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Effect of wide-narrow row arrangement in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting and plant density on yield formation and grain quality of japonica rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第5期19卷 1197-1214页

作者： HU Qun JIANG wei-qin QIU Shi XING Zhi-peng HU Ya-jie guo bao-wei LIU guo-dong GAO Hui ZHANG Hong-cheng wei Hai-yan Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China

Mechanical pot-seedling transplanting is an innovatively developed transplanting method that has the potential to replace mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting. However, the initial pot-seedling transplanting machine lacked optimized density spacing and limited yield potential for japonica rice. Therefore, ascertaining the optimized density by wide-narrow rows and the appropriate transplanting method for yield formation and grain quality of japonica rice is of great importance for high-quality rice production. Field experiments were conducted using two japonica rice cultivars Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5055 under three transplanting methods in 2016 and 2017: mechanical pot-seedling transplanting with wide-narrow row(K, average row spacing of 30 cm);equidistant row(D, 33 cm×12 cm);and mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting(T, 30 cm×12.4 cm). In addition, five different density treatments were set in K(K1–K5, from 18.62×10~4 to 28.49×10~4 hills ha^(–1)). The results showed that the highest yield was produced by a planting density of 26.88×104 hills ha^(–1) in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting with wide-narrow row with a greater number of total spikelets that resulted from significantly more panicles per area and slightly more grain number per panicle, as compared with equidistant row, and yield among density in wide-narrow row showed a parabolic trend. Compared with mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting, the treatment of the highest yield increased yield significantly, which was mainly attributed to the larger sink size with improved filled-grain percentage and grain weight, higher harvest index, and increased total dry matter accumulation, especially the larger amount accumulated from heading stage to maturity stage. With the density in wide-narrow row decreasing, processing quality, appearance quality, and nutrition quality were all improved, whereas amylose content and the taste value were decreased. Compared with mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting,

关键词： density grain quality japonica rice transplanting methods wide-narrow row yield formation

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Morphological and physiological traits of large-panicle rice varieties with high filled-grain percentage

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第8期15卷 1751-1762页

作者： MENG Tian-yao wei Huan-he LI Chao DAI Qi-gen XU Ke HUO Zhong-yang wei Hai-yan guo bao-wei ZHNAG Hong-cheng Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Physiology of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou University/Innovation Center of Rice Technology in Yangtze Rice Valley Ministry of Agriculture

financed by the Special Program of Super Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, China （02318802013231）;the National Public Services Sectors （Agricultural） Research Projects, Ministry of Agriculture, China （201303102）;... 详细信息

关键词： large-panicle varieties improved filling efficiency morphological and physiological traits grain filling characteristics

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Effects of nitrogen level on yield and quality of japonica soft super rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第5期16卷 1018-1027页

作者： ZHU Da-wei ZHANG Hong-cheng guo bao-wei XU Ke DAI Qi-gen wei Hai-yan GAO Hui HU Ya-jie CUI Pei-yuan HUO Zhong-yang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001P.R.China

Although studies on the balance between yield and quality of japonica soft super rice are limited, they are crucial for super rice cultivation. In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rate on grain yield and rice quality, two japonica soft super rice varieties, Nanjing 9108 （NJ 9108） and Nanjing 5055 （NJ 5055）, were used under seven N levels with the application rates of 0, 150, 187.5,225, 262.5, 300, and 337.5 kg ha^-1. With the increasing nitrogen application level, grain yield of both varieties first increased and then decreased. The highest yield was obtained at 300 kg ha^-1. The milling quality and protein content increased, while the appearance quality, amylose content, gel consistency, cooking/eating quality, and rice flour viscosity decreased. Milling was significantly negatively related with the eating/cooking quality whereas the appearance was significantly positively related with cooking/eating quality. These results suggest that nitrogen level significantly affects the yield and rice quality of japonica soft super rice. We conclude that the suitable nitrogen application rate for japonica soft super rice, NJ 9108 and NJ 5055, is 270 kg ha^-1, under which they obtain high yield as well as superior eating/cooking quality.

