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Cancer stem cell impact on clinical oncology

World Journal of Stem Cells 2018年第12期10卷 183-195页

作者： Mariel E Toledo-Guzmán gabriele d bigoni-ordonez Miguel Ibanez Hernandez Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez Subdirección de Investigación Básica Instituto Nacional de CancerologíaMexico City 14080Mexico departamento de Bioquímica Laboratorio de Terapia GénicaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasPosgrado de Biomedicina y Biotecnología MolecularInstituto Politécnico NacionalMexico City 11340Mexico

Cancer is a widespread worldwide chronic disease. In most cases, the high mortality rate from cancer correlates with a lack of clear symptoms, which results in late diagnosis for patients, and consequently, advanced tumor disease with poor probabilities for cure, since many patients will show chemo-and radio-resistance. Several mechanisms have been studied to explain chemo-and radio-resistance to anti-tumor therapies, including cell signaling pathways, anti-apoptotic mechanisms, stemness, metabolism, and cellular phenotypes. Interestingly, the presence of cancer stem cells(CSCs), which are a subset of cells within the tumors, has been related to therapy resistance. In this review, we focus on evaluating the presence of CSCs in different tumors such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and hematological neoplasias, highlighting studies where CSCs were identified in patient samples. It is evident that there has been a great drive to identify the cell surface phenotypes of CSCs so that they can be used as a tool for anti-tumor therapy treatment design. We also review the potential effect of nanoparticles, drugs, natural compounds, aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors, cell signaling inhibitors, and antibodies to treat CSCs from specific tumors. Taken together, we present an overview of the role of CSCs in tumorigenesis and how research is advancing to target these highly tumorigenic cells to improve oncology patient outcomes.

关键词： Cancer Targeted therapy Clinical outcome drug resistance Cancer stem cells

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CO_(2) conversion to solar fuels and chemicals:Opening the new paths

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 680-683页

作者： gabriele Centi Claudio Ampelli department of Chemical BiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences(ChiBioFarAm)University of MessinaERIC aisbl and CASPE/INSTMV.le F.Stagno d'Alcontres 3198166 MessinaItaly

This future article discusses the new prospects and directions of CO_(2)conversion via the photo-electrocatalytic(PEC)route.The second(2nd)generation solar fuels and chemicals(SFs)are generated directly in PEC systems via electrons/protons reactions without forming molecular H_(2)as an intermediate,overcoming the thermodynamics limitations and practical issues encountered for electro-fuels produced by multistep thermocatalytic processes(i.e.CO_(2)conversion with H_(2)coming from water electrolysis).A distributed and decentralized production of SFs requires very compact,highly integrated,and intensified technologies.Among the existing reactors of advanced design(based on artificial leaves or photosynthesis),the integrated photovoltaic plus electrocatalytic(PV-EC)device is the only system(demonstrated at large scale)to produce SFs with high solar-to-fuel(STF)efficiency.However,while the literature indicates STF efficiency as the main(and only)measure of process performance,we remark here the need to refer to productivity(in terms of current density)and make tests with reliable flow PEC systems(with electrodes of at least 5–10 cm^(2))to accelerate the scaling-up process.Using approaches that minimize downstream separation costs is also mandatory.Many limitations exist in PEC systems,but most can be overcome by proper electrode and cell engineering,thus going beyond the properties of the electrocatalysts.As examples of current developments,we present the progress of(i)artificial leaf/tree devices for green H_(2)distributed production and(ii)a PEC device producing the same chemicals at both cathode and anode parts without downstream operations for green solvent distributed production.Based on these developments,future directions,such as producing fertilizers and food components from the air,are outlined.The aim is to provide new ideas and research directions from a personal perspective.

