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Habitat productivity and pyrethroid susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 921-930页

作者： Leah Mathias Vito Baraka Anitha Philbert Ester Innocent Filbert Francis gamba n.kwengulila Eliningaya J.Kweka Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation College of Natural and Applied SciencesUniversity of Dar es SalaamP.O.Box 35165Dar es SalaamTanzania national Institute for Medical Research Tanga Medical Research CentreP.O.Box 5004Tanga UrbanTangaTanzania Global Health Institute University of AntwerpGouverneur KinsbergencentrumDoornstraat 331B-2610WilrijkBelgium Mkwawa University College of Education Private BagIringaTanzania Institute of Traditional Medicine Muhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesP.O.Box 65001Dar es SalaamTanzania Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology Catholic University of Health and Allied SciencesP.O.Box 1464MwanzaTanzania Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control Tropical Pesticides Research InstituteNgaramtoniOff Nairobi RoadP.O.Box 3024ArushaTanzania

Background:Aedes aegypti(Diptera:Culicidae)is the main vector of the dengue virus *** vector control is mainly based on reducing the vector population through interventions,which target potential breeding ***,in Tanzania,little is known about this vector’s habitat productivity and insecticide susceptibility status to support evidence-based implementation of control *** present study aimed at assessing the productivity and susceptibility status of *** mosquitoes to pyrethroid-based insecticides in Dar es Salaam,***:An entomological assessment was conducted between January and July 2015 in six randomly selected wards in Dar es Salaam,*** productivity was determined by the number of female adult *** mosquitoes emerged per square *** susceptibility status of adult *** females after exposure to 0.05%deltamethrin,0.75%permethrin and 0.05%lambda-cyhalothrin was evaluated using the standard WHO *** rates were recorded after 24 h exposure and the knockdown effect was recorded at the time points of 10,15,20,30,40,50 and 60 min to calculate the median knockdown times(KDT50 and KDT95).Results:The results suggest that disposed tyres had the highest productivity,while water storage tanks had the lowest productivity among the breeding habitats Of *** *** sites demonstrated reduced susceptibility to deltamethrin(0.05%)within 24 h post exposure,with mortalities ranging from 86.3±1.9(mean±SD)to 96.8±0.9(mean±SD).The lowest and highest susceptibilities were recorded in Mikocheni and Sinza wards,***,all sites demonstrated reduced susceptibility permethrin(0.75%)ranging from 83.1±2.1%(mean±SD)to 96.2±0.9%(mean±SD),in Kipawa and Sinza,*** low mortality rates were observed in relation to lambda-cyhalothrin(0.05%)at all sites,ranging from 83.1±0.7(mean±SD)to 86.3±1.4(mean±SD).The median KDT_(50)for deltamethrin,permethrin and lambda-cyhalo

关键词： Culicidae Aedes aegypti Abundance Productivity Pyrethroid Knockdown effect Dar es Salaam Tanzania

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Sociodemographic determinants associated with breastfeeding in term infants with low birth weight in Latin American countries

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 141-149页

作者： Carlos Javier Avendaño-Vásquez Magda Liliana Villamizar-Osorio Claudia Jazmin niño-Peñaranda Judith Medellín-Olaya nadia Carolina Reina-gamba School of nursing Antonio Nariño UniversityBogotá111511Colombia School of nursing Universidad Cooperativa de ColombiaBucaramanga 102536Colombia School of nursing Universidad Nacional de ColombiaColombia 111511Colombia

BACKGROUnD A progressive decrease in exclusive breastfeeding(BF)is observed in Latin America and the Caribbean compared with global *** possibility of being breastfed and continuing BF for>6 months is lower in low birth weight than in healthy-weight *** To identify factors associated with BF maintenance and promotion,with particular attention to low-and middle-income countries,by studying geographic,socioeconomic,and individual or neonatal health *** A scoping review was conducted in 2018 using the conceptual model of social determinants of health published by the Commission on Equity and Health Inequalities in the United *** extracted data with common characteristics were synthesized and categorized into two main themes:(1)Sociodemographic factors and proximal determinants involved in the initiation and maintenance of BF in low-birth-weight term infants in Latin America;and(2)individual characteristics related to the self-efficacy capacity for BF maintenance and adherence in low-birth-weight term *** This study identified maternal age,educational level,maternal economic capacity,social stratum,exposure to BF substitutes,access to BF information,and quality of health services as mediators for maintaining *** Individual self-efficacy factors that enable BF adherence in at-risk populations should be analyzed for better health outcomes.

