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Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed rat sciatic nerves reestablishes axonal continuity and reorganizes sensory terminal fields in the spinal cord

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第7期20卷 2095-2107页

作者： Emily A.Hibbard Liwen zhou Cathy z.Yang Karthik Venkudusamy Yessenia montoya Alexa Olivarez george D.Bittner Dale r.Sengelaub Program in Neuroscience Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA

Peripheral nerve injuries result in the rapid degeneration of distal nerve segments and immediate loss of motor and sensory functions;behavioral recovery is typically *** used a plasmalemmal fusogen,polyethylene glycol(PEg),to immediately fuse closely apposed open ends of severed proximal and distal axons in rat sciatic *** have previously reported that sciatic nerve axons repaired by PEg-fusion do not undergo Wallerian degeneration,and PEg-fused animals exhibit rapid(within 2–6 weeks)and extensive locomotor ***,our previous report showed that PEg-fusion of severed sciatic motor axons was non-specific,i.e.,spinal motoneurons in PEg-fused animals were found to project to appropriate as well as inappropriate target *** this study,we examined the consequences of PEg-fusion for sensory axons of the sciatic *** adult male and female rats(Sprague–Dawley)received either a unilateral single cut or ablation injury to the sciatic nerve and subsequent repair with or without(Negative Control)the application of *** action potentials recorded immediately after PEg-fusion repair confirmed conduction across the injury *** success of PEg-fusion was confirmed through Sciatic Functional Index testing with PEg-fused animals showing improvement in locomotor function beginning at 35 days *** 2–42 days postoperatively,we anterogradely labeled sensory afferents from the dorsal aspect of the hindpaw following bilateral intradermal injection of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish ***-fusion repair reestablished axonal *** to unoperated animals,labeled sensory afferents ipsilateral to the injury in PEg-fused animals were found in the appropriate area of the dorsal horn,as well as inappropriate mediolateral and rostrocaudal ***,despite having intact peripheral nerves,similar reorganizations of labeled sensory afferents were also observed contralateral to the injury and repa

关键词： axotomy dorsal horn peripheral nerve injury plasticity polyethylene glycol(PEg) sciatic nerve sensory terminals wheat germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase

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Exotic states with QQQ′Q′configuration

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第3期75卷 56-61页

作者： z Asadi g r Boroun Department of Physics Razi UniversityKermanshah 67149Iran

In the framework of a non-relativistic quark model,we have calculated the masses of the QQQ′Q′(Q=c,b,s and Q′=c,b,s)tetraquark *** the linear and quadratic confinement potentials inside a Cornell-type potential along with all possible spin and color configurations,the Schrodinger equation masses of these tetraquark states have been *** on our numerical analysis,linear confinement and quadratic confinement produce acceptable *** that use linear confinement estimate charmonium-like tetraquark mass close to experimental data,as well as bottomonium-like tetraquark mass below the threshold of their meson-meson channels.

关键词： tetraquark quark model non-relativistic charmonium-like bottomonium-like

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Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed sciatic nerves accelerates recovery of nociceptive sensory perceptions in male and female rats of different strains

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第9期20卷 2667-2681页

作者： Liwen zhou Karthik Venkudusamy Emily A.Hibbard Yessenia montoya Alexa Olivarez Cathy z.Yang Adelaide Leung Varun gokhale guhan Periyasamy zeal Pathak Dale r.Sengelaub george D.Bittner Department of Neuroscience University of TexasAustinTXUSA Program in Neuroscience Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Department of molecular Biosciences University of TexasAustinTXUSA

Successful polyethylene glycol fusion(PEg-fusion)of severed axons following peripheral nerve injuries for PEg-fused axons has been reported to:(1)rapidly restore electrophysiological continuity;(2)prevent distal Wallerian Degeneration and maintain their myelin sheaths;(3)promote primarily motor,voluntary behavioral recoveries as assessed by the Sciatic Functional Index;and,(4)rapidly produce correct and incorrect connections in many possible combinations that produce rapid and extensive recovery of functional peripheral nervous system/central nervous system connections and reflex(e.g.,toe twitch)or voluntary *** preceding companion paper describes sensory terminal field reo rganization following PEg-fusion repair of sciatic nerve transections or ablations;howeve r,sensory behavioral recovery has not been explicitly explored following PEg-fusion *** the current study,we confirmed the success of PEg-fusion surgeries according to criteria(1-3)above and more extensively investigated whether PEg-fusion enhanced mechanical nociceptive recovery following sciatic transection in male and female outbred Sprague-Dawley and inbred Lewis *** nociceptive responses were assessed by measuring withdrawal thresholds using von Frey filaments on the dorsal and midplantar regions of the *** von Frey filament tests were a more reliable method than plantar von Frey filament tests to assess mechanical nociceptive sensitivity following sciatic nerve *** withdrawal thresholds of the sciatic-mediated lateral dorsal region differed significantly across strain but not *** thresholds did not change significantly from baseline in chronic Unoperated and Sham-operated *** sciatic transection,all rats exhibited severe hyposensitivity to stimuli at the lateral dorsal region of the hindpaw ipsilateral to the ***,PEg-fused rats exhibited significantly earlier return to baseline withdrawal thresholds than Negative