关键词： oft super rice grain yield rice quality

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Comparison of yield traits in rice among three mechanized planting methods in a rice-wheat rotation system

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第7期16卷 1451-1466页

作者： XING Zhi-peng HU Ya-jie QIAN Hai-jun CAO wei-wei guo bao-wei wei Hai-yan XU Ke HUO Zhong-yang ZHOU Gui-sheng DAI Qi-gen ZHANG Hong-cheng Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Agricultural College Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China Innovation Center of Rice Technology in Yangtze Rice Valley Ministry of AgricultureYangzhou 225009P.R.China Jointing Laboratory in Agricultural Sciences Between Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada(AAFC)and Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009P.R.China

Understanding the differences in yield traits of rice among pothole seedling of mechanical transplanting （PSMT）, carpet seedling of mechanical transplanting （CSMT） and mechanical direct seeding （MDS） is of great importance not only for rice scientists but also for rice farmers to develop a high-yield production system under mechanical conditions in a rice-wheat rotation system. However, such traits are yet to be studied among rice varieties ofjaponica-indica hybrid rice （JIHR）,japonica conventional rice （JCR） and indica hybrid rice （IHR）. Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015, where six cultivars of the three rice types JIHR, JCR and IHR were grown individually with PSMT, CSMT and MDS methods, under respective managements for each method to achieve the maximum attainable yield. Results showed that （i） the PSMT significantly increased grain yield of JIHR by 22.0 and 7.1%, of JCR by 15.6 and 3.7% and of I HR by 22.5 and 7.4%, compared to MDS and CSMT on average across the two years, respectively. The highest yield was produced by the combination of JIHR and PSMT; （ii） high yield under PSMT was mainly attributed to large sink capacity and high-efficient dry matter accumulation. With sufficient panicles per hectare, the increase of spikelet number per panicle, especially the increase in spikelet number of the secondary rachis-branches was determined to be the optimal approach for developing a large sink capacity for rice under PSMT. The optimal tillers development, large leaf area index at heading stage, and high leaf area duration, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate during grain-filling phase could be the cause of sufficient dry matter accumulation for rice under PSMT; （iii） moreover, the PSMT favored plant growth as well as enriched the stems plus sheaths during grain-filling phase, as compared with CSMT and MDS. These results suggest that PSMT may be an alternative approach to increasing grain yield in a rice-wheat rotation system in the lower rea

关键词： rice grain yield mechanized planting method pothole seedling of mechanical transplanting

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Comparison of agronomic performance between inter-sub-specific hybrid and inbred japonica rice under different mechanical transplanting methods

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第4期17卷 806-816页

作者： HU Ya-jie WU Pei ZHANG Hong-cheng DAI Qi-gen HUO Zhong-yang XU Ke GAO Hui wei Hai-yan guo bao-wei CUI Pei-yuan Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University

Mechanical transplanting has been applied to rice cultivation to save labor costs and ease labor shortages in Asian countries, especially in China. However, little information is available related to the characteristics of agronomic performance when comparing inter-sub-specific hybrid rice(IHR) and inbred japonica rice(IJR) under mechanical transplanting method. In 2013 and 2014, field experiments were conducted using IHR(Yongyou 2640) and IJR(Wuyunjing 24) under two cultivation patterns, that is, pot seedlings mechanically transplanted(PS) and carpet seedlings mechanically transplanted(CS). Grain yield, yield components, leaf area index(LAI), leaf area duration(LAD), aboveground biomass, crop growth rate(CGR), nitrogen(N) uptake, and N accumulation were investigated. When compared with CS, PS displayed significantly increased grain yield for both varieties because the larger sink size allowed higher N accumulation from panicle initiation to maturity. Moreover, total aboveground biomass under PS increased significantly compared with that under CS; that is, higher photosynthetic productivity resulted from a greater LAI and higher LAD during the grain filling stage. Higher N absorption capacity in the middle and late growth periods resulted in significantly enhanced total N uptake under PS. When compared with IJR for both treatments, IHR generated 75.2% more grain yield. However, the characteristics creating high yield of IHR were different from those of IJR. Greater aboveground biomass production as well as higher N uptake and accumulation created higher grain yield in IHR than in IJR. These results suggest higher yield could be achieved using PS with IHR, attributing to exploit both yield superiority and productive potential.