关键词： Breastfeeding Low birth weight Latin America Self-efficacy Social determinants of health

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Inter-sexual multimodal communication during mating in wild geladas:the leading role of females

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Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 570-580页

作者： Anna Zanoli Marco gamba Alban Lemasson Ivan norscia Elisabetta Palagi 无 Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of TurinVia Accademia Albertina 13Torino 10123Italy University of Rennes University of NormandieCNRSEthoS(Éthologie Animale et Humaine)263 Av.Général LeclercRennes 35700France Institut Universitaire de France 1 Rue DescartesParis 75005France natural History Museum University of PisaVia Roma 79Calci(Pisa)56011Italy Department of Biology Unit of EthologyUniversity of Pisa Via Alessandro Volta 6Pisa 50126Italy

Female primates can emit vocalizations associated with mating that can function as honest signals of ***,we investigated the role of mating calls and visual signals in female geladas(Theropithecus gelada).Because females have a central role in the gelada society and seem to solicit sexual interactions,we answered whether they emit vocalizations in conjunction with gazing to increase mating success *** and during copulations,females can emit pre-copulation calls and copulation *** the first time,we identified a new female vocalization emitted at the final stage of copulations(end-copulation call),possibly marking the occurrence of *** found that longer pre-copulation call sequences were followed by both prolonged copulations and the presence of end-copulation calls,thus suggesting that females use pre-copulation calls to ensure successful copula ***,we found that different combinations of female vocal types and gazing had different effects on male vocal behavior and motivation to complete the *** analysis of the vocal and visual signals revealed a complex inter-sexual multimodal chattering with the leading role of females in the signal *** chattering,led by females,modulates male sexual arousal,thus increasing the probability of the copula success.

关键词： copulation calls female end-copulation call inter-sexual coordination mating success multimodal communication Theropithecus gelada

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Extent of morbidity associated with schistosomiasis infection in Malawi: a review paper

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 185-192页

作者： Austin H n Mtethiwa gamba nkwengulila Jared Bakuza Daniel Sikawa Abigail Kazembe Lilongwe University of Agriculture and natural Resources(LUAnAR) Bunda CampusPO Box 219LilongweMalawi Zoology Department University of Dar es SalaamCollege of Natural and Applied SciencePO Box 35064Dar es SalaamTanzania Biological Sciences Unit Dar es Salaam University College of Education(DUCE)PO Box 2329Dar es SalaamTanzania University of Malawi Kamuzu College of NursingPrivate Bag 1LilongweMalawi

Data on the extent of the burden due to schistosomiasis is sparse in most Sub-Saharan African ***,this data is crucial for triggering medical attention.A review of extent of morbidity and determinants associated with schistosomiasis in Malawi was therefore conducted to quantify the infection in order to concretise the need for medical intervention.A systematic and traditional search strategy was used to find literature for the review,whilst exclusion and inclusion criteria were used to identify appropriate *** regression curves of epidemiological model Y=(a+bxc)/(1+bxc)and the recommendation that schistosomiasis prevalence can be used to estimate morbidity were employed to quantify morbidity at various infection *** was quantified as a direct proportion of the population and the respective national schistosomiasis *** showed that both *** and *** are present in Malawi with the latter highly prevalent(50%).Furthermore,out of the estimated population of 16,829 million,approximately 8.4 million have schistosomiasis,with about 4.4 million of these aged 18 years and *** most frequent manifestation is Katayama syndrome,while ascites is the lowest,impacting about 3.0 million and 960 individuals,*** studies on association of schistosomiasis infection to risk factors such as occupation,age and gender found odds ratio(OR)ranging from 1.29 to *** due to schistosomiasis is high in *** is therefore recommended that a more detailed study on the determinants of high schistosomiasis and re-evaluation of the current control measures be conducted if the current morbidity statistics are to be remarkably reduced.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Morbidity Risk factors Quantification Burden Extent

