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The Comparative Performance of Plug Preparation Using Different Fertilizer Sources and Concentrations

Agricultural Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 1193-1205页

作者： George Paul Buss Paige Ann Carroll Mya Alexandria Catherine Griffith Xiusheng Yang John L. Griffis galen papkov Sarah Bauer Kathryn Jackson Ankit Kumar Singh Department of Marine and Earth Sciences The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Natural Resources University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Mathematics Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering Mercer University Macon GA USA Independent Researcher Alexandria VA USA

Plugs are crucial for initiating crop production in greenhouses, soil, and controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Vegetable, fruiting, ornamental, and other horticultural crops that utilize plugs for production have demonstrated superior transplant establishment rate, plant health, and total yield. The APS Laboratory for Sustainable Food at Florida Gulf Coast University investigated the quality of plugs grown based on different concentrations and fertigation sources using synthetic and organic sources. We carried out the growth of “Rex Butterhead” Lettuce (Latuca sativa) plugs with five different fertigation treatments, 1) full-strength synthetic starter fertilizer solution;2) half-strength synthetic starter fertilizer solution;3) full-strength organic starter fertilizer solution;4) half-strength organic starter fertilizer solution, and 5) no fertilizer for control. Fertilizer treatments were formulated following manufacturer recommendations. The seeds were sown in Oasis® Horticubes and saturated every day with the different fertilizer treatments. The plugs were cultivated for 15 days in a controlled environment until two leaves after the cotyledons had developed. After 15 days, we collected data which included wet weight (g), dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2), and chlorophyll concentration (mg/cm2). In addition, we derived data including the Leaf Area Index (LAI, cm2/cm2) and Specific Leaf Area (SLA, cm2/g). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the biomass data. A Tukey’s HSD test was carried out to understand the differences between the fertilizer sources. We determined there was a statistically significant difference (P = 7.34E−29) in the measured plug growth parameters due to the various fertigation sources. We found that all fertilizer treatments produced viable plugs except for the control treatment. Of all the treatments, we concluded the half-strength organic treatment produced the mo

关键词： Controlled Environments Fertigation Lettuce Plugs Urban Agriculture

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The Comparative Performance of Soil-Based Systems with Hydroponics

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 1087-1097页

作者： Paige Ann Carroll George Paul Buss Mya Alexandria Catherine Griffith Xiusheng Yang John L. Griffis Jr. galen papkov Sarah Bauer Kathryn Jackson Ankit Kumar Singh Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Marine and Earth Sciences The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Natural Resources University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Mathematics Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering Mercer University Macon GA USA Independent Researcher Alexandria VA USA

Conventional soil-based agriculture is resource-intensive, utilizing large amounts of land and water, thereby placing a strain on Earth’s natural resources. Soil-based agricultural techniques create environmental issues such as soil degradation, deforestation, and groundwater pollution from the mass implementation of fertilizers and pesticides. Agricultural crop production using hydroponics has shown promise to be less resource intensive and provide a faster turnaround in crop production. Soilless cultivation using hydroponics promises to relieve some pressure on Earth’s ecosystems and resources by utilizing lesser land and water footprint. The APS Laboratory for Sustainable Food at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU) compared the growth of Lettuce Lactuca sativa “Rex Butterhead” crop grown using soil and soilless methods to analyze the growth performance in each setting. Crops grown in the soil-based medium were raised in the FGCU Food Forest, used a mix of soil and potting mix, watered regularly, and followed standard Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. Crops grown hydroponically were grown in a thermally insulated grow tent with an artificial lighting source, ventilation, environmental controls, and the Deep-Water Culture (DWC) method. Lettuce plugs were grown for 15 days in controlled environments until two leaves after the cotyledons had developed and were ready for transplant. Plugs were transplanted into a 4 × 6 matrix at the FGCU Food Forest and the DWC growth system. Crops were grown to full bloom and ready for harvest in the soil (60 days) and soilless (30 days) based setups. We collected crop growth data, including wet weight (g), dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2), and chlorophyll concentration (μmol/m2). From the collected data, we derived the Specific Leaf Area (SLA, cm2/g) and biomass productivity (kg/m2). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the collected and derived data. We investigated the

关键词： Controlled Environment Agriculture Hydroponics Lettuce Soilless Agriculture Urban Agriculture

