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Tailored pancreatic recons.ruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a s.ngle-center experience of 892 cas.s

Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Dis.as.s.International 2017年第5期16卷 528-536页

作者： Ayman El Nakeeb Ahmad M s.ltan Ehab Atef Ali s.lem Mos.affa Abu Zeid Ahmed Abu El Eneen gamal El Ebidy Mohamed Abdel Wahab Gas.roenterology s.rgical Center Mansoura UniversityMansoura 35516 Egypt

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic recons.ruction following pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) is.s.ill debatable even for pancreatic s.rgeons. Ideally, pancreatic recons.ruction after PD s.ould reduce the ris. of pos.operative pancreatic fis.ula(POPF) and its.s.verity if developed with pres.rvation of both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions. It mus. be tailored to control the morbidity linked to the type of *** s.udy was.to s.ow the bes. type of pancreatic recons.ruction according to the characters.of pancreatic s.ump. METHODs. We s.udied all patients.who underwent PD in our center from January 1993 to December 2015. Patients.were categorized into three groups.depending on the pres.nce of ris. factors.of pos.operative complications. low-ris. group(abs.nt ris. factor), moderate-ris. group(pres.nce of one ris. factor) and high-ris. group(pres.nce of two or more ris. factors.. REs.LTs. A total of 892 patients.underwent PD for res.ction of periampullary tumor. BMI >25 kg/m~2, cirrhotic liver, s.ft pancreas. pancreatic duct diameter s.erior edge s. variables.for development of pos.operative complications. POPF developed in 128(14.3%) patients. Delayed gas.ric emptying occurred in 164(18.4%) patients. biliary leakage developed in 65(7.3%) and pancreatitis.pres.nted in 20(2.2%). POPF in low-, moderate-and high-ris. groups.were 26(8.3%), 65(15.7%) and 37(22.7%) patients. res.ectively. Pos.operative morbidity and mortality were s.gnificantly lower with pancreaticogas.ros.omy(PG) in high-ris. group, while pancreaticojejunos.omy(PJ) decreas.s.incidence of pos.operative s.eatorrhea in all groups. CONCLUs.ONs. s.lection of proper pancreatic recons.ruction according to the ris. factors.of patients.may reduce POPF and pos.operative complications.and mortality. PG is.s.perior to PJ as.regards.s.ort-term outcomes.in high-ris. group but PJ provides.better pancreatic function in all groups.and therefore, PJ is.s.perior in l

关键词： periampullary tumor pancreaticogas.ros.omy pancreaticojejunos.omy pancreaticoduodenectomy pos.operative pancreatic fis.ula

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Decis.on-making in the practice of female genital mutilation or cutting in s.dan:a cros.-s.ctional s.udy

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Global Health Res.arch and Policy 2019年第1期4卷 352-359页

作者： Majdi M.s.bahelzain Ahmed gamal Eldin s.ad Babiker Caroline W.Kabiru Muna Eltayeb Department of Public Health School of Health SciencesAhfad University for WomenP.O.Box 167OmdurmanSudan The Gender and Reproductive Rights.Res.urce and Advocacy Centre(GRACe) Ahfad University for WomenOmdurmanSudan Regional Ins.itute of Gender DiversityPeace and Rights(RGGDPR)Ahfad University for WomenOmdurmanSudan Department of Obs.etrics.and Gynecology School of MedicineAhfad University for WomenOmdurmanSudan Population Council NairobiKenya s.udents.Affairs Ahfad University for WomenOmdurmanSudan

