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Concentrations and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Topsoil of Benxi City, Northeast China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2011年第2期21卷 185-194页

作者： LI Fengmei guo shuhai WU Bo YE Hanfeng Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination of topsoil in Benxi City, Northeast China was investigated in this study, and sampling sites were located in industrial area and residential area. Results demonstrate that there is high variability in the total PAHs concentrations, ranging from 783.00 ng/g to 729 076.29 ng/g dry weight in the topsoil of Benxi City and the pollution in industrial area is the most serious. The results also present that higher molecular weight PAHs (4–6 rings) contribute substantially (79.03%) to the overall content of PAHs. The PAHs sources were determined with factor analysis by nonnegative constraints, and the results show that PAHs originating from traffic tunnel, power plant, coke oven and residential emission sources, account for 27.10%, 40.81%, 20.11% and 11.98%, respectively, of the total. The PAHs pollution is the most serious around Benxi Iron and Steel Group Corporation, and the PAHs mainly originate from coke oven and traffic tunnel, with the average contribution rate of 57.40% and 42.60%, respectively. The source apportionment results are basically consistent with the industry distribution, and the geographical and climatic characteristics of the study area.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentration characteristics source apportionment factor analysis

Water Quality Evaluation in Tidal River Reaches of Liaohe River Estuary, China Using a Revised QUAL2K Model

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Chinese Geographical Science 2013年第3期23卷 301-311页

作者： YE Hanfeng guo shuhai LI Fengmei LI Gang Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Rivers in the Liaohe River Estuary area have been seriously polluted by discharges of wastewater containing petroleum pol- lutants and nutrients. In this paper, The Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model （QUAL2K） and its revised model as well as One-dimensional Tide Mean Model （1D model） were applied to predict and assess the water quality of the tidal fiver reach of the Liaohe River Estuary. Dissolved oxygen （DO）, biochemical oxygen demand （BODs）, ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） and total phosphorus （TP） were chosen as water quality indices in the two model simulations. The modelled results show that the major reasons for degraded rivers remain petroleum and non-point source pollution. Tidal water also has a critical effect on the variation of water quality. The sensitivity analysis identifies that flow rate, point load and diffuse load are the most sensitive parameters for the four water quality indices in the revised QUAL2K simulation. Uncertainty analysis based on a Monte Carlo simulation gives the probability distribution of the four wa- ter quality indices at two locations （6.50 km and 44.84 km from the river mouth）. The statistical outcomes indicate that the observed data fall within the 90% confidence intervals at all sites measured, and show that the revised QUAL2K gives better results in simulating the water quality of a tidal fiver.

关键词： tidal river reach water quality evaluation revised QUAL2K model uncertainty analysis Liaohe River Estuary

Spatial pattern and distribution regularity of soil environmental quality in East China

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2015年第3期34卷 330-337页

作者： Zhang Lingyan Wu Bo Li Gang guo shuhai Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Random numbers of heavy metal(Cd, As, and Pb) concentrations were created by Monte Carlo simulation of 16 representative sites in five soil zones from published papers for subsequent research. Ordinary kriging and significant analyses were used in a dataset of the 16 *** of heavy metals in topsoil was found to be mainly influenced by zonality, non-zonality, and anthropogenic inputs. Nevertheless, human-induced correlations among heavy metals could not be detected on a regional spatial scale. Soil zone and landform were found to be representations of zonality and non-zonality, *** was found that in east China, heavy metals accumulated in the south, especially the southwest, and were not uniform in each soil zone, indicating that zonality was not the unique influencing factor of soil environment quality. Both soil zone and landform may be responsible for heavy metal concentrations. An analysis of variance, coefficients of divergence analysis, was applied to assess the effects of soil zone and landforms on the variation of heavy metal concentrations in the study region. The influence of soil zone and landform was relatively homogeneous in areas of the north; while in the south, landform played a dominating role. Therefore, soil environment quality formed mainly under the effect of landform. This was mainly due to the fact that landform in fluences other natural environment elements including climate, further impacting the division of soil zone.

