-unit,10-unit,IEEE 30-bus,and 30-unit systems show that the MOGJO can provide competitive compromise scheduling solutions compared to published DEED ***,in the analysis of the Pareto dominance relationship and the Euclidean distance index,the optimal dispatching solutions provided by MOGJO are the closest to the ideal solutions for minimizing fuel costs

关键词： Dynamic economic emission dispatch Multi-objective optimization Golden jackal Euclidean distance index

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APFA:Ameliorated Pathfinder Algorithm for Engineering Applications

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第3期21卷 1592-1616页

Pathfinder algorithm(PFA)is a swarm intelligent optimization algorithm inspired by the collective activity behavior of swarm animals,imitating the leader in the population to guide followers in finding the best food *** algorithm has the characteristics of a simple structure and high ***,PFA faces challenges such as insufficient population diversity and susceptibility to local optima due to its inability to effectively balance the exploration and exploitation *** paper proposes an Ameliorated Pathfinder Algorithm called APFA to solve complex engineering optimization ***,a guidance mechanism based on multiple elite individuals is presented to enhance the global search capability of the ***,to improve the exploration efficiency of the algorithm,the Logistic chaos mapping is introduced to help the algorithm find more high-quality potential solutions while avoiding the worst ***,a comprehensive following strategy is designed to avoid the algorithm falling into local optima and further improve the convergence *** three strategies achieve an effective balance between exploration and exploitation overall,thus improving the optimization performance of the *** performance evaluation,APFA is validated by the CEC2022 benchmark test set and five engineering optimization problems,and compared with the state-of-the-art metaheuristic *** numerical experimental results demonstrated the superiority of APFA.

关键词： Pathfinder algorithm Swarm intelligent Metaheuristic Engineering problems

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Multi-objective optimization of feature selection using hybrid cat swarm optimization

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2021年第3期64卷 508-520页

作者： gao xiao-zhi NALLURI Madhu Sudana Rao KANNAN K SINHAROY Diptendu School of Computing University of Eastern FinlandKuopio 70210Finland School of Engineering Department of MathematicsAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbator 641112India School of Humanities and Sciences SASTRA UniversityThanjavur 612001India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of TechnologyMeghalayaShillong 793003India

With the pervasive generation of information from a wide range of sensors and devices,there always exist a large number of input features in databases,thus complicating machine learning problem ***,certain features are relatively impertinent to specific problems,which may degrade the performances of classifiers in terms of prediction accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,and recall *** main goal of a multi-objective optimization problem is to identify the subsets of the given *** this end,a hybrid cat swarm optimization(HCSO)algorithm is proposed in our paper for performance improvement of the basic cat swarm optimization(CSO)that incorporates guided and competitive&inherent characteristics into the original *** performance of HCSO has been tested by finding the optimal feature subset for 15 benchmark *** number of class labels for these datasets varies between 2 and *** time complexity analysis of both CSO and HCSO has also been ***,the performance of the proposed algorithm has been compared with that of simple CSO and other state-ofthe-art *** performances obtained by HCSO have an average 2.68%improvement with a standard deviation of *** maximum performance improvement is up to 10.09%in prediction *** on the same datasets,CSO has yielded improvements within the range of-7.27%to 8.51%with an average improvement 0.9%and standard deviation *** statistical tests carried out in the experiments prove that HCSO manifests a moderately better feature selection capacity than that of its counterparts.

关键词： feature selection competition cat swarm optimization guided search parameter evolution

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Effect of stress-relief annealing on thermal fatigue cracks for die-casting die steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第5期31卷 1164-1176页

作者： zhi-xiong Bai xiao-chun Wu School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China

The effect of stress-relief annealing at different stages of thermal fatigue tests on crack growth was investigated using a self-built thermal cycle *** results showed that annealing could limit crack expansion *** reduced dislocation density and released the accumulation of residual *** addition,the strain accumulation in carbides was reduced by this *** was also found that double annealing was even more effective at inhibiting crack expansion compared to single stress-relief *** 1000 cycles,the maximum crack length was reduced by 31.1%and 45.2%for the samples after using the optimal single and double annealing processes,*** single stress-relief annealing,earlier annealing provides more benefit in delaying crack ***,effective double stress-relief annealing requires a suitable time interval between the annealing ***,after 800 cycles,surface hardness decreased significantly accompanied by an increase in the size and number of carbides,and cracks expanded predominantly along grain boundaries.

