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The Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity and related Comorbidities among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Patients Attending the Same Clinics in Gaborone, Botswana

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 523-540页

作者： Jose gaby Tshikuka Matshwenyego Boitshwarelo Shimeles Genna Hamda roy Tapera Ngoyi Kashiba Zacharie Bukonda Marie Esako Onokoko Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana Department of Nursing Science Faculty of Health Sciences National Pedagogical University Kinshasa I Congo Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Mbuji-Mayi Mbuji-Mayi Congo School of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Context: Antiretroviral therapy (ArT) helps restore the health status of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Likewise, it increases the risk of overweight/obesity and related comorbidities among the recipients. In countries like Botswana where ±84% of PLHIV is on ArT, the paucity of data comparing overweight/obesity between HIV-positive on ArT and HIV-negative patients may impede clinical and policy decision-making. This study sought to estimate and compare: i) the prevalence of overweight/obesity between HIV-positive on ArT and HIV-negative patients;ii) the prevalence of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM)/coronary heart disease (CHD) between HIV-positive patients on ArT and HIV-negative patients attending same outpatient departments of general clinics in Gaborone, Botswana. Patients and Methods: Five hundred eighty-one (581) outpatients were recruited in four major clinics of Gaborone, Botswana, between June and July 2019;294 or 51% of them were HIV-negative and 287 or 49% were HIV-positive on ArT. The prevalence of overweight/obesity and of HTN and DM/CHD were calculated and examined using stratified analysis. Subgroups were compared using Chi-square analysis with Yates correction or Fisher exact test and t-student test for continuous data. results: Major findings after stratification of the study population by HIV status were: i) the prevalence of all categories of (BMI), including overweight/obesity, were comparable between HIV-negative-patients and HIV-positive. In fact, there were 24 (8.0%) cases of underweight among HIV-negative-Patients and 15(5%) cases among HIV-positive patients, p = 0.2;145 (49%) HIV-negative-patients and 128 (45%) HIV-positive, p = 0.07 cases of normal weight;72 (25%) HIV-negative-patients and 87 (30%) HIV-positive, p = 0.08, were overweight;53 (18%) HIV-negative-patients and 57 (20%) HIV-positive, p = 0.12, were obese;125 (43%) HIV-negative patients and 144 (50%) HIV-positive, p=0.06 were overweight/obese;ii) the prevalence of HTN a

关键词： Overweight/Obesity related Comorbidities HIV-Positive HIV-Negative

A Conditional Generative adversarial Network for energy use in multiple buildings using scarce data

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2021年第3期5卷 119-132页

作者： gaby Baasch Guillaume rousseau ralph Evins Energy and Cities Group Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of VictoriaCanada

Building consumption data is integral to numerous applications including retrofit analysis,Smart Grid integration and optimization,and load ***,due to technical limitations,privacy concerns and the proprietary nature of the industry,usable data is often unavailable for research and *** adversarial networks(GANs)-which generate synthetic instances that resemble those from an original training dataset-have been proposed to help address this *** studies use GANs to generate building sequence data,but the models are not typically designed for time series problems,they often require relatively large amounts of input data(at least 20,000 sequences)and it is unclear whether they correctly capture the temporal behaviour of the *** this work we implement a conditional temporal GAN that addresses these issues,and we show that it exhibits state-of-the-art performance on small datasets.22 different experiments that vary according to their data inputs are benchmarked using Jensen-Shannon divergence(JSD)and predictive forecasting validation *** these,the best performing is also evaluated using a curated set of metrics that extends those of previous work to include PCA,deep-learning based forecasting and measurements of trend and *** case studies are included:one for residential and one for commercial *** model achieves a JSD of 0.012 on the former data and 0.037 on the latter,using only 396 and 156 original load sequences,respectively.

关键词： Generative adversarial network Building load profile Machine learning Data scarcity

Synthesis of Water-soluble, Polyester-based Dendrimer Prodrugs for Exploiting Therapeutic Properties of Two Triterpenoid Acids

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2018年第9期36卷 999-999,1000-1010页

作者： Silvana Alfei gaby Brice Taptue Silvia Catena Angela Bisio Dipartimento di Farmacia Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche e Alimentari Università di Genova

Dendrimers are macromolecules characterized by high controlled size, shape and architecture, presence of inner cavities able to accommodate small molecules and many peripheral functional groups to bind target entities. They are of eminent interest for biomedical applications, including gene transfection, tissue engineering, imaging, and drug delivery. The well-known pharmacological activities of ursolic and oleanolic acids are limited by their small water solubility, non-specific cell distribution, low bioavailability, poor pharmacokinetics, and their direct administration could result in the release of thrombi. To overcome such problems, in this paper we described their physical incorporation inside amino acids-modified polyester-based dendrimers which made them highly water-soluble. Ir, NMr, zeta potential, mean size of particles, buffer capacity and drug release profiles of prepared materials were reported. The achieved water-soluble complexes harmonize a polycationic character and a buffer capacity which presuppose efficient cell penetration and increased residence time with a biodegradable cell respectful scaffold, thus appearing as a promising team of not toxic prodrugs for safe administration of ursolic and oleanolic acids.