关键词： Solar fuels Artificial leaf PEC devices PV-EC devices Cell engineering green H_(2) Chemicals from theair

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Photoionisation detection of a single Er3+ ion with sub-100-ns time resolution

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 38-45页

作者： Yangbo Zhang Wenda Fan Jiliang Yang Hao Guan Qi Zhang Xi Qin Changkui duan gabriele G.de Boo Brett C.Johnson Jeffrey C.Mc Callum Matthew J.Sellars Sven Rogge Chunming Yin Jiangfeng du CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of New South Wales Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Engineering RMIT University Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of Melbourne Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University

Efficient detection of single optical centres in solids is essential for quantum information processing, sensing and single-photon generation applications.In this work,we use radio-frequency（RF） reflectometry to electrically detect the photoionisation induced by a single Er3+ion in Si.The high bandwidth and sensitivity of the RF reflectometry provide sub-100-ns time resolution for the photoionisation detection.With this technique,the optically excited state lifetime of a single Er3+ion in a Si nano-transistor is measured for the first time to be 0.49±0.04μs.Our results demonstrate an efficient approach for detecting a charge state change induced by Er excitation and relaxation.This approach could be used for fast readout of other single optical centres in solids and is attractive for large-scale integrated optical quantum systems thanks to the multi-channel RF reflectometry demonstrated with frequency multiplexing techniques.

关键词： single optical centres erbium ions RF reflectometry photoionisation detection

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A probabilistic model to evaluate the effectiveness of main solutions to COVId-19 spreading in university buildings according to proximity and time-based consolidated criteria

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Building Simulation 2021年第6期14卷 1795-1809页

作者： Marco d'Orazio gabriele Bernardini Enrico Quagliarini department of Construction Civil Engineering and ArchitectureUniversita Politecnica delle Marchevia Brecce Blanche 60131 AnconaItaly

University buildings are one of the most relevant closed environments in which the COVId-19 event clearly pointed out stakeholders'needs toward safety issues,especially because of the possibility of day-to-day presences of the same users(i.***.students,teachers)and overcrowding causing long-lasting contacts with possible"infectors".While waiting for the vaccine,as for other public buildings,policy-makers’measures to limit virus outbreaks combine individual’s strategies(facial masks),occupants,capacity and access control.But,up to now,no easy-to-apply tools are available for assessing the punctual effectiveness of such measures.To fill this gap,this work proposes a quick and probabilistic simulation model based on consolidated proximity and exposure-time-based rules for virus transmission confirmed by international health organizations.The building occupancy is defined according to university scheduling,identifying the main"attraction areas"in the building(classrooms,break-areas).Scenarios are defined in terms of occupants’densities and the above-mentioned mitigation strategies.The model is calibrated on experimental data and applied to a relevant university building.Results demonstrate the model capabilities.In particular,it underlines that if such strategies are not combined,the virus spreading can be limited by only using high protection respiratory devices(i.e.FFP3)by almost every occupant.On the contrary,the combination between access control and building capacity limitation can lead to the adoption of lighter protective devices(i.***.surgical masks),thus improving the feasibility,users'comfort and favorable reception.Simplified rules to combine acceptable mask filters-occupants,density are thus provided to help stakeholders in organizing users'presences in the building during the pandemic.

关键词： simulation model closed built environment building occupancy crowd models proximity exposure COVId-19

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Edge robotics:are we ready?an experimental evaluation of current vision and future directions

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digital Communications and Networks 2023年第1期9卷 166-174页

作者： Milan Groshev gabriele Baldoni Luca Cominardi Antonio de la Oliva Robert Gazda University Carlos Ⅲ of Madrid Leganes28028MadridSpain ZettaScale Technology SARL Saint-Aubin91190France Interdigital Inc. WilmingtonDE19809USA

Cloud-based robotics systems leverage a wide range of Information Technologies(IT)to offer tangible benefits like cost reduction,powerful computational capabilities,data offloading,etc.However,the centralized nature of cloud computing is not well-suited for a multitude of Operational Technologies(OT)nowadays used in robotics systems that require strict real-time guarantees and security.Edge computing and fog computing are complementary approaches that aim at mitigating some of these challenges by providing computing capabilities closer to the users.The goal of this work is hence threefold:i)to analyze the current edge computing and fog computing landscape in the context of robotics systems,ii)to experimentally evaluate an end-to-end robotics system based on solutions proposed in the literature,and iii)to experimentally identify current benefits and open challenges of edge computing and fog computing.Results show that,in the case of an exemplary delivery application comprising two mobile robots,the robot coordination and range can be improved by consuming real-time radio information available at the edge.However,our evaluation highlights that the existing software,wireless and virtualization technologies still require substantial evolution to fully support edge-based robotics systems.