关键词： autophagia axotomy collateral sprouting neuropathic pain peripheral nerve repair polyethylene glycol fusion(PEg-fusion) saphenous nerve sensory neurons sex and strain Wallerian degeneration

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Three-dimensional Numerical Study of Laminar Confined Slot Jet Impingement Cooling using Slurry of Nano—encapsulated Phase Change material

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Journal of Thermal Science 2016年第5期25卷 431-439页

作者： m.mohib Ur rehman z.g Qu r.P.Fu Key Laboratory of Thermal Fluid Science and Engineering Ministry of EductionSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University

This Article presents a three dimensional numerical model investigating thermal performance and hydrodynamics features of the confined slot jet impingement using slurry of Nano Encapsulated Phase Change material(NEPCm)as a *** slurry is composed of water as a base fluid and n-octadecane NEPCm particles with mean diameter of 100 nm suspended in it.A single phase fluid approach is employed to model the NEPCm *** thermo physical properties of the NEPCm slurry are computed using modern approaches being proposed recently and governing equations are solved with a commercial Finite Volume based *** effects of jet reynolds number varying from 100 to 600 and particle volume fraction ranging from 0% to 28% are *** computed results are validated by comparing Nusselt number values at stagnation point with the previously published results with water as working *** was found that adding NEPCm to the base fluid results with considerable amount of heat transfer *** highest values of heat transfer coefficients are observed at H/W=4 and C_m=***,due to the higher viscosity of slurry compared with the base fluid,the slurry can produce drastic increase in pressure drop of the system that increases with NEPCm particle loading and jet reynolds number.

关键词： Nano-encapsulated phase change material heat transfer enhancement confined slot jet impingement

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COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SArS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.Smith Tiffany m.zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha Charles r.Pedlar Shane C.Burgess michael P.gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis richard J.Simpson School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Department of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Department of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of medicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SArS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SArS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SArS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TCr)-βsequencing,and SArS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SArS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SArS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SArS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise immunology SArS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

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Dynamic Deformation of Frozen Soil at a High Strain rate:Experiments and Damage-Coupled Constitutive model

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Acta mechanica Solida Sinica 2021年第6期34卷 895-910页

作者： z.W.zhu W.r.Tang g.z.Kang Applied mechanics and Structural Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Mechanics and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610036China Northwest institute of Eco-Environment and resources State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China

The dynamic compressive deformation of frozen soil was investigated by conducting the split-Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)experiments at three temperatures and different high strain rates,and the dynamic stress–strain responses and failure modes of the frozen soil were *** experimental results demonstrate that the frozen soil exhibits evident dependence on the strain rate and temperature under the dynamic loading *** dynamic compressive stress–strain curve of the frozen soil was divided into three parts:the linear,nonlinear rising,and strain softening *** nonlinear rising and strain softening parts were both caused by the damage attributed to the debonding between the ice particles and soil matrix,from which a rate-dependent damage evolution equation was ***,a damage-coupled dynamic viscoelastic constitutive model of frozen soil at high strain rate was derived.A comparison between the theoretically predicted results and the experimental ones showed that the developed dynamic viscoelastic model could well describe the dynamic mechanical behavior of frozen soil at high strain rate.

关键词： Frozen soil Dynamic compression High strain rate Damage Constitutive model

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Universal function of the diffractive process in color dipole picture

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第2期45卷 111-118页

作者： z.Jalilian g.r.Boroun Department of Physics Razi UniversityKermanshah67149Iran

In this study,we obtain the universal function corresponding to the diffractive process and show that the cross section exhibits geometrical *** is observed that diffractive theory according to the color dipole approach at small-x is a convenient framework that reveals the color transparency and saturation *** also calculate the contribution of heavy quark production in the diffractive cross section at high energy that is determined by the small size dipole *** ratio of the diffractive cross section to the total cross section in electron-proton collision is the other important quantity that is computed in this work.

