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Changes in Tree Frog (Hyla savignyi) Coloration in Unstable Habitats at the Southern Border of Its Distribution

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2022年第1期12卷 68-75页

作者： gad degani MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute Kiryat Shmona Israel Faculty of Sciences Tel-Hai Academic College Upper Galilee Israel

This study examined the relationship between tree frog (Hyla savignyi) coloring and its different seasonal habitats at the southern border of its distribution. The results show that tree frog color is affected by the dominant colors in its habitat, which vary seasonally, especially between winter and summer. Tree frog colors were various shades of green, white, brown, and black. No genetic marker was found to characterize the color. The ability of a small frog to infer its own time with the help of color changes occurring in the habitat on the southern border of its distribution, which are relatively broad, gives this species an advantage.

关键词： Tree Frog Hyla savignyi Colors Genetic Marker Winter Summer Habitats

A Qualitative Model of the Interaction of Sexual Behavior and Hormone Gene Transcription in Male Blue Gourami during Reproduction

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2020年第4期11卷 43-50页

作者： gad degani MIGAL–Galilee Research Institute Kiryat Shmona Israel Faculty of Sciences Tel-Hai Academic College Upper Galilee Israel

In the present study, a model is suggested to describe hormone control in male blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) along the gonadotropic brain-pituitary- gonad axis (BPG axis) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic axis (HPS axis). This model is based on the cloning and transcription of genes encoding hormones of the two axes involved in spermatogenesis during blue gourami reproduction. Gene transcription is affected by environmental, biological, and behavioral factors. Mature males were examined in two different stages—nonreproductive in high-density habitats and reproductive in low-density habitats. Based on gene transcription, gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) was involved in controlling spermatogenesis (spermatogonia to spermatids) via the BPG axis in nonreproductive and reproductive stages by controlling follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) and 17β-estradiol (E2). However, GnRH3 had a larger effect during the reproductive stage via the BPG axis (spermatids to sperm) on luteinizing hormone (LH), 11KT, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17P). At the same time, the HPS axis was involved in spermatogenesi

关键词： Qualitative Model Anabantidae Hormone Gene Trichogaster Spermatogenesis Sperm GnRH 11-Ketotestosterone Gonadotropic Brain Pituitary Gonad Axis

A Model of Hormonal and Environmental Involvement in Growth and Sex Differentiation in European Eel (Anguilla Anguilla)

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2016年第4期6卷 141-145页

作者： gad degani Galilee Technological Center School of Science and Technology Tel-Hai Academic College Upper Galilee Israel

Growth in vertebrates is a complex interaction involving the development of cells, tissues and organs. Hormones regulating growth during maturation are involved mainly in the interaction between the somatic axis and the reproduction of brain-pituitary axes. Based on the results of hormone and gene transcriptions, the secretion and treatment controlling both the somatic axis and the gonadotropic axis were affected, directly or indirectly, by the environment parameter through hormones that were studied in my laboratory. A model was proposed for sex differentiation and gonadal development correlating to the growth of European eel (Anguilla anguilla). A high growth variation is affected by the environment. At a low density of eels, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) affected the secretion follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) in the pituitary, steroidogenesis and aromatase (CYP19) synthesis, and the 17β-estradiol (E2) from 11-ketotestosterone (Kt-11) causing ovary development. The ovary secretion E2 affecting the ade-nylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), growth hormone (GH) and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) stimulated rapid growth in females. On the other hand, a high density of eels caused the pituitary gland to secrete FSH at a lower level, and CYP19 was not synthesized in the gonads. The secretion of Kt-11 affected differentiation to testis, which inhibits the somatic axis in reducing growth rate.

关键词： Hormones Environmental Sex Differentiation Anguilla anguilla

Cannibalism, among Other Solutions of Adaption, in Habitats Where Food Is Not Available for Salamandra infraimmaculata Larvae Diet in Breeding Places in Xeric Habitats

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2016年第1期6卷 31-41页

作者： gad degani MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center Kiryat Shmona Israel School of Science and Technology Tel Hai Academic College Upper Galilee Israel

The present study examines the inherent flexibility in the feeding responses of S. infraimmaculata larvae to various breeding places. In addition, the study examines the hypothesis that in dry conditions, the water breeding places are the limiting factor for the survival and completion of the life cycle of populations of S. infraimmaculata. In the breeding sites, the food for larvae is not available, and cannibalism is the specific adaptation for larvae to grow and complete metamorphosis. S. infraimmaculata larvae feed on various invertebrates in different habitats, and cannibalism involves the adaptation to breeding places where food is not available. The growth only by cannibalism as the only way to adapt to these habitats because no food is found in breeding places at the southern border of its distribution is described here for the first time, not only in salamanders but in other animals as well.

关键词： Cannibalism Habitats Salamandra

Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) Acclimatization to Optimal Growth Conditions—A Case Study of Adaptation, Nutrition, Reproduction, and Sex Determination

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2022年第4期12卷 629-661页

作者： gad degani MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute Kiryat Shmona Israel Tel-Hai College Upper Galilee Israel

The development of new agricultural industries is an important challenge for a region’s economic establishment. The connection between a research department at MIGAL Institute and biotechnology in aquaculture is an example (case study) of the interrelationships that also exist in other departments. This article describes the research conducted by the institute supporting the development of the aquaculture industry in Israel through the introduction of a relatively new fish species—the Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), with the relevant information to be used for acclimatization to aquaculture conditions in northern Israel. Many aspects related to bringing a new species to Israel and working with this new industry to study its adaptation to existing conditions in the north of the country influenced the economic success of this new type of precision agriculture. This article describes the research on various aspects affecting the successful acclimatization of Russian sturgeon in northern Israel: introduction, food development, reproduction, hormone systems that control reproduction and growth, gonadal development, and molecular markers for sex determination, differentiation, and economic assessment of caviar production.