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The Assessment of Growth Performance of Brassica rapa var. chinensis ‘Li Ren Choi’, Spinacia oleracea ‘Auroch’, Eruca sativa ‘Astro’, and Brassica rapa var. japonica Using GREENBOX Technology

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 1222-1237页

作者： George Paul Buss Paige Ann Carroll Mya Alexandria Catherine Griffith Xiusheng Yang John L. Griffis Jr. galen papkov Sarah Bauer Kathryn Jackson Ankit Kumar Singh Department of Marine and Earth Sciences The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Natural Resources University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Mathematics Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering Mercer University Macon GA USA Independent Researcher Alexandria VA USA

Obtaining nutritious food is becoming increasingly difficult due to the growing urban population and the degradation of soil, water, and air from mechanized and industrialized agricultural techniques. More than half the global population resides in urban areas, with not enough surrounding agricultural land to meet food requirements. Food traveling long distances, an average of 1020 miles, has resulted in increased food miles for the average food item in the United States of America, representing wasted resources. The novel GREENBOX technology was invented in response to increasing pressures on food security. Previous studies conducted on GREENBOX technology assessed the technical feasibility of utilizing Lettuce Lactuca sativa ‘Rex Butterhead’. We at the APS Laboratory for Sustainable Food at Florida Gulf Coast University assessed the technical feasibility of growing different leafy green vegetable crops. GREENBOX technology consists of thermally insulated climate-controlled enclosures, an artificial lighting source, a soilless cultivation method (hydroponics), and environmental control modules. We assembled two GREENBOX units to assess the environmental conditions and growth performance of Brassica rapa var. chinensis ‘Li Ren Choi’, Spinach Spinacia oleracea ‘Auroch’, Arugula Eruca sativa ‘Astro’, and Mizuna Brassica Brassica rapa var. japonica. Plugs were cultivated and then transplanted in a randomized manner to the nutrient film technique (NFT) channels, subsequently grown for 30 days to full bloom and ready for harvest. Fertigation was carried out using a standard concentration nutrient solution. Crops were arranged in twelve blocks of four species each. We collected environmental data including daily light integral (DLI, mol/m2∙d), temperature (˚C), relative humidity (%), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD, kPa). Collected biomass data included wet weight (g), dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2), and chlorophyll concentration (mg/cm2)

关键词： Controlled Environment Agriculture Food Insecurity GREENBOX Hydroponics Lettuce

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The Comparative Performance of Nutrient-Film Technique and Deep-Water Culture Method of Hydroponics for GREENBOX Technology

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 1108-1120页

作者： Mya Alexandria Catherine Griffith George Paul Buss Paige Ann Carroll Xiusheng Yang John L. Griffis Jr. galen papkov Sarah Bauer Kathryn Jackson Ankit Kumar Singh Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Marine and Earth Sciences The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Natural Resources University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Mathematics Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering Mercer University Macon GA USA Independent Researcher Alexandria VA USA

With the rising pressures on food security, GREENBOX technology was developed as an avenue for fresh leafy vegetable crop production in urban settings. GREENBOX units were designed to be thermally insulated and climate controlled, with an artificial lighting source that utilized soilless cultivation techniques. Previous studies conducted on GREENBOX technology used the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT);however, various hydroponic methods exist, such as the Deep-Water Culture (DWC) method being the most used. The APS Laboratory for Sustainable Food at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU) compared the crop growth performance between DWC and NFT systems using GREENBOX technology. The following study monitored environmental conditions and compared productivity and biomass data of Rex Butterhead Lettuce crops between DWC and NFT systems. We assembled two GREENBOX units using commercially available materials and the standard nutrient solution for fertigation. The crops grown in DWC and NFT were in a 4 × 6 configuration. The DWC and NFT systems were used to grow Lettuce Lactuca sativa “Rex Butterhead” over 30 days to full bloom from prepared plugs grown for 14 days. We collected environmental data including Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD, μmol/m2∙s), Daily Light Integral (DLI, mol/ m2∙d), temperature (˚C), relative humidity (%), and Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD, kPa). We collected lettuce crop growth data, which included wet weight (g), dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2), and chlorophyll concentration (μmol/m2). We derived data, including the Specific Leaf Area (SLA, cm2/g) and biomass productivity (kg/m2), from previously collected data. We used descriptive statistics to present the collected data. A paired t-test was performed to understand the differences in biomass and productivity parameters between the DWC and NFT-grown lettuce crops. Both the DWC and NFT-grown crops could grow lettuce crops to harve

