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Effects of Elevated Ozone Concentration on Starch and Starch Synthesis Enzymes of Yangmai 16 Under Fully Open-Air Field Conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第12期12卷 2157-2163页

作者： ZHANG Ru-biao HU Hai-juan ZHAO Zheng YANG Dan-dan ZHU Xin-kai guo wen-shan ZHU Jian-guo Kazuhiko Kobayashi Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Physiology Jiangsu Province/Wheat Research InstituteYangzhou University State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Ministry of Science and Technology/Institute of Soil SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo

O3 is not only greenhouse gas but also a primary gaseous contaminant in the *** has long-lasting effects on crop growth,yield and quality,and brings a series of ecological and environmental problems.A free-air controlled enrichment（FACE） system was applied to study the effect of elevated ozone concentration on activities of key enzymes of starch synthesis of Yangmai 16 in *** main-plot treatment had two levels of O 3 ：ambient level（A-O 3） and 50% higher than ambient level（E-O 3）.The main results were that accumulation rate of amylose,amylopectin and starch were represented in a single peak curve,and their content and accumulation amount rose *** O 3 elevation decreased the accumulation rate of amylose,amylopectin and starch amylase,reduced the accumulation amount of amylopectin and starch,and decreased the content of amylopectin and starch,but increased the content of *** the increase of O 3 concentration,the enzyme activity of grain granule-bound starch synthase（GBSS）,soluble starch synthase（SSS） and starch branching enzyme（SBE） decreased after *** activities of GBSS and SSS had highly significant correlations with amylose,amylopectin and starch accumulation rate,and the activity of SBE had significant correlations with these *** the O 3 elevation decreased the activity of key enzymes of starch synthesis,which led to the variation of starch synthesis.

关键词： O3 FACE wheat starch activity of enzymes

Responses of Phosphorus Use Efficiency, Grain Yield, and Quality to Phosphorus Application Amount of Weak-Gluten Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第7期11卷 1103-1110页

作者： ZHU Xin-kai LI Chun-yan JIANG Zong-qing HUANG Lian-lian FENG Chao-nian guo wen-shan PENG Yong-xin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Jiangsu Province/Wheat Research Institute Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009P. R. China

Phosphorus （P） is one of the most widely occurring nutrients for development and growth of wheat. In this study, the effects of P application amount on grain yield, protein content, and phosphorus use efficiency （PUE） were studied by agronomic management of P fertilizer on spring weak-gluten wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） grown under field conditions for 2 yr. The experiments were performed at five levels of P205 application amount, including 0, 72, 108, 144, and 180 kg ha-1. As a result, with increase in P fertilizer, grain yield, and P agricultural efficiency （AEp） increased in a quadratic equitation, but partial factor productivity of P （PFPp） decreased in a logarithmic eq. When 108 kg ha-1 P2Os was applied, the grain yield reached the highest level, but the protein content in gain was lower than 11.5%, a threshold for the protein content to evaluate weak-gluten wheat suitable for production of cake and biscuit. Yangmai 13 and Ningmai 9 could tolerate to higher P level of soils than Yangmai 9 that had more loss in grain yield when P fertilizer was over-applied. AEp had a concomitant relationship with grain yield and was a better descriptor for P use efficiency in the wheat. A high P use efficiency resulted in leaf area index （LAI）, increased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate, and stable acid phophatase （APase） activity to accumulate more dry matter after anthesis, which explained that the optimum P fertilizer increased grain yield and improved grain quality of weak-gluten wheat.

关键词： phosphorus fertilizer phosphorus use efficiency grain yield and quality weak-gluten wheat

Yield Evaluation of Twenty-Eight Alfalfa Cultivars in Hebei Province of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第10期13卷 2260-2267页

作者： ZHANG Tie-jun KANG Jun-mei guo wen-shan ZHAO Zhong-xiang XU Yu-peng YAN Xu-dong YANG Qing-chuan Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cangzhou Technical College

Cultivar selection is important for alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） hay production. From 2009 to 2012, a field study was conducted to evaluate the dry matter yield （DMY） of 28 cultivars in Cangzhou District of Hebei Province, China, and to determine the most suitable cultivars for this province and other zones with similar climate conditions. 28 alfalfa cultivars were sown in late March of 2009 and were harvested for hay four times in each subsequent year. The results showed that the climatic conditions resulted in significant differences in annual DMY among years, with the second year being the highest and the first year the lowest. The top five cultivars with the highest total DMY were L2750 （62.75 t ha^-1）, Hom （62.72 t ha^-1）, 86-266 （61.55 t ha^-1）, German （61.44 t ha^-1） and Zhongmu 1 （61.18 t ha^-1）, respectively. Across all four years, first harvest had the highest ratios to annual DMY except the cultivar of Rambler, while the fourth harvest had the lowest ratio. There were positive correlation relationships between DMY of each harvest and annual DMY, and the correlation coefficients were all significant in four years. And the path coefficients of first harvest were always the highest in four years. The qualities showed small variations among these cultivars and the cultivar L3750 presented the highest crude protein in both years. Crude protein had significant positive correlation with relative feed value （RFV） in both years while crude fiber had significant negative correlation with RFV and crude fiber.