关键词： high yield formation inter-sub-specific hybrid rice inbred japonica rice mechanical transplanting method

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Effects of sowing date and ecological points on yield and the temperature and radiation resources of semi-winter wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第5期22卷 1366-1380页

作者： ZHANG Zhen-zhen CHENG Shuang FAN Peng ZHOU Nian-bing XING Zhi-peng HU Ya-jie XU Fang-fu guo bao-wei wei Hai-yan ZHANG Hong-cheng Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China

Exploring the effects of sowing date and ecological points on the yield of semi-winter wheat is of great *** study aims to reveal the effects of sowing date and ecological points on the climate resources associated with wheat yield in the Rice–Wheat Rotation *** six sowing dates,the experiments were carried out in Donghai and Jianhu counties,Jiangsu Province,China using two semi-winter wheat varieties as the objects of this *** basic seedlings of the first sowing date (S1) were planted at 300×10^(4)plants ha^(-1),which was increased by 10%for each of the delayed sowing dates (S2–S6).The results showed that the delay of sowing date decreased the number of days,the effective accumulated temperature and the cumulative solar radiation in the whole growth *** yields of S1 were higher than those of S2 to S6 by 0.22–0.31,0.5–0.78,0.86–0.98,1.14–1.38,and 1.36–1.59 t ha^(–1),*** a given sowing date,the growth days increased as the ecological point was moved north,while both mean daily temperature and effective accumulative temperature decreased,but the cumulative radiation *** a result,the yields at Donghai County were 0.01–0.39 t ha–1lower than those of Jianhu County for the six sowing *** effective accumulative temperature and cumulative radiation both had significant positive correlations with *** average temperature was significantly negatively correlated with the *** decrease in grain yield was mainly due to the declines in grains per spike and 1 000-grain weight caused by the increase in the daily temperature and the decrease in the effective accumulative temperature.

关键词： wheat yield sowing date ecological point

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Increasing the appropriate seedling density for higher yield in dry direct-seeded rice sown by a multifunctional seeder after wheatstraw return

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第2期22卷 400-416页

作者： TIAN Jin-yu LI Shao-ping CHENG Shuang LIU Qiu-yuan ZHOU Lei TAO Yu XING Zhi-peng HU Ya-jie guo bao-wei wei Hai-yan ZHANG Hong-cheng Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China Agricultural College Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityXinyang 464000P.R.China

Dry direct-seeded rice(DDR) sown using a multifunctional seeder that performs synchronous rotary tillage and sowing has received increased attention because it is highly efficient,relatively cheap,and environmentally ***,this method of rice production may produce lower yields in a rice–wheat rotation system because of its poor seedling *** address this problem,we performed field experiments to determine the rice yield at five seedling density levels(B1,B2,B3,B4,and B5=100,190,280,370,and 460 seedlings m-2,respectively) and clarify the physiological basis of yield *** selected a representative high-quality rice variety and a multifunctional seeder that used in a typical rice–wheat rotation area in 2016 and *** proportion of main stem panicle increased with increasing seedling *** was a parabolic relationship between yield and seedling density,and the maximum yield(9.34-9.47 t ha-1) was obtained under *** maximum yield was associated with a higher total spikelet number m-2 and greater biomass accumulation from heading to *** higher total spikelet number m-2 under B3 was attributed to an increase in panicle number m-2 compared with B1 and *** the panicle numbers also increased under B4 and B5,these increases were insufficient to compensate for the reduced spikelet numbers per *** biomass,smaller leaf area,and lower N uptake per plant from the stem elongation stage to the heading stage were partially responsible for the smaller panicle size at higher seedling density levels such as *** higher biomass accumulation under B3 was ascribed to the increases in the photosynthetic rate of the top three leaves m-2 of land,crop growth rate,net assimilation rate,and leaf area ***,the B3 rice population was marked by a higher grain–leaf ratio,as well as a lower export ratio and transport ratio of biomass per stem-sheath.A quadratic function predicted that 260-290 seedlings m-2 is the op

关键词： seedling density dry direct-seeded rice sown by a multifunctional seeder rice–wheat rotation system yield biomass photosynthetic capacity

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Temperature and solar radiation utilization of rice for yield formation with different mechanized planting methods in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第9期16卷 1923-1935页

作者： XING Zhi-peng WU Pei ZHU Ming QIAN Hai-jun HU Ya-jie guo bao-wei wei Hai-yan XU Ke HUO Zhong-yang DAI Qi-gen ZHANG Hong-cheng Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modem Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China

