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Neural stem cell heterogeneity through time and space in the ventricular-subventricular zone

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Frontiers in Biology 2016年第4期11卷 261-284页

作者： gabrielle Rushing Rebecca A. Ihrie Program in Neuroscience Vanderbilt University Nashville TAr 37232 USA Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurological surgery Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37232 USA

BACKGROUND： The origin and classification of neural stem cells （NsCs） has been a subject of intense investigation for the past two decades. Efforts to categorize NsCs based on their location, function and expression have established that these cells are a heterogeneous pool in both the embryonic and adult brain. The discovery and additional characterization of adult NsCs has introduced the possibility of using these cells as a source for neuronal and glial replacement following injury or disease. To understand how one could manipulate NsC developmental programs for therapeutic use, additional work is needed to elucidate how NsCs are programmed and how signals during development are interpreted to determine cell fate. OBJECTIVE： This review describes the identification, classification and characterization of NsCs within the large neurogenic niche of the ventricular-subventricular zone （V-sVZ）. METHODs： A literature search was conducted using Pubmed including the keywords ＂ventricular-subventricular zone,＂＂neural stem cell,＂＂heterogeneity,＂＂identity＂ and/or ＂single cell＂ to find relevant manuscripts to include within the review. A special focus was placed on more recent findings using single-cell level analyses on neural stem cells within their niche（s）. REsULTs： This review discusses over 20 research articles detailing findings on V-sVZ NsC heterogeneity, over 25 articles describing fate determinants of NsCs, and focuses on 8 recent publications using distinct single-cell analyses of neural stem cells including fl0w cytometry and RNA-seq. Additionally, over 60 manuscripts highlighting the markers expressed on cells within the NsC lineage are included in a chart divided by cell type. CONCLUsIONs： Investigation of NsC heterogeneity and fate decisions is ongoing. Thus far, much research has been conducted in mice however, findings in human and other mammalian species are also discussed here. Implications of NsC heterogeneity established in the embryo for the properti

关键词： ventricular-subventricular zone neural stem cells positional identity single-cell heterogeneity

A computational framework for improving genetic variants identification from 5,061 sheep sequencing data

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2023年第6期14卷 2332-2344页

作者： shangqian Xie Karissa Isaacs gabrielle Becker Brenda M.Murdoch Department of Animal Veterinary&Food SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIDUSA superior Farms CaliforniaUSA

Background Pan-genomics is a recently emerging strategy that can be utilized to provide a more comprehensive characterization of genetic *** calling is routinely used to combine identified variants across multiple related ***,the improvement of variants identification using the mutual support information from mul-tiple samples remains quite limited for population-scale *** In this study,we developed a computational framework for joint calling genetic variants from 5,061 sheep by incorporating the sequencing error and optimizing mutual support information from multiple samples’*** variants were accurately identified from multiple samples by using four steps:(1)Probabilities of variants from two widely used algorithms,GATK and Freebayes,were calculated by Poisson model incorporating base sequencing error potential;(2)The variants with high mapping quality or consistently identified from at least two samples by GATK and Freebayes were used to construct the raw high-confidence identification(rHID)variants database;(3)The high confidence variants identified in single sample were ordered by probability value and controlled by false discovery rate(FDR)using rHID database;(4)To avoid the elimination of potentially true variants from rHID database,the vari-ants that failed FDR were reexamined to rescued potential true variants and ensured high accurate identification *** results indicated that the percent of concordant sNPs and Indels from Freebayes and GATK after our new method were significantly improved 12%-32%compared with raw variants and advantageously found low frequency variants of individual sheep involved several traits including nipples number(GPC5),scrapie pathology(PAPss2),sea-sonal reproduction and litter size(GRM1),coat color(RAB27A),and lentivirus susceptibility(TMEM154).Conclusion The new method used the computational strategy to reduce the number of false positives,and simulta-neously improve the identifi

关键词： Computational framework Genetic variants Multiple samples sheep

The Continuum of Grief. From scandinavian Mythology to Zen Buddhism： Janet Frame＇s Intertextual strategies in snowman, snowman

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sino-Us English Teaching 2012年第10期9卷 1627-1636页

作者： Cindy gabrielle University of Liege Liege Belgium

In the wake of Richards Benton＇s ＂Keats and Zen＂（published in Philosophy East and West （1966））, this paper sets out to examine Janet Frame＇s appropriation of Buddhist philosophy in snowman, snowman （1962）. The novella＇s allusions to a Buddhist-like epistemology, together with its subtle references to scandinavian myths, however, have so far remained uncovered and are therefore best approached in the light of what has been called ＂the suppressed intertextuality in post-colonial writing＂. The author＇s intention in this paper is twofold： On the one hand, the author will suggest that post-colonial writers do not necessarily write against the Western canon and that maintaining the contrary amounts to vindicating the centrality of imperial texts in the contemporary literary scene--an endeavour which is hardly post-colonial. On the other hand, the author will go some way towards shifting eastward the core of Frame＇s ontology by suggesting that her poetics is anchored not only in Western thinking, but also, perhaps more importantly so, in Eastern philosophy. The author＇s primary impulse, however, in examining the interplay between canonical and peripheral intertextualities, is to illuminate in fundamental fashion the haunting beauty of the writer＇s universe and the lyricism of snowman, snowman.