关键词： Edge robotics experimental fog MEC Virtualization ROS Fog05

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Patient-derived organoids for therapy personalization in inflammatory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第24期28卷 2636-2653页

作者： Marianna Lucafò Antonella Muzzo Martina Marcuzzi Lorenzo Giorio Giuliana decorti gabriele Stocco Advanced Translational diagnostics Laboratory Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS“Burlo Garofolo”Trieste 34137Italy department of Medicine Surgery and Health SciencesUniversity of TriesteTrieste 34127Italy department of Life Sciences University of TriesteTrieste 34127Italy

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBds)are chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestinal tract that have emerged as a growing problem in industrialized countries.Knowledge of IBd pathogenesis is still incomplete,and the most widely-accepted interpretation considers genetic factors,environmental stimuli,uncontrolled immune responses and altered intestinal microbiota composition as determinants of IBd,leading to dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial functions.In vitro models commonly used to study the intestinal barrier do not fully reflect the proper intestinal architecture.An important innovation is represented by organoids,3d in vitro cell structures derived from stem cells that can self-organize into functional organ-specific structures.Organoids may be generated from induced pluripotent stem cells or adult intestinal stem cells of IBd patients and therefore retain their genetic and transcriptomic profile.These models are powerful pharmacological tools to better understand IBd pathogenesis,to study the mechanisms of action on the epithelial barrier of drugs already used in the treatment of IBd,and to evaluate novel target-directed molecules which could improve therapeutic strategies.The aim of this review is to illustrate the potential use of organoids for therapy personalization by focusing on the most significant advances in IBd research achieved through the use of adult stem cells-derived intestinal organoids.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Organoids Intestinal epithelium 3d cell cultures Personalized medicine

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Practical insights into chronic management of hepatic Wilson’s disease

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第14期10卷 4334-4347页

作者： Erica Nicola Lynch Claudia Campani Tommaso Innocenti gabriele dragoni Paolo Forte Andrea Galli Gastroenterology Research Unit Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences“Mario Serio”University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy department of Medical Biotechnologies University of SienaSiena 53100Italy division of Gastroenterology University Hospital“Careggi”Florence 50134Italy

Wilson’s disease(Wd)is a rare inherited disorder of human copper metabolism,with an estimated prevalence of 1:30000-1:50000 and a broad spectrum of hepatic and neuropsychiatric manifestations.In healthy individuals,the bile is the main route of elimination of copper.In Wd patients,copper accumulates in the liver,it is released into the bloodstream,and is excreted in urine.Copper can also be accumulated in the brain,kidneys,heart,and osseous matter and causes damage due to direct toxicity or oxidative stress.Hepatic Wd is commonly but not exclusively diagnosed in childhood or young adulthood.Adherent,non-cirrhotic Wd patients seem to have a normal life expectancy.Nevertheless,chronic management of patients with Wilson’s disease is challenging,as available biochemical tests have many limitations and do not allow a clear identification of non-compliance,overtreatment,or treatment goals.To provide optimal care,clinicians should have a complete understanding of these limitations and counterbalance them with a thorough clinical assessment.The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with practical tools and suggestions which may answer doubts that can arise during chronic management of patients with hepatic Wd.In particular,it summarises current knowledge on Wilson’s disease clinical and biochemical monitoring and treatment.It also analyses available evidence on pregnancy and the role of low-copper diet in Wd.Future research should focus on trying to provide new copper metabolism tests which could help to guide treatment adjustments.