关键词： universal function structure function cross section color dipole model diffractive process

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Predicting the response of continuous rC deep beams under varying levels of differential settlement

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 686-700页

作者： m.z.NASEr r.A.HAWILEH glenn Department of Civil Engineering Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA Department of Civil Engineering American University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates materials Science and Engineering research Institute American University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates

This paper investigates the effect of differential support settlement on shear strength and behavior of continuous reinforced concrete(rC)deep beams.A total of twenty three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models were developed taking into account various constitutive laws for concrete material in compression(crushing)and tension(cracking),steel plasticity(i.e.,yielding and strain hardening),bond-slip at the concrete and steel reinforcement interface as well as unique behavior of spring-like support *** models are first validated by comparing numerical predictions in terms of load-deflection response,crack propagation,reaction distribution,and failure mode against that of measured experimental data reported in *** the developed models were successfully validated,a parametric study was designed and *** parametric study examined number of critical parameters such as ratio and spacing of the longitudinal and vertical reinforcement,compressive and tensile strength of concrete,as well as degree(stiffness)and location of support stiffness to induce varying levels of differential *** study also aims at presenting a numerical approach using finite element simulation,supplemented with coherent assumptions,such that engineers,practitioners,and researchers can carry out simple,but yet effective and realistic analysis of rC structural members undergoing differential settlements due to variety of load actions.

关键词： concrete continuous beams deep beams finite element modeling support settlement

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Electrical and optical measurements in the early hydrogen discharge of gLAST-Ⅲ

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Plasma Science and Technology 2017年第8期19卷 66-75页

作者： S HUSSAIN A QAYYUm.z AHmAD S AHmAD r KHAN m A NAVEED r ALI F DEEBA g m VOrOBYOV gLAST Team National Tokamak Fusion Program 3329 Islamabad Pakistan Saint-Petersburg State University 198504 Saint-Petersburg Russia

This work presents the first electrical and optical measurements of the initial phase of hydrogen discharge in the upgraded spherical tokamak gLAST-III, initiated with electron cyclotron heating（ECH）. Diagnostic measurements provide insights into expected and unexpected physics issues related to the initial phase of discharge. A triple Langmuir probe（TLP） has been developed to measure time series of the floating potential, plasma electron temperature and number density over the entire discharge, allowing monitoring of the two phases of the discharge： the ECH pre-ionization phase following by the plasma current formation phase. A TLP has the ability to give time-resolved measurements of the floating potential（V_（float））, electron temperature（T_e） and ion saturation current（I_（sat）∝n_e√kT_e）.sat e eThe evolution of the ECH-assisted pre-ionization and subsequent plasma current phases in one shot are well envisioned by the probe. Intense fluctuations in the plasma current phase advocate for efficient equilibrium and feedback control systems. moreover, the emergence of some strong impurity lines in the emission spectrum, even after only a few shots, suggests a crucial need for improvements in the base vacuum level. A noticeable change in the shape of the temporal profiles of the floating potential, electron temperature, ion saturation current（I_（sat）） and light emission has been observed with changing hydrogen fill pressure and vertical magnetic field.

关键词： floating saturation subsequent spherical heating triple unexpected impurity noticeable advocate

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microstructural refinement mechanism and its effect on toughness in the nugget zone of high-strength pipeline steel by friction stir welding

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2021年第34期93卷 221-231页

作者： r.H.Duan g.m.Xie P.Xue z.Y.ma z.A.Luo C.Wang r.D.K.misra State Key Laboratory of rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityNo.3 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110819China Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences72 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110016China School of metallurgy Northeastern UniversityNo.3 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110819China Department of metallurgical Materialsand Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at El PasoTX 79968USA

High-strength pipeline steel was subjected to friction stir welding(FSW)at rotation rates of 400-700 rpm,and the grain refinement mechanism of the nugget zone(Nz)was *** thermomechanical process during FSW in the Nz was simulated by multi-pass thermal compression,thereby achieving the austenitic non-recrystallization temperature(T_(nr)).The austenitic non-recrystallization in the Nz at the lowest rotation rate of 400 rpm caused a significant grain ***,the reduced rotation rate also resulted in the formation of a high ratio of island-like martensite-austenite(m-A)*** toughness of the Nzs was enhanced as the rotation rate decreased,which is attributed to the fine effective grains and homogeneously distributed fine m-A constituents dramatically inhibiting crack initiation and propagation.

关键词： Pipeline steel Friction stir welding grain refinement m-A constituent Toughness

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