关键词： Janet Frame novella snowman snowman Buddhism intertextuality post-colonialism scandinavianmythology

Disney World’s Joe Potter

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2021年第9期 14-15,41页

作者： gabrielle Russon 不详

“If you ask anybody that goes to Walt Disney World,‘Who is Joe Potter?’...They won’t know much about him,”said Disney author and historian Christopher Lucas.“Without him,there’d be no Disney World.”

关键词： Joe Disney Lucas

Designing a Drought Monitoring system for Caribbean sIDs

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第2期11卷 69-89页

作者： Kyle Alexander gabrielle Thongs Innovative surveying and Mapping Ltd. Port of Spain Trinidad Department of Geography The UWI St. Augustine Trinidad

There are limited drought studies for the Caribbean. This is concerning since drought is not only one of the most devastating disasters in the region, but it is also one of the least understood disasters. Very few papers analyze new ways to identify and monitor this disaster. Another major arguable gap in research is the Caribbean’s sole focus on the meteorological drought and disregard of the agricultural drought. This is an important omission because of the significant negative impacts drought has on the Caribbean occurs in the agricultural and forestry sectors. Not considering this in drought monitoring systems in the Caribbean means that a major part of the phenomena is overlooked. Therefore, this study has focused on bridging this gap. It has sought to establish a system to strengthen drought’s early warning. To accomplish this, three predetermined conditions of drought, precipitation, land surface temperature and vegetation conditions were used to derive the standard Precipitation Index (sPI), the Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), in order to analyze drought conditions. The drought vulnerability map found that the sPI, TCI and VCI all correlated with past drought events. The study also produced an agricultural drought map. This study, therefore, aims to build resilience by providing accurate information on the duration, intensity and spatial variability of droughts in Caribbean small Island Developing states (sIDs).

关键词： Drought Climate Change Caribbean sIDs GIs sPI

Let the light be a guide:Chromophore communication in metalorganic frameworks

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Nano Research 2021年第2期14卷 338-354页

作者： Corey R.Martin Preecha Kittikhunnatham gabrielle A.Leith Anna A.Berseneva Kyoung Chul Park Andrew B.Greytak Natalia B.shustova Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbia631 Sumter SteetSouth Carolina 29208USA

The photonic characteristics of chromophore-containing metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have led to extensive photophysical studies in an effort to capitalize on the potency of precisely controlled chromophore *** examples have laid the foundation that demonstrates how photophysical properties of chromophores can be manipulated by tuning their communications(interactions)through integration within a MOF *** main focus of this review is on harnessing the versatile MOF platform to accentuate the photophysical properties of integrated *** particular,this review will highlight chromophore dynamics that enhance,alter,or tune the photoluminescence response of single-and multi-chromophore-containing scaffolds,as well as alignment-guided anisotropic *** upon this groundwork,utilization of a hybrid crystalline motif can induce preferential orientation of chromophores resulting in enhanced communication and tailored behavior compared to randomly oriented emissive ***,frameworks that produce upconverted emission via sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation(sTTA),excited-state absorption(EsA),energy transfer upconversion(ETU),multi-photon absorption(MPA),or second-harmonic generation(sHG)can invoke dynamic control of material properties using photochromic linkers and will be discussed herein with a focus on the effects of chromophore *** within a framework is a vehicle tofuse chromophores into solid-state platforms,opening an avenue for chromophore utilization in applications such as portable electronics that require solids or thin *** those reasons,the design of chromophore-containing MOFs with desirable properties that rely on the alignment and communication of hundreds of chromophores within a single platform is a pressing demand for the development of futuristic technologies.

关键词： chrom ophores photophysics photon upconversion photochromism anisotropic photolum inescence optoelectronics

Microstructural Damage Evaluation of High Alumina Castables with Addition of Different Dimensions of Functional Aggregates After several Thermal shock Cycles

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China's Refractories 2015年第1期24卷 26-31页

作者： Jonas sCHNIEDER Nicolas TRAON Rainer TELLE Thorsten TONNEsEN gabrielle HAETTY Pierre sEIGNOL RWTH Aachen University Institute of Mineral Engineering ENsCI Limoges Cedex 87068France