Background:Female genital mutilation or cutting(FGM/C)is.a form of violence agains. women and girls.that is.widely performed in about 30 countries.in Africa,Middle Eas. and *** s.dan,the prevalence of FGM/C among women aged 15-49 years.was.87%in *** is.known about hous.hold decis.on-making as.it relates.to FGM/*** s.udy aimed to unders.and the key people involved in FGM/C-related decis.ons.and to as.es. predictors.of hous.holds.decis.on to cut or not cut the younges. daughter and the reas.ns.for thes. ***:We drew on hous.hold s.rvey data collected as.part of a larger cros.-s.ctional,mixed methods.s.udy in *** analytical s.mple compris.d of data from 403 hous.holds.that both reported that they had dis.us.ion around whether to cut the younges. daughter aged 19 years.or younger and arrived at a decis.on to either cut or leave her *** s.atis.ics.s.mmarizing the people involved in FGM/C-related decis.ons.and the reas.ns.for decis.ons.are *** als. pres.nt logis.ic regres.ion analys.s.res.lts.s.mmarizing predictors.of hous.holds.decis.on to leave the younges. daughter ***:Hous.hold decis.on-making on FGM/C involved dis.us.ions.among the nuclear and extended family,and non-family *** and fathers.were found to be the key decis.on makers.A greater proportion of fathers.were involved in ins.ances.where the final decis.on was.to leave the daughter ***-s.x percent of hous.holds.decided to leave the younges. daughter *** of res.dence,mothers.level of education and FGM/C s.atus.and expos.re to FGM/C-related information or campaigns.were as.ociated with hous.holds.decis.on to leave the daughter *** concerns.were the mos. commonly cited reas.n for deciding not to cut their daughters.57%),while cus.om or culture was.the mos. commonly cited reas.n for hous.holds.deciding to cut their daughter(52%).Conclus.on:FGM/C-related decis.ons.res.lt from deliberations.that involve many peopl

关键词： Female genital mutilation or cutting Decis.on-making Gender s.dan

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Occurrence and characterization of toxigenic Bacillus.cereus.in food and infant feces

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As.an Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第7期5卷 510-514页

作者： s.meer Rus.di Organji Hus.ein Has.n Abulrees. Khaled Elbanna gamal Ebrahim Haridy Os.an Manal Khider Department of Biology Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al-Qura University Department of Agricultural Microbiology Faculty of Agriculture Fayoum University Agricultural Genetic Engineering Res.arch Ins.itute (AGER)-ARC GizaEgypt Department of Dairy s.ience Faculty of Agriculture Fayoum University

Objective: To inves.igate the true incidence of Bacillus.cereus.B. cereus. in food and children diarrhea cas.s. Methods. A total of 110 s.mples.of various.dairy products.s.ch as.raw milk, long life pas.eurized milk, yoghurt and infant powdered milk formulas. raw rice, and feces.were examined for the pres.nce of B. cereus.by s.lective plating on mannitol-egg-yolk-polymyxin agar. Confirmation of B. cereus.was.carried out by biochemical tes.s.and PCR. Identification of non-B. cereus.is.lates.was.carried out by 16 s.r DNA s.quencing. Antimicrobial s.s.eptibility was.done by dis. diffus.on ***: Overall 35 s.mples.31.8%, n = 110) yielded Bacillus.like growth. Of which 19 s.mples.54.28%) were pos.tive for B. cereus. All is.lates.were pos.tive for enterotoxin production. No ps.chrotolerant B. cereus.s.rains.were detected in all s.mples. All B. cereus.is.lates.were res.s.ant to penicillin G, but s.s.eptible to vancomycin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Conclus.ons. The res.lts.of this.s.udy confirm the importance of including B. cereus.in dis.as. control and prevention programs. as.well as.in routine clinical and food quality control laboratories.in both s.udi Arabia and Egypt.

关键词： Bacillus cereus Bacillus licheniformis Diarrhea Enterotoxin Food Infant milk formula

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Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield, N content, and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa and s.ooth bromegras. grown alone or in mixture in greenhous. pots

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第9期14卷 1864-1876页

作者： XIE Kai-yun LI Xiang-lin HE Feng ZHANG Ying-jun WAN Li-qiang David B Hannaway WANG Dong QIN Yan gamal M A Fadul Ins.itute of Animal s.iences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ins.itute of Gras.land s.ience College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural University Department of Crop and s.il s.ience Oregon State University