关键词： alfalfa cultivars yield forage quality

Effects of High Temperature on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Flag Leaves of Wheat During Grain Filling Period

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2006年第6期5卷 425-430页

作者： LIU Ping guo wen-shan PU Han-chun FENG Chao-nian ZHU Xin-kai PENG Yong-xin Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Wheat Research Institute Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009PR.China

On the basis of the phytotron, the effects of high temperature （daily average temperature 25, 30, 35 and 40℃, respectively） on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in flag leaves of wheat at 50% relative air moisture during grain fastest filling stage [19-21 days after anthesis （DAA）] were studied. The wheat cultivars tested were Yangmai 9 with weak-gluten and Yangmai 12 with medium-gluten. Compared with 25℃, the higher the temperature was, the higher was the MDA content in flag leaves, while lower were the SOD, POD, and CAT activities. SOD and CAT activities in Yangmai 12 appeared to be more sensitive to high temperature than that in Yangmai 9. But POD activity in Yangmai 12 was less sensitive to high temperature. MDA content in Yangmai 12 was higher than that in Yangmai 9. The 1000-grain weight declined with increase in temperature.

关键词： wheat high temperature grain filling period antioxidant enzymes lipid peroxidation flag leaves

Detection and enumeration of wheat grains based on a deep learning method under various scenarios and scales

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第8期19卷 1998-2008页

作者： WU Wei YANG Tian-le LI Rui CHEN Chen LIU Tao ZHOU Kai SUN Cheng-ming LI Chun-yan ZHU Xin-kai guo wen-shan Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China

Grain number is crucial for analysis of yield components and assessment of effects of cultivation *** grain number per spike and thousand-grain weight can be measured by counting grains manually,but it is time-consuming,tedious and *** image processing algorithms cannot work well with different backgrounds and different *** study used deep learning methods to resolve the limitations of traditional image processing *** grain image datasets were collected in the scenarios of three varieties,six background and two image acquisition devices with different heights,angles and grain numbers,1748 images in *** images were processed through color space conversion,image flipping and *** grain was manually annotated,and the datasets were divided into training set,validation set and test *** used the TensorFlow framework to construct the Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network *** the transfer learning method,we optimized the wheat grain detection and enumeration *** total loss of the model was less than 0.5 and the mean average precision was *** with previous grain counting algorithms,the grain counting error rate of this model was less than 3%and the running time was less than 2 *** model can be effectively applied under a variety of backgrounds,image sizes,grain sizes,shooting angles,and shooting heights,as well as different levels of grain *** constitutes an effective detection and enumeration tool for wheat *** study provides a reference for further grain testing and enumeration applications.

关键词： wheat grain deep learning Faster R-CNN object detection counting

Tiller fertility is critical for improving grain yield,photosynthesis,and nitrogen efficiency in wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第7期22卷 2054-2066页

作者： DING Yong-gang ZHANG Xin-bo MA Quan LI Fu-jian TAO Rong-rong ZHU Min LI Chun-yan ZHU Xin-kai guo wen-shan DING Jin-feng Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China Jiangsu Ruihua Agricultural Technology Co. Ltd.Suqian 223800P.R.China

Genetic improvement has promoted wheat’s grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)during the past ***,the current wheat cultivars exhibit higher grain yield and NUE than previous cultivars in the Yangtze River Basin,China since the ***,the critical traits and mechanisms of the increased grain yield and NUE remain *** study explores the mechanisms underlying these new cultivars’increased grain yield and NUE by studying 21 local cultivars cultivated for three growing seasons from 2016 to *** positive correlations were observed between grain yield and NUE in the three *** cultivars were grouped into high(HH),medium(MM),and low(LL)grain yield and NUE *** HH group exhibited significantly high grain yield and *** grain yield was attributed to more effective ears by high tiller fertility and greater single-spike yield by increasing post-anthesis single-stem *** to other groups,the HH group demonstrated a longer leaf stay-green ability and a greater flag leaf photosynthetic rate after *** also showed higher N accumulation at pre-anthesis,which contributed to increasing N accumulation per stem,including stem and leaf sheath,leaf blade,and unit leaf area at pre-anthesis,and promoting N uptake efficiency,the main contribution of high ***,tiller fertility was positively related to N accumulation per stem,N accumulation per unit leaf area,leaf stay-green ability,and flag leaf photosynthetic rate,which indicates that improving tiller fertility promoted N uptake,leaf N accumulation,and photosynthetic ability,thereby achieving synchronous improvements in grain yield and ***,tiller fertility is proposed as an important kernel indicator that can be used in the breeding and management of cultivars to improve agricultural efficiency and sustainability.