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Female indris determine the rhythmic structure of the song and sustain a higher cost when the chorus size increases

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 89-97页

作者： Chiara De Gregorio Anna Zanoli Daria Valente Valeria Torti Giovanna Bonadonna Rose Marie Randrianarison Cristina Giacoma Marco gamba Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi Universita di Torino via Accademia Albertina Torino Italia Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilita Ambientale Universita di Parma Parma Italia Group d'Ttude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP) Antananarivo Madagascar Departement de Anthropobiologie et Developpement Durable Universite d'Antananarivo Faculte des Sciences Antananarivo Madagascar

Among the behavioral traits shared by some nonhuman primate species and humans there is singing. Unfortunately, our understanding of animals' rhythmic abilities is still in its infancy. Indris are the only lemurs who sing and live in monogamous pairs, usually forming a group with their offspri ng. All adult members of a group usually participate in choruses that are emitted regularly and play a role in advertising territorial occupa ncy and in tergroup spaci ng. Males and females emit phrases that have similar frequency ranges but may differ in their temporal structure. We examined whether the individuals' contribution to the song may change according to chorus size, the total duration of the song or the duration of the individual con tribution using the in ter-on set intervals within a phrase and between phrases. We found that the rhythmic structure of indri's songs depends on factors that are different for males and females. We showed that females have sigrdficantly higher variation in the rhythm of their contribution to the song and that, changes according to chorus size. Our findings indicate that female indris sustain a higher cost of singing than males whe n the nu mber of singers in creases. These results suggest that cross-species investigatio ns will be crucial to un derstanding the evoluti on ary frame in which such sexually dimorphic traits occurred.

关键词： chorus coordination duets lemurs singing synchrony

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Application of Whey Permeate Fermented with Kefir Grains for the Shelf-Life Improvement of Food and Feed

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Advances in Microbiology 2016年第9期6卷 650-661页

作者： Raúl Ricardo gamba Candela Moure Gabriela Diosma Leda Giannuzzi Graciela Liliana De Antoni Ángela María León Peláez Cátedra de Microbiología Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata La Plata Argentina CIDCA (Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de los Alimentos) La Plata Argentina COnICET (Consejo nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas) CCT-La Plata La Plata Argentina Cátedra de Toxicología Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata La Plata Argentina CIC-PBA (Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas-Provincia de Buenas Aires) Buenas Aires Argentina

Fungal contamination by Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus causes negative effects on the production of food cereals. Kefir is an ancient fermented beverage obtained by the fermentation of different substrates with kefir grains. An important waste produced by the dairy cheese industry is the whey permeate, which nowadays is a strong ambient contaminant. The aim of this work was the standardization of the whey permeate fermenting conditions with kefir grains, the assessment of the antifungal activity of the cell-free-supernatants (CFS) from these fermentations and to compare it with that obtained with CFS of milk fermented with kefir grains. Finally, we studied if the addition of kefir fermented whey permeate to food (bread) and feed (poultry) could produce shelf life improvement. The optimal condition to obtain CFS with fungicidal effect was a fermentation with 10% w/v of kefir grains, at 30°C, for 24 hours until a pH 3.7. We found that CFS from whey permeate caused fungal inhibition, whereas CFS of kefir grains grown in milk showed lower antifungal activity. Additionally, the addition of kefir-fermented whey permeates in food (bread) and feed (poultry) improved their resistance to fungal contamination. This is the first report about the application of kefir-fermented whey permeate to improve the shelf life, suggesting its potential use as a biopreservative.