关键词： Polyester-based amino acids-modified dendrimers Physical encapsulation Water-soluble dendriplexes Buffer capacity NMr investigations

Janus:Toward preventing counterfeits in supply chains utilizing a multi-quorum blockchain

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Blockchain(research and Applications) 2023年第4期4卷 75-85页

作者： Vika Crossland Connor Dellwo Golam Bashar gaby G.Dagher Computer Science Central Washington UniversityWA 98926United States Computer Science Washington State UniversityWA 99163United States Computer Science Boise State UniversityID 83725United States

The modern pharmaceutical supply chain lacks transparency and traceability,resulting in alarming rates of counterfeit products entering the *** illegitimate products cause harm to end users and wreak havoc on the supply chain itself,costing billions of dollars in profit *** this paper,in response to the Drug Supply Chain Security Act(DSCSA),we introduce Janus,a novel pharmaceutical track-and-trace system that utilizes blockchain and cloning-resistant hologram tags to prevent counterfeits from entering the pharmaceutical supply *** design a multi-quorum consensus protocol that achieves load balancing across the *** perform a security analysis to show robustness against various threats and *** implementation of Janus proves that the system is fair,scalable,and resilient.

关键词： Blockchain Pharmaceutical supply chain Consensus protocol

Bioavailability and Solubility of Different Calcium-Salts as a Basis for Calcium Enrichment of Beverages

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2010年第2期1卷 53-58页

作者： gaby Kressel 不详

Background: When usual calcium consumption patterns were analysed most people in the U.S. and Europe consume less than the recommended daily allowance. Supplements and fortified foods offer alternative and additional sources of calcium to traditional food. Calcium carbonate is the most common supplement but it is less soluble in water and, therefore, not suitable for enrichment of beverages. New organic calcium salts have a better solubility but less is known about their bioavailability. In the present study, we assessed the solubility and bioavailability of the new organic calcium salts, calcium lactate citrate and calcium lactate malate, in comparison to the traditional supplements, calcium carbonate and calcium gluconate. Design: randomized, single-blind, four way cross-over study comparing single doses of 500 mg calcium in the form of four different calcium-salts. Subjects were advised to consume 25 μg vitamin D3 daily two weeks prior to the start of the study and during the whole study period. Subjects: 20 healthy young men, Methods: Blood samples were drawn immediately before and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after ingestion of the calcium preparation. Concentration of total calcium and intact parathyroid hormone were measured in the serum. Urine was collected at baseline and during the intervals 0-3, 3-6, 9-15 and 15-24 h and excretion of calcium, sodium and creatinine was examined. results: The tested new salts were easily water soluble, significantly better than calcium gluconate. Calcium carbonate is almost insoluble. The bioavailability of the four different calcium salts was found to be almost identical. The maximum total serum calcium increased by 7.6 % two hours after ingestion calcium lactate citrate, by 7.4 % after calcium lactate malate, by 5.5 % after calcium carbonate, and by 5.8 % after calcium gluconate. Intact parathyroid hormone concentration showed the expected depression for calcium lactate citrate, calcium lactate malate and calcium carbonate, wh

关键词： Calcium Salt Bioavailability Solubility Enrichment of Beverages

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of novel 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine and pyrimido[1,2-α]pyrimidine derivatives

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第6期26卷 690-694页

作者： Mohamed S.A.El-gaby Jehan A.Micky Nadia M.Saleh Yousry A.Ammar Heba S.A.Mohamed Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar University at Assiut Chemistry Department Faculty of Science (Girl’s)Al-Azhar University Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar University Photochemistry Department National Research CenterEl-DokkiGizaEgypt

2-Aminocyclopenta[d]pyrimidines 3a-c were achieved via a one-pot, three-component reactions of cyclopentanone 1, aromatic aldehyde and guanidine hydrochloride （1：2：1 molar ratio）. Also, cyclization of 2,5-bis-（arylmethylidene）cyclopentanones 2 with guanidine hydrochloride （1：1 molar ratio） in methanol in the presence of sodium methoxide afforded cyclopenta-[d]pyrimidines 3. Compound 3c has been shown to be a useful building block for the synthesis of some novel pyrimido[ 1,2-a]pyrimidines 5, 7 and 12. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of analytical and spectral data,

关键词： Multicomponent reaction Cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine Pyrimido[1 2-a]pyrimidine Cyclopentanone

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells differentially expressing Nogo-A but not MAG are more permissive to neurite outgrowth than mature oligodendrocytes

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Oligodendrocyte precursor cells differentially expressing No...

