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A probabilistic model to evaluate the effectiveness of main solutions to COVID-19 spreading in university buildings according to proximity and time-based consolidated criteria

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Building Simulation 2021年第6期14卷 1795-1809页

作者： Marco D'Orazio gabriele bernardini Enrico Quagliarini Department of Construction Civil Engineering and ArchitectureUniversita Politecnica delle Marchevia Brecce Blanche 60131 AnconaItaly

University buildings are one of the most relevant closed environments in which the COVID-19 event clearly pointed out stakeholders'needs toward safety issues,especially because of the possibility of day-to-day presences of the same users(***,teachers)and overcrowding causing long-lasting contacts with possible"infectors".While waiting for the vaccine,as for other public buildings,policy-makers’measures to limit virus outbreaks combine individual’s strategies(facial masks),occupants,capacity and access ***,up to now,no easy-to-apply tools are available for assessing the punctual effectiveness of such *** fill this gap,this work proposes a quick and probabilistic simulation model based on consolidated proximity and exposure-time-based rules for virus transmission confirmed by international health *** building occupancy is defined according to university scheduling,identifying the main"attraction areas"in the building(classrooms,break-areas).Scenarios are defined in terms of occupants’densities and the above-mentioned mitigation *** model is calibrated on experimental data and applied to a relevant university *** demonstrate the model *** particular,it underlines that if such strategies are not combined,the virus spreading can be limited by only using high protection respiratory devices(***3)by almost every *** the contrary,the combination between access control and building capacity limitation can lead to the adoption of lighter protective devices(*** masks),thus improving the feasibility,users'comfort and favorable *** rules to combine acceptable mask filters-occupants,density are thus provided to help stakeholders in organizing users'presences in the building during the pandemic.

关键词： simulation model closed built environment building occupancy crowd models proximity exposure COVID-19

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The Effect of Electromagnetic Fields with the Mg²⁺ Cyclotron Frequency on Mouse Reproductive Performance

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2016年第7期8卷 115-123页

作者： gabriele Gerardi Antonella De Ninno Vanni Ferrari Sandro Mazzariol Daniele bernardini Severino Segato Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health University of Padova Legnaro (PD) Italy ENEA C.R. Frascati Department Fusion and Nuclear Technologies Technologies for Safety and Health Division Frascati (Roma) Italy Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science University of Padova Legnaro (PD) Italy

The present study is aimed to test whether exposure to electromagnetic fields of very weak intensity (≤1 mT) and low frequency (≤100 Hz) may influence reproductive performance and induce teratogenesis in mice. We speculate that a resonant effect occur when the applied frequency matches the cyclotron frequency of Mg2+ (≈60 Hz) involved in the cell duplication. Four groups of mice (four dams and one male each) were exposed to ?50 μT electromagnetic field continuous irradiation of for 100 days. A control group (four dams and one male) was also examined. The exposed dams exhibited a significantly lower number of offspring per birth than the control ones (11.0 vs. 11.6;P = 0.006). A significantly lower average daily gain of body weight per mouse was observed (0.74 vs. 0.77 g/d;P = 0.002), resulting in a reduction of the average body weight per nest at 11 days of age (404 vs. 463 g;P = 0.048). Post mortem examinations revealed a significant increase in mild chronic hepatic inflammatory findings (28 vs. 0%;P = 0.001) in the offspring and myocardial hypertrophy (25 vs. 0%;P = 0.023) in the dams. The exposure of mice to an electromagnetic field with the cyclotron frequency of Mg2+ during pregnancy caused a measurable effect on the reproductive performance in terms of offspring per birth. This finding may be considered as a warning about the environmental effects of the electromagnetic fields on the stability of individual species and ecosystems.

关键词： ELF-EMF Cyclotron Frequency Mouse Birth-Rate Postnatal Growth Histological Findings

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