关键词：土壤环境质量分布规律空间格局华东地区重金属浓度非地带性气候地貌蒙特卡罗模拟

An assessment of the effectiveness and impact of electrokinetic remediation for pyrene-contaminated soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2290-2297页

作者： Sujuan Xu shuhai guo Bo Wu Fengmei Li Tingting Li Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation for pyrene-contaminated soil was investigated by an anode-cathode separated system using a salt bridge. The applied constant voltage was 24 V and the electrode gap was 24 cm. Two types of soil （sandy soil and loam soil） were selected because of their different conductive capabilities. The initial concentrations of pyrene in these soil samples were 261.3 mg/kg sandy soil and 259.8 mg/kg loam soil After treatment of the sandy soil and loam soil for seven days, 56.8% and 20.1% of the pyrene had been removed respectively. Under the same power supply voltage, the removal of the pollutant from the sandy soil was greater than that from the loam soil, due to the higher current and lower pH. Further analysis revealed that the effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation was affected by the energy expenditure, and was associated with changes in soil properties.

关键词： Electrokinetie remediation Anode-cathode separated system Electrochemical oxidation Soil Pyrene

Effect of electric intensity on the microbial degradation of petroleum pollutants in soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第9期22卷 1381-1386页

作者： Tingting Li shuhai guo Bo Wu Fengmei Li Zhixin Niu Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Electro-bioremediation is an innovative method to remedy organic-polluted soil. However, the principle of electrokinetic technology enhancing the function of microbes, especially the relationship of electric intensity and biodegradation efficiency, is poorly investigated. Petroleum was employed as a target organic pollutant at a level of 50 g/kg （mass of petroleum/mass of dry soil）. A direct current power supply was used for tests with a constant direct current electric voltage （1.0 V/cm）. The petroleum concentrations Were measured at 3275-3285 nm after extraction using hexane, the group composition of crude oil was analyzed by column chromatography. The water content of soil was kept 25% （m/m）. The results indicated the degradation process was divided into two periods： from day 1 to day 40, from day 41 to day 100. The treatment of soil with an appropriate electric field led the bacteria to have a persistent effect in the whole period of 100 days. The highest biodegradation efficiency of 45.5% was obtained after treatment with electric current and bacteria. The electric-bioremediation had a positive effect on alkane degradation. The degradation rate of alkane was 1.6 times higher in the soil exposed to electric current than that treated with bacteria for 100 days. A proper direct current could stimulate the microbial activities and accelerate the biodegradation of petroleum. There was a positive correlation between the electric intensities and the petroleum bioremediation efficiencies with a coefficient of 0.9599.

关键词： electro-bioremediation electric filed microbial activity petroleum

Effects of reducing agent and approaching anodes on chromium removal in electrokinetic soil remediation

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第2期10卷 253-261页

作者： Xiaona WEI shuhai guo Bo WU Fengmei LI Gang LI Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

A soil remediation method combining in situ reduction of Cr（VI） with approaching anodes electroki- netic （AAs-EK） remediation is proposed. EK experiments were conducted to compare the effect of approaching anodes （AAs） and fixed electrodes （FEs） with and without sodium bisulfite （NaHSO3） as a reducing agent. When NaHSO3 was added to the soil before EK treatment, 90.3% of the Cr（VI） was reduced to Cr（III）. EK experiments showed that the adverse effect of contrasting migration of Cr（III） and Cr（VI） species, which limits the practical application of this technique, was eliminated in the presence of the reducing agent. Furthermore, Tessier fractionation analysis indicated that the reducing agent changed the distribution of the chemical forms of Cr. The AAs-EK method was shown to acidize the soil as the anode moved toward the cathode and this acid front pushed the ＂focusing＂ region toward the cathode. After remedia- tion, the pH of the soil was between 1.8 and 5.0 in AAs-EK experiments. The total Cr removal efficiency was 64.4% （except in the ＂focusing＂ region） when the reduction reaction was combined with AAs-EK method. We conclude that AAs-EK remediation in the presence of NaHSO3 is an appropriate method for Cr-contaminated soil.

关键词： chromium reduction reaction contrastingmigration approaching anode electrokinetic

Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of chromium- contaminated soil using approaching anodes

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第6期6卷 869-874页

作者： Shucai LI Tingting LI Gang LI Fengmei LI shuhai guo Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