关键词： Aspergillus parasiticus Whey Permeate Kefir Supernatants Bread Poultry Feed

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Antifungal Activity against <i>Aspergillus parasiticus</i>of Supernatants from Whey Permeates Fermented with Kefir Grains

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Advances in Microbiology 2015年第6期5卷 479-492页

作者： Raúl Ricardo gamba Carolina ni Colo Mariana Correa Andrea Astoreca Teresa Alconada Graciela De Antoni Angela León Peláez Cátedra de Microbiología Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata La Plata Argentine CIDCA (Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de los Alimentos) La Plata Argentine COnICET (Consejo nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas) CCT-La Plata La Plata Argentine CInDEFI (Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales) Universidad Nacional de La Plata La Plata Argentine CIC-PBA (Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas-Provincia de Buenas Aires) Buenas Aires Argentine

Aspergillus parasiticus, a common fungal contaminant in food, produces aflatoxin B1, which is classified as human carcinogen. Kefir is an ancient fermented beverage obtained by the fermentation of different substrates with kefir grains. A very important waste produced by the dairy cheese industry is the whey permeate, which nowadays is a strong ambient contaminant. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of whey permeates fermented with kefir grains against A. parasiticus growth, aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis, and the kefir microorganisms protection against the cell damage produced by aflatoxin B1. It was observed that kefir-cell-free-supernatants (CFS) produced fungal inhibition. A fungicidal effect was observed with 65% v/v of CFS in the culture medium (final pH 4.55 and total undissociated lactic and acetic acid concentration 34.08 mM). Under these conditions, aflatoxin production was not detected. Finally, it was found that non-viable kefir microorganisms protected HepG2 cells from the damage produced by aflatoxin B1.

关键词： Aspergillus parasiticus Whey Permeate Aflatoxin B1 Kefir Supernatants Lactic Acid Acetic Acid Cytotoxicity HepG2 Cells

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中国麻阳河国家级自然保护区黑叶猴种群数量估计与分布

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动物学杂志 2016年第6期51卷 925-938页

作者：牛克锋肖志王彬杨德 Chia L Tan 张鹏颜修刚王华余波杨天友樊均德崔多英邹启先吴安康魏鲁明邹浩 Marco gamba Cristina Giacoma 杨业勤梵净山国家级自然保护区管理局都灵大学生命科学与系统生物学系意大利都灵10123 麻阳河国家级自然保护区管理局圣地亚哥动物园保护研究中心美国加州埃斯孔迪多92027 铜仁学院生物与农林工程学院北京动物园圈养野生动物技术北京市重点实验室

2012年10月至2015年5月,对中国贵州省麻阳河国家级自然保护区黑叶猴(Trachypithecus francoisi)的种群数量和分布进行了调查研究。本次调查采用了直接观察猴群计数、夜宿地观察、问卷调查和访问、未出版资料及文献补充4种调查方法。结... 详细信息

2012年10月至2015年5月,对中国贵州省麻阳河国家级自然保护区黑叶猴(Trachypithecus francoisi)的种群数量和分布进行了调查研究。本次调查采用了直接观察猴群计数、夜宿地观察、问卷调查和访问、未出版资料及文献补充4种调查方法。结果表明,麻阳河国家级自然保护区及周边共有黑叶猴72群(含保护区外2群)。基于直接计数的25个猴群,计算猴群平均大小为(7.7±2.9)只,并以此计算保护区及周边黑叶猴数量为554只。其中,凉桥片区共有41群,315只;龚溪口片区共有16群,123只;务川片区共有15群,116只。调查发现保护区黑叶猴的分布基本以麻阳河、洪渡河及其支流兰子河为中轴,以箱状河谷的峭壁上和河岸附近的植被区作为主要活动范围。67群猴群发现点位于离河流中轴线缓冲距1 500 m区域以内,占总群数的93.1%。因此,为了确保该物种的生存以及缓解当地人猴冲突,建议重点加强对河流两岸栖息地的保护管理和自然植被恢复,尤其在人口稠密区更为必要。

关键词：黑叶猴种群数量估计分布麻阳河国家级自然保护区

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