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Engineering Microbial Biofilms for Improved Productivity of Biochemicals Important in Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2022年第3期13卷 145-158页

作者： Mahesh Premarathna Thilini Rathnathilaka gamini seneviratne Sumedha Madawala Microbial Biotechnology Unit National Institute of Fundamental Studies Kandy Sri Lanka Deparment of Botany Faculty of Science University of Peradeniya Peradeniya Sri Lanka

Biofilms are being engineered in-vitro to produce numerous commodities like biofertilizers, pharmaceuticals, biofuels and electricity, the efficacies of which rely on the biochemicals secreted by the biofilms i.e. extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). It has been shown that once EPS-biochemicals of developed biofilms are applied to an ecosystem, they can restore degraded complex ecosystem networks for improved ecosystem functioning and sustainability. Identification of the EPS biochemicals and understanding their contributions to the network interactions in particular, are at initial stage. In the present study, using Aspergillus niger, Nostoc sp., and gram (-) Stenotrophomonas maltophilia & gram (+) Bacillus subtilis as test fungal (F), cyanobacterial (C), and bacterial (B) counterparts, respectively we analyzed morphology and biochemical parameters of fungal-bacterial (FBBs), fungal-cyanobacterial (FCBs), cyanobacterial-bacterial (CBBs), and fungal-cyanobacterial-bacterial biofilms (FCBBs). Results revealed that the FCBBs produced the highest concentrations of lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides whereas FBBs generated the highest diversity of biochemicals. Bacterial type (i.e. gram + or -) and microbial composition in the biofilm affected the biochemical production. Ecologically and industrially important diverse biochemicals which are used individually as medicines, bioremediating agents and industrial chemicals in human society with certain adverse and beneficial effects were detected in the biofilm-EPS. However, in the nature, simultaneous action of those diverse biochemicals applied as biofertilizers has already shown a huge potential to restore the entire agroecosystems degraded due to farmers’ detrimental practices. This striking difference in utilization of the biochemicals and their enhanced effect when they act simultaneously needs further investigations for their better applications.

关键词： Biochemicals Biofilms Ecosystem Restoration Extracellular Polymeric Substances

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Carbon Sequestration in Tropical Forest Stands: Its Control by Plant, Soil and Climatic Factors

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Open Journal of Forestry 2016年第2期6卷 59-71页

作者： K. A. J. M. Kuruppuarachchi gamini seneviratne Buddhika D. Madurapperuma Department of Botany The Open University of Sri Lanka Nawala Sri Lanka Microbial Biotechnology Unit Institute of Fundamental Studies Sri Lanka Department of Environmental Science and Management Humboldt State University Arcata CA USA

This study investigated the relationships amongst floristic, soil and climatic parameters and their control on carbon sequestration (CS) in two selected forest stands of Sri Lanka. Representative sampling sites were selected from the dry zone (Sigiriya forest sanctuary) and the wet zone (Udawattakele forest reserve) of Sri Lanka. Litter and soil samples were collected from each sampling site randomly in monthly intervals to cover an annual cycle. Plant biomass carbon stocks were calculated using standard biomass equations. Soil carbon stocks were determined by chemical oxidation and loss on ignition (LOI) methods. Principle Factor Analysis and multiple regression were used to quantify the relationships among the plants, soil and climatic variables. Plant biomass carbon stocks of the forests were governed by labile and stable C fractions, soil moisture, and plant diversity. The soil fulvic fraction acts as a focal point of interacting the variables such as soil N, free litter fraction (FLF) and humic fraction. During dry period in the dry zone forest, CS was governed by maximum relative humidity through an atmosphere-floor litter-soil continuum. Air temperature and FLF play a vital role in determining soil N. In addition, MacIntosh distance (U) diversity index showed a significant positive relationship with soil N. The dry zone forests are seen to be more climatic sensitive and vulnerable than the wet zone forests in Sri Lanka due to influence of more climatic parameters that govern the soil organic carbon fractions.

关键词： Tropical Forests Carbon Sequestration Soil Organic Carbon

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控制农业N2O的简便的方法

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AMBIO-人类环境杂志 1999年第4期 378-378页

作者： gamini seneviratne 李岱青 Biological Nitrogen Fixation Project Institute of Fundamental Studies Hantana Road Kandy Srl Lanka 中国环境科学院

N2O是一种具有较强的辐射能力的温室气体。人类活动产生的温室效应中有6%源自N2O,同时它还能对臭氧层产生破坏。近一个世纪以来,N2O的增加主要是由于农业中的食品结构改变造成的（***,pers,comm）。农田施肥是产生N2O的最主要的来源,约... 详细信息

N2O是一种具有较强的辐射能力的温室气体。人类活动产生的温室效应中有6%源自N2O,同时它还能对臭氧层产生破坏。近一个世纪以来,N2O的增加主要是由于农业中的食品结构改变造成的（***,pers,comm）。农田施肥是产生N2O的最主要的来源,约有70%的N2O来自农田中的肥料。但目前仍缺乏对各种管理方式减少N2O排放的能力以及农

关键词：覆盖物 N2O 豆科植物农业

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