Dystocia in Cattle: Prospective Analysis in Daily Veterinary Practice (N = 573 Parturitions)

中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第七届全国学术会议

作者： gaby U.ENZMANN Scott r.WHITTEMOrE Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury research Center Departments of Neurological Surgery and Anatomical Sciences and NeurobiologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY 40292USA

Objective To determine whether oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs) are appropriate for axonal regeneration and whether the ability of OPCs in promoting axonal regeneration is a result of lack of expression of myelin inhibitors (Nogo-A,MAG) during their early *** To examine this possibility,we first established an in vitro model of oligodendrocyte differentiation in which A2B5-expressing OPCs were obtained from embryonic day(E) 15 rats and stimulated to differentiate into pre-(O4),immature(O1,rIP) and mature oligodendrocytes(MBP) in the presence of *** next examined the expression of Nogo-A and MAG at different stages of oligodendrogliogenesis by immunofluorescence double labeling(IF) and western blot(WB).We lastly examined the effects of OPCs and oligodendrocytes on neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion(DrG) in *** IF and WB showed that Nogo-A was consistently expressed at all oligodendrocyte differentiation *** contrast,MAG was not expressed in the OPC stage but was expressed at the later developmental stages of the *** OPCs-DrG explants coculture,many DrG neurites penetrated through the border of OPC monolayer,elongated as fasciculated fiber tracts for a considerable distance,and contacted on the surface of *** contrast,in oligodendrocytes-DrG explants coculture,significantly less neurite outgrowth and neurite-cell contact were *** fact,a space was found separating the growing neurite fascicles and the cultured *** The difference in temporal patterns of Nogo-A and MAG expression may result in a more permissive environment for neurite outgrowth in vitro and axonal regeneration in vivo.

关键词： olygodendrocyte precursor cell(OPC) Nogo-A MAG dorsal root ganglion(DrG)

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2018年第12期8卷 241-249页

作者： Chantal Bühler Jürg Hüsler gaby Hirsbrunner Tierarztpraxis Unternä hrer Langenthal Switzerland Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science University of Bern Bern Switzerland Clinic for ruminants Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland

Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to collect cases of dystocia in 4 rural veterinary practices in Switzerland over 12 months, focusing on calf vitality. Methods: During 12 months, data of 573 assisted parturitions were collected. The age of the cows involved ranged from 2 to 17 years (median 5.2 yr) with a median gestation length of 288 days. results: Overall, 651 calves were born (61.2% male). 481 were single and 85 were twin births. For 7 calves, no data were available. As to calf vitality: 66.1% of the calves were alive, 25.4% dead, 5.1% weak and 3.4% died during the assisted parturition process. The percentage of dead calves was higher in twins (43.5%) than in singletons (18.9%). The vitality was influenced by gestation length, parity and the time elapsed since the rupture of the amniotic sac. In this study, calf vitality was neither influenced by sex of the calf nor breed of the parents. A uterine torsion was found in 31.8% of the cases with the direction of the rotation anti-clockwise in 94%. Twins were twice as often in posterior presentation as single-born calves (31.4% versus 15.6%). Conclusion: Calf vitality was influenced by parity, gestation length and time from amniotic sac rupture to veterinary intervention.

关键词： Cattle Dystocia Veterinary Practice Obstetrics Calf Vitality

retrospective Surveillance over 11 Years for Intussusception in Children Younger than 14 Years in the State of Qatar

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第1期4卷 1-11页

作者： Tariq O. Abbas Noora AlShahwani gaby jabbo.r Mansour Ali Department of Pediatric Surgery Hamad General Hospital Doha Qatar

Background: Accurate estimates of the baseline incidence of childhood intussusception could help safety monitoring after introduction of rotavirus vaccines. Therefore, we studied the incidence of intussusception in the state ofQatar. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases of intussusception in children younger than 14 years. Children were treated between 2002 and 2012 at a single hospital inQatar. We analyzed information according to age, sex, clinical signs, diagnostic- and treatment-related characteristics, and length of stay. We calculated the national incidence of intussusception using census data. results: A total of 106 children were diagnosed and treated for intussusception over 11 years. The male to female ratio of intussusception was 1.4:1. The most common symptom was bleeding per rectum (37%). One hundred andfour children with intussusception underwent diagnostic and therapeutic contrast enema, and 31.7% of patients underwent operative management. The length of stay was longer in patients who underwent operative reduction thanthat in those who did not. Conclusions: This is the first study to estimate the incidence of childhood intussusception prior to introduction of rotavirus vaccination in Qatar. A prospective surveillance system using a standardized case definition would be useful for examining the occurrence of intussusception in theArabicGulfarea and developing countries.

关键词： Children Intussusception Surgical reduction Therapeutic Contrast Enema