Several studies have demonstrated the effect of planting methods on rice yield, but information on the climate resources is limited. This study aims to reveal the effects of planting methods on climate resources associated with rice yield in a rice-wheat rotation system in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 with two japonica, two indica hybrid, and two japonica-indica hybrid varieties grown under three mechanized planting methods： carpet seedling of mechanical transplanting（CT）, mechanical direct seeding（DS）, and pot-hole seedling of mechanical transplanting（PT）. The rice yield and total dry matter under PT were greater than those under CT and DS methods. Besides, the entire growth duration and daily production showed significant positive relations with rice yield. Compared with CT and DS, the effective accumulated temperature and cumulative solar radiation of rice under PT were higher in phenological phases. In addition, the dry matter/effective accumulated temperature and solar energy utilization of rice under CT and DS were higher during vegetative phase and lower during reproductive and grain filling phases in contrast to PT. The mean daily temperature and mean daily solar radiation in the entire growth duration showed significant positive correlation with rice yield, total dry matter, and harvest index. This study demonstrated that when the mean daily temperature is 〈25.1°C in vegetative phase and 〉20.1°C in grain filling phase, rice yield could be increased by selecting mechanized planting methods. Most varieties under PT method exhibited high yield and climate resources use efficiency compared with CT and DS. In conclusion, the PT method could be a better cultivation measure for high rice yield, accompanied with high temperature and solar radiation use efficiency in a rice-wheat rotation system in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China.

关键词： rice mechanized planting methods temperature solar radiation

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Expression of non-structural protein NS3 gene of Bombyx mori densovirus (China isolate)

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2008年第4期35卷 239-244页

作者： Huijuan Yin Qin Yao Zhongjian guo Fang bao wei Yu Jun Li Keping Chen Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 301# Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 China

The invertebrate parvovirus Bombyx mori Densonucleosis Virus type 3 （China isolate）, named BmDNV-3, is a kind of bidensovirus. It is a new type of virus with unique replication mechanisms. To investigate the effects of the NS3 gene during viral DNA replication, a pair of primers was designed for amplifying NS3 gene of Bombyx mori densovirus （China isolate）. Gene NS3 amplified was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a and the donor plasmid pFastBacHTe, respectively. The NS3 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The pFastBacHTe-NS3 was transformed to E. coli DHIOBac. The recombinant bacmid baculoviruses （rBacmid-EGFP-NS3） isolated from the white colonies were transfected into BmN-4 cells using a transfection reagent. BraN-4 cells were infected with recombinant virus to express fusion proteins. The expression of fusion protein around 30 kDa in E. coli BL21 was identified by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, and mass spectrometry. The expressed NS3 protein by B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus bacmid system was confirmed by Western blotting using an anti-NS3 polyclonal antibody. And about 45 kDa protein was found. The expressed fusion protein was smaller than the expected size of EGFP-NS3, 55 kDa. Western blotting analysis indicated that EGFP-NS3 protein was expressed in infected larvae with smaller molecular size.

关键词： BmDNV NS3 protein expression

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聚众斗殴罪量刑实证研究

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政法论丛 2017年第4期 128-138页

作者：包国为山东政法学院警官学院山东济南250014

通过SPSS软件对聚众斗殴罪宣告刑变量的描述统计,可以发现该罪量刑在总体上呈现轻刑化倾向。通过聚众斗殴罪宣告刑回归模型检验,发现该罪量刑基准刑的影响因素有持械、轻微伤和轻伤,且这三个变量与聚众斗殴罪宣告刑之间不存在严谨的刑... 详细信息

通过SPSS软件对聚众斗殴罪宣告刑变量的描述统计,可以发现该罪量刑在总体上呈现轻刑化倾向。通过聚众斗殴罪宣告刑回归模型检验,发现该罪量刑基准刑的影响因素有持械、轻微伤和轻伤,且这三个变量与聚众斗殴罪宣告刑之间不存在严谨的刑罚梯度关系;发现该罪量刑事实范围为持械、轻微伤、轻伤、首要分子、主犯、从犯、累犯、未遂、自首、立功、赔偿损失。最后结合量刑理论,对该罪量刑事实范围、量刑影响因素的重要性排序极其对基准刑调整幅度等方面存在的问题进行揭示、评议和预测。

关键词：聚众斗殴罪宣告刑量刑事实回归模型

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