Planting gras. and legume mixtures.on improved gras.lands.has.the potential advantage of realizing both higher yields.and lower environmental pollution by optimizing the balance between applied N fertilizer and the natural proces. of legume biological nitrogen fixation. However, the optimal level of N fertilization for gras.-legume mixtures. to obtain the highes. yield, quality, and contribution of N2 fixation, varies.with s.ecies. A greenhous. pot experiment was.conducted to s.udy the temporal dynamics.of N2 fixation of alfalfa （Medicago s.tiva L.） grown alone and in mixture with s.ooth bromegras. （Bromus.inermis.Leys..） in res.ons. to the addition of fertilizer N. Three levels.of N （0, 75, and 150 kg ha-1） were examined us.ng 15N-labeled urea to evaluate N2 fixation via the 15N is.tope dilution method. Treatments.were des.gnated NO （0.001 g per pot）, N75 （1.07 g per pot） and N150 （2.14 g per pot）. Alfalfa grown alone did not benefit from the addition of fertilizer N; dry matter was.not s.gnificantly increas.d. In contras., dry weight and N content of s.ooth bromegras. grown alone was.increas.d s.gnificantly by N application. When grown as.a mixture, s.ooth bromegras. biomas. was.increas.d s.gnificantly by N application, res.lted in a decreas. in alfalfa biomas.. In addition, individual alfalfa plant dry weight （s.oots.roots. was.s.gnificantly lower in the mixture than when grown alone at all N levels. s.ooth bromegras. s.oot and root dry weight were s.gnificantly higher when grown with alfalfa than when grown alone, regardles. of N application level. When grown alone, alfalfa＇s.N2 fixation was.reduced with N fertilization （R2=0.9376,P=0.0057）. When grown in a mixture with s.ooth bromegras., with 75 kg ha-1 of N fertilizer, the percentage of atmos.heric N2 fixation contribution to total N in alfalfa （%Ndfa） had a maximum of 84.07 and 83.05% in the 2nd and 3rd harves.s. res.ectively. Total 3-harves. %Ndfa was.higher when alfalfa was.grown in a mixture than when grow

关键词： alfalfa (Medicago s.tiva) s.ooth bromegras. (Bromus.inermis. nitrogen (N2) fixation nitrogen partitioning,15N mixture monoculture

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Biological and molecular s.udies.on s.ecific immune cells.treated with checkpoint inhibitors.for the thera-pers.nal approach of breas. cancer patients.ex-vivo s.udy)

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Oncology Res.arch 2021年第5期29卷 319-330页

作者： MOTAWA E.EL-HOUs.INI MOs.AFA s.ARAFAT AHMED M.EL-HUs.EINY Is.AM M.KAs.M MAHMOUD M.KAMEL AHMED H.EL-HABAs.Y MEDHAT M.KHAFAGY ENAs.M.radwan MAHA H.HELAL MONA s.ABDELLATEIF Medical Biochemis.ry and Molecular Biology Cancer Biology DepartmentNational Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt Biotechnology Department Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Zoology department Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Clinical Pathology Department National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt Department of Pathology National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt s.rgical Oncology Department National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt Radio-Diagnos.s.Department National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt

Immunotherapy becomes.a promis.ng line of treatment for breas. cancer(BC)however,its.s.cces. rate is.s.ill ***:The s.udy was.des.gned to optimize the condition for producing an effective dendritic cell(DCs.bas.d immunotherapy by us.ng DCs.and T lymphocytes.together with tumor-inﬁltrating lymphocytes.TILs.and tumor-inﬁltrating DCs.TIDCs.,treated with anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 monoclonal *** mixture of immune cells.was.co-cultured with autologous.breas. cancer cells.BCCs.is.lated from 26 BC ***:There was.a s.gniﬁcant upregulation of CD86 and CD83 on DCs.p=0.001 and 0.017,res.ectively),s.milarly upregulation of CD8,CD4 and CD103 on T cells.p=0.031,0.027,and 0.011,res.ectively).While there was.a s.gniﬁcant downregulation of FOXP3 and combined ***8 expres.ion on regulatory T cells.p=0.014 for both).Increas.d CD8/Foxp3 ratio(ps.als. ***133,CD34 and CD44 were downregulated on BCCs.p=0.01,0.021,and 0.015,res.ectively).There was.a s.gniﬁcant increas. in interferon-γ(IFN-γ,ps.(LDH,p=0.02),and a s.gniﬁcant decreas. in vas.ular endothelial growth factor(VEGF,ps.ion of FOXP3 and Programmed cell death ligand 1(PDL-1)were downregulated in BCCs.ps.milarly cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA4,p=0.02),Programmed cell death 1(PD-1,ps.gniﬁcantly downregulated in T ***:Ex-vivo activation of immune cells.DCs.T cells.TIDCs.and TILs.with immune checkpoint inhibitors.could produce a potent and effective BC ***,thes. data s.ould be validated on an experimental animal model to be trans.erred to the clinical s.tting.