As a new technology used for the cleaning of chromium-contaminated soil, worldwide interest in ele- trokinetic （EK） remediation has grown considerably in recent times. However, owing to the fact that chromium exists as both cationic and anionic species in the soil, it is not an efficient method. This paper reports upon a study in which a process using approaching anodes （AAs） was used to enhance the removal efficiency of chromium by eletrokinetics. Two bench-scale experiments to remove chromium from contaminated soil were performed, one using a fixed anode （FA） and the other using AAs. In the AAs experiment, the anode moved toward the cathode by 7 cm every three days. After remediation, soil pH, total chromium, and fractionation of chromium in the soil were determined. The average removal efficiency of total chromium was 11.32% and 18.96% in the FA and AAs experiments, respectively. After remediation, acidic soil conditions throughout the soil were generated through the use of AAs, while 80% of the soil remained neutral or alkalic when using the FA approach. The acidic soil environment and high field intensity in the AAs experi- ment might have favored chromium desorption, dissolu- tion and dissociation from the soil, plus the mobility of chromium in the soil was also enhanced. The results demonstrate that AAs used in the process of EK remediation can enhance the efficiency of chromium removal from soil.

关键词： approaching anodes chromium-contaminatedsoil electrokinetics chromium fractionation

Combination of the direct electro-Fenton process and bioremediation for the treatment of pyrene-contaminated soil in a slurry reactor

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第6期9卷 1096-1107页

作者： Wendi XU shuhai guo Gang LI Fengmei LI Bo WU Xinhong GAN Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

A combined treatment technology （DEF-BIO） using the direct electro-Fenton （DEF） process and bioremediation （BIO） was established in this study. The performance of the DEF-BIO process on the remediation of a pyrene （PYR）-contaminated soil was evaluated in a slurry reactor. The appropriate order of application was to conduct the DEF process followed by BIO, evaluated through analysis of the degradation characteristics of each process individually. In addition, the application time of the DEF process affected the efficiency of the combined process. The optimum time to apply the DEF process was determined through an analysis of the induced changes in PYR intermediates, pH, soil organic matter （SOM） and bacteria. The optimum application time of the DEF process was 6 h. All the induced changes were beneficial for the BIO phase. The removal of PYR was 91.02% for DEF- BIO after 72h, and the efficiency was almost 50% increased, compared with the individual DEF and BIO treatments. Therefore, the combined process of DEF-BIO process may be an efficient and promising method for the remediation.

关键词： direct electro-Fenton bioremediation slurryreactor combined process pyrene

典型油田区油污土壤微生物群落区域性分布研究

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环境科学学报 2021年第11期41卷 4660-4675页

作者：荆佳维王卅郭书海中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所沈阳110016 中国科学院大学北京100049 污染土壤生物-物化协同修复技术国家地方联合工程实验室沈阳110016

石油污染改变土壤微生态环境,驱动了土壤微生物群落结构的演替与进化.为了深入探究油田区油污土壤中微生物群落分布特征,揭示区域性的土壤微生物群落结构成因,采用Miseq平台的16S rDNA扩增子测序技术分析了辽河油田和大庆油田区6组共计1... 详细信息

石油污染改变土壤微生态环境,驱动了土壤微生物群落结构的演替与进化.为了深入探究油田区油污土壤中微生物群落分布特征,揭示区域性的土壤微生物群落结构成因,采用Miseq平台的16S rDNA扩增子测序技术分析了辽河油田和大庆油田区6组共计18个土壤样品的微生物群落多样性及结构组成,并结合土壤环境因子指标剖析了群落结构成因,进而预测了具有石油代谢能力的功能菌属.结果表明,石油含量随着距井口距离增加而减少,石油的空间分布特征是影响微生物群落结构变化的关键因子,6组土壤样品的OTU分属于49门、131纲、169目、328科和564属,微生物种群多样性随着污油浓度的增加而减小;两油田共有5个相同优势菌门,2种优势菌属;辽河油田区独特优势菌门为Saccharibacteria门,优势菌属为微枝形杆菌属(Microvirga)、分支杆菌属(Mycobacterium)和Defluviicoccus属;大庆油田独特优势菌门为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),独特优势菌属包括盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、食烷菌属(Alcanivorax)和海杆菌属(Marinobacter)等.冗余分析(RDA)结果表明污油组成是微生物群落差异性分布的决定性因素,胶质的高含量与强毒性诱导辽河油田区微生物群落获得较强的胁迫抗性;同时区域生态环境背景差异也是影响微生物群落整体胁迫抗性的重要因子.结合PICRUSt分析预测,共发现2种辽河油田区和5种大庆油田区石油功能降解优势菌属,为石油降解功能菌剂的种质资源的高效开发提供目标菌株.

关键词：油田土壤微生物群落环境因子污油组成高通量测序