关键词： Controlled Environment Agriculture Food Insecurity GREENBOX Hydroponics Lettuce

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Adding Value to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell Daren D. Redfearn Kenneth P. Vogel Terry J. Klopfenstein galen Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce E. Anderson Mary E. Drewnoski Jay Parsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. Jin USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

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Honeycomb-like MXene/NiFeP_(x)–NC with“continuous”single-crystal enabling high activity and robust durability in electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reactions

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2023年第3期12卷 553-564页

作者： Xiaojun Zeng Yifei Ye Yongqing Wang Ronghai Yu Martin Moskovits galen D.Stucky Advanced Ceramic Materials Research Institute School of Materials Science and EngineeringJingdezhen Ceramic UniversityJingdezhen 333403China School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa BarbaraCA 93106USA

The development of low-cost,stable,and robust non-noble metal catalysts for water oxidation is a pivotal challenge for sustainable hydrogen production through electrocatalytic water ***,such catalysts suffer from high overpotential and sluggish kinetics in oxygen evolution reactions(OERs).Herein,we report a“continuous”single-crystal honeycomb-like MXene/NiFeP_(x)–N-doped carbon(NC)heterostructure,in which ultrasmall NiFeP_(x)nanoparticles(NPs)encapsulated in the NC are tightly anchored on a layered ***,this MXene/NiFeP_(x)–NC delivers outstanding OER catalytic performance,which stems from“continuous”single-crystal characteristics,abundant active sites derived from the ultrasmall NiFeP_(x)NPs,and the stable honeycomb-like heterostructure with an open *** experimental results are rationalized theoretically(by density functional theory(DFT)calculations),which suggests that it is the unique MXene/NiFeP_(x)–NC heterostructure that promotes the sluggish OER,thereby enabling superior durability and excellent activity with an ultralow overpotential of 240 mV at a current density of 10 mA×cm^(−2).

关键词： layered MXene ultrasmall NiFePx nanoparticles(NPs) “continuous”single-crystal honeycomb-like heterostructure oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity

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《利用适应性工具包评估绿色基础设施在减少暴雨径流和污染负荷方面的效用一一以美国得克萨斯州加利纳帕克市为例》更正

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景观设计学（中英文） 2024年第2期12卷 85-85页

作者： Rui ZHU galen NEWMAN Sunghoon HAN James KAIHATU Tianyi WANG Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA

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Multimodal cardiovascular imaging : principles and clinical applications / Olle Pahlm, galen S. Wagner, [editors].

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2011年

作者： Olle Pahlm galen S. Wagner [editors].

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Underpad weight to estimate urine output in adult patients with urinary incontinence

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2015年第2期12卷 189-190页

作者： Benjamin T galen Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hospital Medicine Suite 2-76 1825 East-chester Road Bronx NY 10461 USA.

To the Editor Monitoring urine output remains essential to the care of adult patients admitted to the *** acute,decompensated heart failure,ongoing assessment of urine output is required to adjust diuretic dosing in keeping with current recommendations for hospitalized patients.[1] In patients with acute kidney injury,assessment of urine output is essential for diagnosis and *** diagnosis of circulatory shock is supported by renal hypoperfusion as measured by low urine output.[2] Indwelling urinary catheters are routinely used for the "strict" monitoring of urine output,which is an accepted indication.[3]

关键词：尿量患者重量估计尿失禁成人利尿剂肾损伤循环性

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Unit dual quaternion-based pose optimisation for visual runway observations

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IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics 2020年第4期2卷 181-189页

作者： galen Brambley Jonghyuk Kim The Australian National University CanberraAustralia Centre for Autonomous Systems University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia

This study addresses the pose estimation problem of an aircraft runway using visual observations in a landing approach *** authors utilised the fact that the geodetic coordinates of most runways are known precisely with highly visible ***,the runway observations can increase the level of situational awareness during the landing approach,providing additional redundancy of navigation and less reliance on global positioning system.A novel pose optimisation algorithm is proposed utilising unit dual quaternion for the runway corner observations obtained from a monocular *** estimated runway pose is further fused with an inertial navigation system in an extended Kalman *** open-source flight simulator is used to collect and process the visual and flight dataset during the landing approach,demonstrating reliable runway pose estimates and the improved inertial navigation solution.

关键词： visual visible fused

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