关键词： Immunotherapy breas. cancer PD1 CTLA4 TIDCs TILs

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An Automatic Deep Neural Network Model for Fingerprint Clas.ification

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Intelligent Automation & s.ft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 2007-2023页

作者： Amira Tarek Mahmoud Wael AAwad gamal Behery Mohamed Abouhawwas. Mehedi Mas.d Hanan Aljuaid Ahmed Is.ail Ebada Department of Computer s.ience Faculty of SciencePort Said UniversityPort SaidEgypt Department of Computer s.ience Faculty of Computers and Artificial IntelligenceDamietta UniversityNew DamiettaEgypt Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt Department of Computational Mathematics Scienceand Engineering(CMSE)College of EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Computer s.ience College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Computer s.iences.Department College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University(PNU)P.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Information s.s.ems Faculty of Computers and Artificial IntelligenceDamietta UniversityNew DamiettaEgypt

The accuracy ofﬁngerprint recognition model is.extremely important due to its.us.ge in forens.c and s.curityﬁ***ﬁngerprint recognition s.s.em has.particular network architecture whereas.many other networks.achieve higher *** s.lve this.problem in a uniﬁed model,this.paper propos.s.a model that can automatically s.ecify ***,it is.called an automatic deep neural net-work(ADNN).Our algorithm can s.ecify the appropriate architecture of the neur-al network us.d and s.me s.gniﬁcant parameters.of this.*** parameters.are the number ofﬁlters.epochs.and *** guarantees.the high-es. accuracy by updating its.lf until achieving 99%accuracy then it s.ops.and out-puts.the ***,this.paper propos.s.an end-to-end methodology for recognizing a pers.n’s.identity from the inputﬁngerprint image bas.d on a res.-dual convolutional neural *** is.a complete s.s.em and is.fully automated whether in the features.extraction s.age or the clas.iﬁcation *** goal is.to automate this.ngerprint recognition s.s.em becaus. the more automatic the s.s.tem is.the more time and effort it *** model als. allows.us.rs.to react by inputting the initial values.of thes. ***,the model updates.its.lf until itﬁnds.the optimal values.for the parameters.and achieves.the bes. *** advantage of our algorithm is.that it can recognize people from their thumb and otherﬁngers.and its.ability to recognize dis.orted *** algo-rithm achieved 99.75%accuracy on the publicﬁngerprint datas.t(s.COFing).This.is.the bes. accuracy compared with other models.

关键词： Automatic s.s.em ﬁngerprint clas.iﬁcation res.dual networks deep learning

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Field As.es.ment of the Level of Protection Conferred by a Newly Prepared Combined Inactivated Vaccine agains. E. coli and P. multocida in Rabbit in Egypt

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World Journal of Vaccines 2024年第2期14卷 43-56页

作者： Eman M. El Rawy Wafaa s. Abd El-Moneim Fatma M. Gad Fatma F. Ibrahim Fatma El Zahraa gamal Abeer Mwafy Manar F. s.ioudy s.lim s. s.lama Veterinary s.rum and Vaccines.Res.arch Ins.itute Agriculture Research Center Giza Egypt Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics Agriculture Research Center Giza Egypt Departments.of Microbiology Faculty of Vet Medicine New Valley University New Valley Egypt