关键词： Wilson’s disease Urinary copper excretion Non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper d-penicillamine Trientine Zinc salts

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Electrocatalytic production of glycolic acid via oxalic acid reduction on titania debris supported on a TiO_(2)nanotube array

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 669-678页

作者： Francesco Pio Abramo Federica de Luca Rosalba Passalacqua gabriele Centi Gianfranco Giorgianni Siglinda Perathoner Salvatore Abate department of ChiBioFarAM(Industrial Chemistry) University of MessinaERIC aisbl and INSTM/CASPEV.le F.Stagno d’Alcontres 31Messina 98166Italy University of Calabria Department of Environmental EngineeringLaboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Catalysis Via P.Bucci87036 RendeCSItaly

Electrodes prepared by anodic oxidation of Ti foils are robust and not toxic materials for the electrocatalytic reduction of oxalic acid to glycolic acid, allowing the development of a renewable energy-driven process for producing an alcoholic compound from an organic acid at low potential and room temperature. Coupled with the electrochemical synthesis of the oxalic acid from CO_(2),this process represents a new green and low-carbon path to produce added value chemicals from CO_(2). Various electrodes prepared by anodic oxidation of Ti foils were investigated. They were characterized by the presence of a TiO_(2) nanotube array together with the presence of small patches, debris, or TiO_(2) nanoparticles. The concentration of oxygen vacancies, the amount of Ti^(3+) measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and the intensity of the anodic peak measured by cyclic voltammetry, were positively correlated with the achieved oxalic acid conversion and glycolic acid yield. The analysis of the results indicates the presence of small amorphous TiO_(2) nanoparticles(or surface patches or debris) interacting with TiO_(2) nanotubes, the sites responsible for the conversion of oxalic acid and glycolic acid yield. By varying this structural characteristic of the electrodes, it is possible to tune the glycolic acid to glyoxylic acid relative ratio. A best cumulative Faradaic efficiency(FE) of about 84% with FE to glycolic acid around 60% and oxalic conversion about 30% was observed.

关键词： Oxalic acid TiO_(2)nanotubes Glyoxylic acid Glycolic acid Electrocatalysis

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Pre-breakdown to stable phase and origin of multiple current pulses in argon dielectric barrier discharge

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第12期23卷 83-94页

作者： Saurav GAUTAM gabriele MORRA department of Mechanical Engineering University of California MercedMercedCalifornia 95343United States of America department of Physics University of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayetteLouisiana 70503United States of America

We report on the results of numerical models of the(i)initial growth and(ii)steady state phases of atmospheric-pressure homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge in argon.We employ our new inhouse code called Py dBd,which solves continuity equations for both particles and energy,shows exceptional stability,is accelerated by adaptive time stepping and is openly available to the scientific community.Modeling argon plasma is numerically challenging due to the lower speeds of more inertial ions compared to more commonly modeled neon and helium,but its common use for plasma jets in medicine makes its modeling compelling.Py dBd is here applied to modeling two setups:(i)the exponential growth from natural electron-ion seeds(onset phase)until saturation is reached and(ii)the multiple current pulses that naturally appear during the steady state phase.We find that the time required for the onset phase,when the plasma density grows from 10^(9)m^(-3)to 10^(17)m^(-3),varies from 80μs at 4.5 k V down to a fewμs above 6.5 k V,for voltage frequency f=80 k Hz and gap width d_(g)=0.9 mm.At the steady state,our model reproduces two previously observed features of the current in dielectric barrier discharge reactors:(1)an oscillatory behavior associated to the capacitative character of the circuit and(2)several(N_(p))current pulses occurring every half sinusoidal cycle.We show that the oscillations are present during the exponential growth,while current pulses appear approaching the steady state.After each micro-discharge,the gas voltage decreases abruptly and charged particles rapidly accumulate at the dielectric boundaries,causing avalanches of charged particles near the reactor boundaries.Finally,we run a parametric study finding that N_(p)increases linearly with voltage amplitude V_(amp),is inversely proportional to dielectric gap d_(g)and decreases when voltage frequency f increases.The code developed for this publication is freely available at the address https://***/gabersyd/PydBd.