关键词： Thermal fatigue Steel Carbide Stress-relief annealing Dislocation Residual stress

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The effects of cool materials,façade orientation,and morphological parameters on energy consumption at the residential neighborhood scale

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Building Simulation 2024年第4期17卷 525-542页

作者： Fusuo Xu Dongdong Tian zhi gao Jianshun Jensen Zhang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13210USA School of Architecture and Urban Planning Nanjing University22 Hankou RoadNanjingJiangsu Province210093China

Building surface cool materials are novel materials that can reduce urban heat island intensity and decrease building energy *** study investigated the impact of radiative properties of materials,façade orientation,and morphological parameters on energy consumption in six typical residential neighborhoods in Nanjing,*** neighborhood energy consumption of 16 application schemes considering the façade orientation factor is compared to determine the best energy-saving *** and annual energy-saving rates,savings in electricity costs,and the price ceiling for materials per unit area are *** results show that for low-rise buildings,using cool materials only on the roof can reduce the annual energy consumption by 1%.When cool or super cool materials are also used on the building façade,the annual energy saving rate can be up to 3.4%and 4.3%,*** cool materials on the south façade of buildings is not recommended due to significant heat loss in *** savings in electricity costs and the price ceiling for materials per unit area,the price of cool and super cool materials should be less than 3.0 and 3.7 RMB/m2,respectively,assuming a lifespan of eight years in Nanjing.

关键词： cool materials building energy saving neighborhood morphology façade orientation

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Energy-efficient buffer and service rate allocation in manufacturing systems using hybrid machine learning and evolutionary algorithms

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第2期12卷 227-251页

作者： Si-xiao gao Hui Liu Jun Ota Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics(IAIR)School of Traffic and Transportation EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha410075People’s Republic of China Research into Artifacts Center for Engineering School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan

Currently,simultaneous buffer and service rate allocation is a topic of interest in the optimization of manufacturing *** allocation problems have been solved previously to satisfy economic requirements;however,owing to the progress of green manufacturing,energy conservation and environmental protection have become increasingly ***,an energy-efficient approach is developed to maximize the throughput and minimize the energy consumption of manufacturing systems,subject to the total buffer capacity,total service rate,and predefined energy *** energy-efficient approach integrates the simulated annealing-non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II with the honey badger algorithm-histogram-based gradient boosting regression *** former algorithm searches for Pareto-optimal solutions of sufficient *** latter algorithm builds prediction models to rapidly calculate the throughput,energy consumption,and energy *** examples show that the proposed hybrid approach can achieve a better solution quality compared with previously reported ***,the prediction models can rapidly evaluate manufacturing systems with sufficient *** study benefits the multi-objective optimization of green manufacturing systems.

关键词： Energy-efficient allocation Multi-objective optimization Energy efficiency Energy consumption Machine learning

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Spatial covariant gravity with two degrees of freedom in the presence of an auxiliary scalar field:Perturbation analysis

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第8期48卷 198-212页

作者： zhi-Chao Wang Xian gao School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China

We investigate a class of gravity theories respecting only spatial covariance,termed spatially covariant gravity,in the presence of an auxiliary scalar *** examine the conditions on the Lagrangian required to eliminate scalar degrees of freedom,allowing only two tensorial degrees of freedom to *** of strict constraint analysis,in this paper,we employ the perturbation method and focus on the necessary conditions to evade the scalar mode at the linear order in perturbations around a cosmological *** with a general action and solving the auxiliary perturbation variables in terms of a would-be dynamical scalar mode,we derive the condition to remove its kinetic term,thus ensuring that no scalar mode *** an application of the general condition,we study a polynomial-type Lagrangian as a concrete example,in which all monomials are spatially covariant scalars containing two *** find that the auxiliary scalar field is essential,and new terms in the Lagrangian are *** analysis provides insights into constructing gravity theories with two degrees of freedom in the extended framework of spatially covariant gravity.

关键词： modified gravity cosmological perturbation theory gravitational theory

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Precise Asymptotics in Limit Theorems for a Supercritical Branching Process with Immigration in a Random Environment

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第8期40卷 1850-1874页

作者： Chun Mao HUANG Rui ZHANG zhi Qiang gao Department of Mathematics Harbin Institute of Technology(Weihai)Weihai 264209P.R.China School of Mathematical Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875P.R.China

Let(Zn)be a supercritical branching process with immigration in an independent and identically distributed random *** necessary moment conditions,we show the exact convergence rate in the central limit theorem on log Zn and establish the corresponding local limit theorem by using the moments of the natural submartingale and the convergence rates of its *** similar approach and with the help of a change of measure,we also present the so-called integrolocal theorem and integral large deviation theorem to characterize the precise asymptotics of the upper large deviations.

关键词： Branching process with immigration random environment central limit theorem large deviation

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