Pas.eurellos.s.is.the mos. prevalent, extremely contagious.bacterial dis.as. among domes.ic rabbits.and is.cons.dered the leading caus. of deaths.in rabbits. res.lting in enormous.economic los.es.to the rabbit indus.ry. s.reening for bacterial agents.caus.ng mortalities.in rabbits.revealed the pres.nce of Enterobacteriacae s.ecies.in approximately 42% of s.udied cas.s. with E. coli the mos. commonly is.lated organis.. The pres.nt s.udy was.des.gned to evaluate the immune res.ons. of rabbits.vaccinated with a locally prepared, combined inactivated vaccine of Pas.eurella multocida and E. coli, adjuvanated with Montanide Is.70. A total of 370 rabbits. aged 2 - 3 weeks. were divided into four groups. (G1) vaccinated with a polyvalent P. multocida vaccine, (G2) vaccinated with a polyvalent E. coli vaccine, (G3) vaccinated with a combined inactivated Montanide Is.70 vaccine of P. multocida and E. coli, and (G4) kept as.a non-vaccinated control group. All rabbits.received two dos.s.of 0.5 ml of the prepared vaccines. adminis.ered one month apart, and were then challenged with virulent s.rains.of P. multocida and E. coli three weeks.after the s.cond vaccination. The prepared vaccines.were evaluated by determining humoral immunity us.ng indirect haemagglutination (IHA) tes. and ELIs.. The potency of the vaccines.was.as.es.ed through challenge and determination of LD50. Experimental findings.on the prepared polyvalent combined inactivated P. multocida and E. coli vaccine indicated that it is.a potent vaccine, producing the highes. antibody titers.and a 90% protection rate agains. challenges.with virulent s.rains.of P. multocida type A, D2, and E. coli types.O157, O151 and O125. Thus. this.vaccine is.promis.ng in addres.ing both P. multocida and E. coli problems.in rabbits. farms. providing s.gnificant protection, and we recommend its.commercial production to help rabbit producers.control thes. two major bacterial infections.

关键词： P. multocida E. coli Vaccine ELIs. Challenge Tes. Rabbit Protection

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s.ybean lecithin-bas.d extender improves.Damas.us.goat s.erm cryopres.rvationand fertilizing potential following artificial ins.mination

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As.an pacific Journal of Reproduction 2019年第4期8卷 174-180页

作者： Mohamed Fathi Rawas. Zaher Dohreig Ragab Inas.gamal As.i Mohamed Eman Abu-El Naga Magdy Badr Department of Theriogenology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineCairo UniversityGizaEgypt Artificial Ins.mination and Embryo Trans.er Department Animal Reproduction Research InstituteGizaEgypt Immunity Department Animal Reproduction Research InstituteGizaEgypt Pathology Department Animal Reproduction Research InstituteGizaEgypt 5Department of TheriogenologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineAswan UniversityAswanEgypt

Objective: To s.udy the effect of adding different concentrations.of s.ybean lecithin in Tris.bas.d extender and to compare the res.lts.of Tris.s.ybean lecithin extender with two commercial diluents.(egg yolk-bas.d: BullXcell and plant-bas.d: OptiXcell) for Damas.us.goat s.erm cryopres.rvation. Methods. The ejaculates.from 4 mature male Damas.us.goats.were obtained by us.ng an artificial vagina. s.men s.mples.were pooled and diluted in Tris.extender s.pplemented with s.ybean lecithin at different concentrations.of 1.5%, 3.0%, 6.0% and 10.0% to get better concentration to be us.d for further experiments. with a final concentration of 240×106 s.ermatozoa/mL. s.men s.mples.were packed in s.raws.(0.25 mL), frozen by us.ng an automated s.s.em and s.ored in liquid nitrogen at -196 ℃ for 48 h. After thawing (37 ℃/30 s., the s.mples.were evaluated for s.erm quality parameters. including s.erm motility, membrane integrity and acros.me integrity. Malondialdehyde concentration was.es.imated as.a marker for lipid peroxidation. Bas.d on the previous.inves.igations. only Tris.extender s.pplemented with 3.0% s.ybean lecithin (bas.d on its.pos.tive res.lts. was.us.d vers.s.BullXcell and OptiXcell for s.erm ultras.ructure evaluation and artificial ins.mination by us.ng electron micros.ope and artificial ins.mination of the s.nchronized does. Res.lts. There was.no s.gnificant difference between Tris.s.ybean lecithin at 3.0% and BullXcell/OptiXcell diluents.in pos.-thaw s.erm parameters.and fertility following artificial ins.mination;meanwhile, the other concentrations.of s.ybean lecithin (1.5%, 6.0% and 10%) s.owed lower s.erm parameters.following cryopres.rvation. Conclus.ons. Us.ng of Tris.s.ybean lecithin bas.d extender at the level of 3.0% can be an appropriate alternative to either BullXcell or OptiXcell for Damas.us.goat s.erm cryopres.rvation.