关键词： plasma onset micro-discharge multiple current pulse(MCP) discharge asymmetry seed electrons

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This pain drives me crazy:Psychiatric symptoms in women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第6期14卷 954-984页

作者： Marianna Mazza Stella Margoni Giuseppe Mandracchia Guglielmo donofrio Alessia Fischetti Georgios d Kotzalidis Giuseppe Marano Alessio Simonetti delfina Janiri Lorenzo Moccia Ilaria Marcelli Greta Sfratta domenico de Berardis Ottavia Ferrara Evelina Bernardi Antonio Restaino Francesco Maria Lisci Antonio Maria d'Onofrio Caterina Brisi Flavia Grisoni Claudia Calderoni Michele Ciliberto Andrea Brugnami Sara Rossi Maria Chiara Spera Valeria de Masi Ester Maria Marzo Francesca Abate Gianluca Boggio Maria Benedetta Anesini Cecilia Falsini Anna Quintano Alberto Torresi Miriam Militenda Giovanni Bartolucci Marco Biscosi Sara Ruggiero Luca Lo Giudice Giulia Mastroeni Elisabetta Benini Luca di Benedetto Romina Caso Francesco Pesaresi Francesco Traccis Luca Onori Luca Chisari Leonardo Monacelli Mariateresa Acanfora Eleonora Gaetani Monia Marturano Sara Barbonetti Elettra Specogna Francesca Bardi Emanuela de Chiara Gianmarco Stella Andrea Zanzarri Flavio Tavoletta Arianna Crupi Giulia Battisti Laura Monti Giovanni Camardese daniela Chieffo Antonio Gasbarrini Giovanni Scambia gabriele Sani department of Neurosciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSUniversita Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy department of Psychiatry UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy department of Neurosciences Section of PsychiatryFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Mental Health NHSASL 4 TeramoTeramo 64100Italy Medical and Surgical Sciences UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy division of Gynecologic Oncology UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy UOS Psicologia Clinica Governo ClinicoFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy CEMAd digestive disease Center Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli-IRCCSRome 00168Italy department of Woman and Child Health Catholic UniversityRome 00168Italy UOC Psichiatria Clinica e d’Urgenza Dipartimento di Scienze Dell’InvecchiamentoNeurologicheOrtopediche e Della Testa-colloFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy

BACKGROUNd Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome(IC/BPS)is an at least 6-mo noninfectious bladder inflammation of unknown origin characterized by chronic suprapubic,abdominal,and/or pelvic pain.Although the term cystitis suggests an inflammatory or infectious origin,no definite cause has been identified.It occurs in both sexes,but women are twice as much affected.AIM To systematically review evidence of psychiatric/psychological changes in persons with IC/BPS.METHOdS Hypothesizing that particular psychological characteristics could underpin IC/BPS,we investigated in three databases the presence of psychiatric symptoms and/or disorders and/or psychological characteristics in patients with IC/BPS using the following strategy:("interstitial cystitis"OR"bladder pain syndrome")ANd("mood disorder"OR depressive OR antidepressant OR depression OR depressed OR hyperthymic OR mania OR manic OR rapid cyclasterisk OR dysthymiasterisk OR dysphoriasterisk).RESULTS On September 27,2023,the PubMed search produced 223 articles,CINAHL 62,and the combined PsycLIT/PsycARTICLES/PsycINFO/Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection search 36.Search on ClinicalTrials.gov produced 14 studies,of which none had available data.Eligible were peer-reviewed articles reporting psychiatric/psychological symptoms in patients with IC/BPS,i.e.63 articles spanning from 2000 to October 2023.These studies identified depression and anxiety problems in the IC/BPS population,along with sleep problems and the tendency to catastrophizing.CONCLUSION Psychotherapies targeting catastrophizing and life stress emotional awareness and expression reduced perceived pain in women with IC/BPS.Such concepts should be considered when implementing treatments aimed at reducing IC/BPS-related pain.

关键词： Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome Psychiatric symptoms Psychological symptoms Catastrophizing Anxiety depression

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