Refractory materials are subjected to mechanical and chemical loads during application,which respectively lead to fracture and corrosion. The understanding of the mechanical fracture and the microstructural modification after progressive thermal shocks is necessary for the suitable design of high performance refractory *** fracture process zone can be divided into two areas,where different toughening mechanisms are likely to take place： the crack tip and the following process region called wake region. In this study,the emphasis is laid on the microstructural mechanisms occurring in the wake region of the crack and the crack tip. Therefore,functional aggregates,namely fused eutectic aggregates of Al2O3- ZrO 2- siO 2and Al2O3- ZrO 2,and andalusite,are added to a model high alumina castable formulation based on tabular alumina. The discrepancy in thermal behavior between aggregates and matrix as well as phase transformation such as mullite formation favor further the nucleation of microcracks that reduce the stress field at the level of the crack tip. Two different grain fractions of tabular alumina（ 0. 2- 0. 6 mm or2. 24- 3. 00 mm） are substituted by these functional aggregates. After sintering at 1 500 ℃ for 6 h,the samplesare quenched up to 10 times in air without pressure from950 ℃ to room temperature. The resulting elastic properties are examined after each thermal shock cycle,as well as the residual bending strength after 0,1,3,5,7and 10 thermal shocks. These results are correlated with scanning Electron Microscopy analyses after the different thermal shock cycles.

关键词： functional aggregates thermal shock resistance microcracks

A comparison of animal color measurements using a commercially available digital color sensor and photograph analysis

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 601-606页

作者： Alex D.Potash Daniel U.Greene gabrielle A.Foursa Verity L.Mathis L.Mike Conner Robert A.McCleery Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural ScienceGainesvilleFL 32611USA Weyerhaeuser Company Environmental Research SouthColumbusMS 39701USA Department of Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Florida Museum of Natural History University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA The Jones Center at Ichauway NewtonGA 39870USA

An animal's pelage,feather,or skin color can serve a variety of functions,so it is important to have multiple standardized methods for measuring *** of the most common and reliable methods for measuring animal coloration is the use of standardized digital photographs of *** tech no logy in the form of a commercially available handheld digital color sensor could provide an alter native to photography-based animal color *** determine whether a digital color sensor could be used to measure animal coloration,we tested the ability of a digital color sensor to measure coloration of mammalian,avian,and lepidopteran museums *** compared results from the sensor to measurements taken using traditional photography *** study yielded significant differences between photography-based and digital color sensor measurements of brightness(light to dark)and colors along the green to red *** was no difference between photographs and the digital color sensor measurements for colors along the blue to yellow *** average difference in recorded color(AE)by the 2 methods was above the threshold at which humans can perceive a *** were sign讦icant correlations between the sensor and photographs for all measurements indicating that the sensor is an effective animal coloration measuring ***,the sensor's small aperture and narrow light spectrum range designed for human-vision limit its value for ecological *** discuss the conditions in which a digital color sensor can be an effective tool for measuring animal coloration in both laboratory settings and in the field.

关键词： animal coloration color measurement comparative method digital photography museum specimens Nix color sensor

Rainfall erosivity and erosivity density through rainfall synthetic series for sao Paulo state,Brazil:Assessment,regionalization and modeling

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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第3期10卷 355-370页

作者： David Bruno de sousa Teixeira Roberto Avelino Cecílio Joao Paulo Bestete de Oliveira Laura Thebit de Almeida gabrielle Ferreira Pires Department of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of ViçosaViçosaMG36570-900Brazil Department of Forest and Wood sciences Federal University of Espírito SantoJer^onimo MonteiroES29550-000Brazil Federal Institute of Espírito santo Campus AlegreAlegreES29520-000Brazil

Rainfall is the main cause of erosion of Brazilian soils,which makes assessing the rainfall erosivity factor(RE)and the erosivity density(ED)fundamental for soil and water ***,the objectives of this study were:i)to estimate the RE and ED for sao Paulo state,Brazil,using synthetic series of pluviographic data;ii)to define homogeneous regions regarding rainfall erosivity;and iii)to generate regression models for rainfall erosivity estimates in each of the homogeneous *** series of pluviographic data were initially obtained on a sub-daily scale from the daily rainfall records of 696 rainfall *** RE values were then estimated from the synthetic rainfall data,and ED was calculated from the relationship between erosivity and rainfall *** and annual maps for RE and ED were *** clustering analysis was used to define homogeneous regions in terms of rainfall erosivity,and regionalized regression models for estimating RE were *** results demonstrate high spatial variability of RE in sao Paulo,where the highest annual values were observed in the coastal *** to March concentrate approximately 60%of the intra-annual *** highest values of annual ED were observed in regions with intense agricultural *** definition of five homogeneous regions concerning the rainfall erosive potential evidenced distinct seasonal patterns of the spatial distribution of ***,the high predictive accuracy of the regionalized models obtained characterizes them as essential tools for reliable estimates of rainfall erosivity,and contribute to better soil conservation planning.

关键词： soil erosion stochastic weather generator Homogeneous regions Modified Fournier index Regression models