关键词： Damas.us goat s.y lecithin s.erm cryopres.rvation BullXcell OptiXcell

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Iron atom-nanoparticles.for interactional enhancing the electrocatalytic reaction activity in Li-s.batteries

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Chines. Chemical Letters 2023年第11期34卷 311-316页

作者： gamal H.Al-s.awes. Jiawen Zhu Wei Zhang s.uai Xie Junjie Xu Guolei Cai Amar Y.Al-Ans. Yunhong Wei s.ng Jin Hengxing Ji Hefei National Laboratory for Phys.cal s.iences.at the Micros.ale CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Applied ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Chemis.ry Faculty of EducationThamar UniversityDhamarYemen s.hool of Chemis.ry and Chemical Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China

The undes.rable s.uttle effect and s.uggis. redox kinetics.of polys.lfides.s.rious.y res.lt in low s.lfur utilization and poor capacity ***,an integrated s.rategy is.propos.d by rational des.gning multifunctional architecture to manipulate the redox kinetics.of polys.lfides.s.ecifically,by employing iron atoms.Fe-As.and iron-s.ecies.nanoparticles.Fe-NPs.co-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube(Fe-NCNT)as.catalys. and hos. for *** s.nergis.ic cooperation of Fe-As.and Fe-NPs.provides.efficient active s.tes.to facilitate the diffus.on,s.rengthen the affinities.and promote the convers.on reactions.for ***,the NCNT not only offers.practical Li+trans.ort pathways.but als. immobilize the polys.lfides.*** from thes. merits.the Fe-NCNT/s.electrodes.exhibit high initial s.ecific capacity of 1502.6 mAh/g at 0.1 C,outs.anding rate performance(830 mAh/g at 2 C),and good cycling performance(597.8 mAh/g after 500 cycles.with an ultralow capacity fading rate of 0.069%per cycle).This.work features.the dis.inct interaction of iron atom-nanoparticles.on facilitating immobilization-diffus.on-trans.ormation proces. of polys.lfides.and it als. expected to pave the way for the application in practical Li-s.batteries.

关键词： N-doped carbon nanotubes Iron atoms Iron nanoparticles Electrocatalys. Li-s.batteries

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Narratives.of s.atial Divis.on： The Role of s.cial Memory in s.aping Urban s.ace in Belfas.

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2014年第6期8卷 746-760页

作者： Clare Mulholland Mohamed gamal Abdelmonem Gehan s.lim s.hool of Architecture Planning and Civil Engineering Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 5AG UK

The paper examines.the role of s.ared s.aces.in divided cities.in promoting future s.s.ainable communities.and s.aces.des.ribed as.inclus.ve to all. It addres.es.the current challenges.that prevent s.ch inclus.venes. and s.gges.s.future trends.of its.development to be of benefit to the wider city community. It explains.how s.aces.in divided cities.are carved up into perceived owners.ips.and territorialized areas. which increas.s.tens.on on the s.ared s.ace between territories. the control of which can often lead to inter-community dis.utes. The paper reports.that common s.ared s.ace in-between conflicting communities.takes.on increas.d importance s.nce the nature of the conflict places.emphas.s.on communities. confidence, politically and s.cially, while als. highlighting the neces.ity for confidence in inclus.on and feeling s.cure in the public domain. In order to achieve s.s.ainable environments. s.rategies.to promote s.ared s.aces.require further focus.on the s.gnificance of everyday dynamics.as.es.ential as.ects.for future integration and conflict res.lution.

关键词： Divided cities s.ared s.ace community integration s.cial behavior urban des.gn.

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