关键词： grain yield NUE tiller fertility photosynthesis nitrogen uptake

Cationic engineered nanodiamonds for efficient antibacterial surface with strong wear resistance

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 939-948页

作者： Fu-Kui Li wen-Bo Zhao Yong Wang wen-Tao Huang Ya-Lun Ku Hang Liu Rui guo Hui-Hui Yu Kai-Kai Liu Chong-Xin shan Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Key Laboratory of Materials PhysicsMinistry of Educationand School of Physics&MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China

The spread of diseases caused by bacterial adhesion and immobilization in public places constitutes a serious threat to public *** of bacteria spread by the construction of an antibacterial surface takes precedence over post-infection ***,we demonstrate an effective antibacterial surface with strong wear resistance by constructing cationic engineered nanodiamonds(C-NDs).The C-NDs with positive surface potentials interact effectively with bacteria through electrostatic interactions,where the C-NDs act on the phospholipid bilayer and lead to bacterial membrane collapse and rupture through hydrogen bonding and residual surface oxygen-containing reactive *** this case,bactericidal rate of 99.99%and bacterial biofilm inhibition rate of more than 80%can be achieved with the C-NDs concentration of 1 mg/*** addition,the C-NDs show outstanding antibacterial stability,retaining over 87%of the antibacterial effect after stimulation by adverse environments of heat,acid,and external ***,an antibacterial surface with high wear resistance obtained by integrating C-NDs with commercial plastics has been *** antibacterial surface with a mass fraction of 1 wt.%C-NDs improved abrasion resistance by 3981 times,with 99%killing of adherent *** work provides an effective strategy for highly efficient antibacterial wear-resistant surface,showing great practical applications in public health environments.

关键词： antibacterial surface cationic engineered nanodiamonds wear-resistant

In situ embedded bismuth nanoparticles among highly porous carbon fibers for efficient carbon dioxide reduction

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4312-4320页

作者： Wei-Jian guo Ao Zhou wen-wen Cai Jin-Tao Zhang Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education) School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University

Electrocatalysis provides an optimal approach for the conversion of carbon dioxide(CO2) into high-value chemicals, thereby presenting a promising avenue toward achieve carbon neutrality. However, addressing the selectivity and stability challenges of metal catalysts in electrolytic reduction remains a daunting task. In this study, the electrospinning method is employed to fabricate porous carbon nanofibers loaded with bismuth nanoparticles with the help of in situ pyrolysis. The porous carbon nanofibers as conductive support would facilitate the dispersion of bismuth active sites while inhibiting their aggregation and promoting the mass transfer, thus enhancing their electrocatalytic activity and stability. Additionally, nitrogen doping induces electron delocalization in bismuth atoms through metal-support interactions, thus enabling efficient adsorption of intermediates for improving selectivity based on the theoretical calculation. Consequently, Bi@PCNF-500 exhibits the exceptional selectivity and stability across a wide range of potential windows. Notably, its faradaic efficiency(FE) of formate reaches 92.7% in H-cell and94.9% in flow cell, respectively, with good electrocatalytic stability. The in situ characterization and theoretical calculations elucidate the plausible reaction mechanism to obtain basic rules for designing efficient electrocatalyst.

关键词： Carbon dioxide reduction Electron delocalization N-doping Porous carbon nanofiber

Cryptic diversity and rampant hybridization in annual gentians on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau revealed by population genomic analysis

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Plant Diversity 2024年第2期46卷 194-205页

作者： Peng-Cheng Fu Qiao-Qiao guo Di Chang Qing-Bo Gao shan-shan Sun School of Life Science Luoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang 471934PR China Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810001PR China

Understanding the evolutionary and ecological processes involved in population differentiation and speciation provides critical insights into biodiversity formation. In this study, we employed 29,865 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and complete plastomes to examine genomic divergence and hybridization in Gentiana aristata, which is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) region. Genetic clustering revealed that G. aristata is characterized by geographic genetic structures with five clusters(West, East, Central, South and North). The West cluster has a specific morphological character(i.e., blue corolla) and higher values of FSTcompared to the remaining clusters, likely the result of the geological barrier formed by the Yangtze River. The West cluster diverged from the other clusters in the Early Pliocene;these remaining clusters diverged from one another in the Early Quaternary. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on SNPs and plastid data revealed substantial cyto-nuclear conflicts. Genetic clustering and D-statistics demonstrated rampant hybridization between the Central and North clusters,along the Bayankala Mountains, which form the geological barrier between the Central and North clusters. Species distribution modeling demonstrated the range of G. aristata expanded since the Last Interglacial period. Our findings provide genetic and morphological evidence of cryptic diversity in G. aristata, and identified rampant hybridization between genetic clusters along a geological *** findings suggest that geological barriers and climatic fluctuations have an important role in triggering diversification as well as hybridization, indicating that cryptic diversity and hybridization are essential factors in biodiversity formation within the QTP region.

关键词： Gentiana aristata Hybrid zone Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Plastome Nuclear SNPs