关键词： Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) Food Reproduction Hormones Growth Molecular Markers Sex Determination

Ecological, Biological and Genetic Adaptation to Xeric Habitats of Salamandra infraimmaculataon the Southern Border of Its Distribution

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2017年第1期7卷 70-92页

作者： gad degani Faculty of Science and Technology Tel-Hai Academic College Kiryat Shmona Israel MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center Kiryat Shmona Israel

In the present mini-review, published and unpublished data that have been collected for more than 40 years on the adaption of Salamandra infraimmaculata to semi-arid environments on the southern border of its distribution are presented. The contribution of the present paper is in building a model based on comparing moist habitats with predictable and relatively constant conditions to semi-arid habitats with relatively dry conditions. Based on these parameters, the model suggests adaptation to semi-arid habitats. More specifically, this model is based on the morphology, biology, behavior, life cycle and physiology of S. infraimmaculata adaptation. By considering these many parameters, one hypothesis was raised and was supported. The adaptation to and selection of semi-arid habitats depend mainly on the terrestrial phase and very little on the aquatic phases. In all of the semi-arid habitats, there are various breeding places where the larvae can grow and complete metamorphosis. The molecular genetic variation among the various areas supports our hypothesis, and the difference in the moist habitats is greater than in the semi-arid environments.

关键词： Adaptation Distribution Genetic Life Cycle Salamandra infraimmaculata

Expression of SOX3 and SOX9 Genes in Gonads of Blue Gourami

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2014年第5期4卷 322-330页

作者： gad degani Faculty of Science and Technology Tel-Hai Academic College Kiryat Shmona Israel

In vertebrates, SOX (SRY-related HMG box) genes are thought to be due to major gene duplication events, initially occurring during early stages of metazoan evolution and later during the transition between non-vertebrate chordates and vertebrates. The aim of this study is to examine SOX3 and SOX9 transcription in oogensis and spermatogenesis in a fish model, the blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus). In females during oogenesis, SOX9 mRNA levels were lower compared to SOX3 mRNA levels. In males, SOX9 mRNA levels were higher in testes compared to SOX3 mRNA levels, however no significant differences between SOX3 and SOX9 mRNA levels were observed in the gonads of males that were kept under non-reproductive conditions compared to males kept with females under reproductive conditions and that were nest-builders.

关键词： SOX3 SOX9 mRNA and Blue Gourami

DNA Variation of Capoetadamascina(Valenciennes, 1842) in Three Rivers in Northern Israel

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2014年第3期5卷 107-117页

作者： gad degani School of Science and Technology Tel-Hai Academic College Upper Galilee Israel MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center Kiryat Shmona Israel

The present study is in agreement with the hypothesis that the variation of ecological conditions in three rivers in northern Israel—the Dan, Hasbani and Hermon Rivers—affects the genetic variations of the species Capoeta damascina. Using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), cytochrome b gene (Cytb), 16S and nuclear DNA (nDNA), and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), four different clusters were found in the Cytb of the Hasbani and Hermon Rivers and only two in the Dan River. Moreover, the clusters in the Hasbani River differed from those found in the Hermon River. A similar result was found when an analysis was made of a different sequence from five different haplotype frequencies using the MegAlign program, the lowest being in the Dan River (only two haplotypes) and the highest in the Hasbani River (four haplotypes). The analysis of molecular variance of Cytb and 16S (AMOVA) for individuals of C. damascina from eight populations in northern Israel showed significant differences between the rivers and the populations. The analysis by mitochondrial 16S of haplotype frequencies of C. damascina populations in the rivers in northern Israel was very low compared to Ctb. Sixteen different haplotypes were found in the different rivers: eight in the Hasbani River, seven in the Dan River and only five in the Hermon River.

关键词： 16S Capoeta damascina Cytochrome b Gene (Cytb) Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Nuclear DNA (nDNA) Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

Somatolactin Transcription during Oogenesis in Female Blue Gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus)

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2015年第7期5卷 279-285页

作者： gad degani School of Science and Technology Tel-Hai Academic College Tel Hai Israel MIGAL—Galilee Technology Center Kiryat Shmona Israel

Somatolactin (SL), a specific pituitary hormone belonging to the prolactin (PRL) super family, is involved in background adaptation, osmoregulation, reproduction and fatty acid metabolism. The goal of this study was to examine the gene transcription of SL changes in the ovary of blue gourami females (Trichogaster trichopterus) during oogenesis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR). Somatolactin in the pituitary was higher in females at low vitellogenesis compared to females with oocytes in maturation, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in mRNA levels between low and high vitellogenesis, and high vitellogenesis and maturation. The findings of this and previous studies demonstrate that SL, growth hormone (GH) and PRL are involved in oogenesis in blue gourami;however, considerably more studies are required in order to separate the functions of these hormones.

关键词： Female Blue Gourami Oogenesis RNA Somatolactin