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Status and trends of carbon emissions research at the county level in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 338-352页

作者： Ang-Zu CAI ru guo Yu-Hao ZHANG Jiang WU College of Environmental Science and Engineering Institute of Environmental Planning and ManagementTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Megacity Elaborated Urban Governance Institute Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges to achieving carbon neutrality at the county level in China and offers targeted recommendations,laying the groundwork for future specialized research in this area.A total of 283 relevant studies(2004-2023)were analyzed to assess county-level carbon emissions through three phases:bibliometric analysis,frontier analysis,and future prospects.Bibliometric findings reveal that publication trends were largely influenced by domestic and foreign policies.Keyword cluster discerns ten primary themes,ranging from conceptual frameworks to research methodologies.The frontier analysis of the literature highlights the leading research areas,which include carbon neutrality pathway,driving factors,spatiotemporal variation of carbon emissions,the co-effects of pollutants and carbon reduction,and carbon emissions in China's rural areas.Drawing from the results of bibliometric and frontier analyses,this study elucidates the recommendations for achieving carbon neutrality at the county level from three perspectives:effective regional policy guidance,emphasis on ecological conservation,and the deployment of advanced carbon reduction and sequestration technologies.This study enriches the body of knowledge on carbon emissions at the county level and holds significant implications for China's comprehensive push towards achieving its carbon neutrality objectives.

关键词： Carbon emissions Emission reduction County Carbon neutrality Sustainability

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化学诱导临近效应和分子胶药物

药学学报 2024年第4期59卷 789-800页

作者：郭宗儒中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所北京100050

生物界存在的化学诱导临近效应是维持机体和细胞功能的重要方式,近年来诱导临近在医药领域受到了重视和应用,分子胶和蛋白靶向降解嵌合体(PROTAC)在肿瘤和免疫性疾病的治疗得到广泛的研究。分子胶和PROTAC促进两个蛋白相互靠近,诱导契... 详细信息

生物界存在的化学诱导临近效应是维持机体和细胞功能的重要方式,近年来诱导临近在医药领域受到了重视和应用,分子胶和蛋白靶向降解嵌合体(PROTAC)在肿瘤和免疫性疾病的治疗得到广泛的研究。分子胶和PROTAC促进两个蛋白相互靠近,诱导契合发生三元体的互补性结合,并激发目标蛋白的降解和调节信号转导。分子胶药物作用机制与传统小分子药物不同,犹如催化剂样作用促进两个蛋白的相互作用使病理性靶标蛋白降解而失活。本文从药物化学视角对处于临床研究的某些分子胶的研制过程、结构特征和作用特点作简要的讨论。

关键词：诱导临近分子胶三元复合物泛素-蛋白酶体系统

教师数字风险素养:出场语境、逻辑框架与提升进路

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现代教育技术 2024年第4期34卷 69-79页

作者：罗儒国华中师范大学教育学院湖北武汉430079

当前,作为推动教育数字化转型的中坚力量和根本依靠,教师数字风险素养已成为影响教育数字化转型与教育高质量发展的重要因素,但国内学者尚未对此进行深入探讨。为此,文章首先探讨了教师数字风险素养的内涵和出场语境,认为提升教师数字... 详细信息

当前,作为推动教育数字化转型的中坚力量和根本依靠,教师数字风险素养已成为影响教育数字化转型与教育高质量发展的重要因素,但国内学者尚未对此进行深入探讨。为此,文章首先探讨了教师数字风险素养的内涵和出场语境,认为提升教师数字风险素养是构筑国家数字安全体系、助推教育数字化转型的必然要求,也是有效开展数字风险教育、构建高品质数字生活的现实诉求;然后,文章探讨了教师数字风险素养的逻辑框架,包括数字风险意识、数字风险知识、数字风险能力、数字风险道德四个维度;最后,文章从个体自觉、学校支持、专业引领、条件保障等角度,提出教师数字风险素养的提升策略,以期为教师数字风险素养的模型构建、现实观照及其培养提供参考。

关键词：数字化时代数字风险素养风险素养标准数字风险教育

数字隐私保护的权利体系构造——基于数字隐私的信息及数据重塑

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行政法学研究 2024年第2期 133-144页

作者：郭如愿北京物资学院法学院北京101149

在互联网情境中,个人不仅彻底失去“空间”与“活动”的天然屏障,还以直观的信息形式裸露于数字情境。虚拟数字情境打破隐私、个人信息及信息三者之间相对泾渭分明的分布格局,使个人信息、信息及数据皆有成为数字隐私的可能性,但传统隐... 详细信息

在互联网情境中,个人不仅彻底失去“空间”与“活动”的天然屏障,还以直观的信息形式裸露于数字情境。虚拟数字情境打破隐私、个人信息及信息三者之间相对泾渭分明的分布格局,使个人信息、信息及数据皆有成为数字隐私的可能性,但传统隐私权难以有效保护数字隐私。要实现数字隐私保护,除依靠权利人积极主张权利外,还需要相对人的充分“合作”与“自愿”履行,只有确保权利人与相对人的“权利配置”能力相匹配,才能保证数字隐私保护的高效“权利配置”。基于此,有必要将数字隐私可能遭受侵害的动态情境,类型化为“收集-分析-保存”数字隐私的保护情境,并将信息化及数据化隐私决定的“知情权”,信息化隐私决定的“同意权”与“删除权”,以及数据化隐私决定的“不被洞察权”与“退出权”,按照权利配置标准嵌入数字隐私动态保护情境,以此构造出高效的数字隐私保护权利体系。

关键词：数字隐私信息数据隐私权权利体系

A novel live attenuated vaccine candidate protects chickens against subtype B avian metapneumovirus

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1658-1670页

作者： Lingzhai Meng Mengmeng Yu Suyan Wang Yuntong Chen Yuanling Bao Peng Liu Xiaoyan Feng Tana He ru guo Tao Zhang Mingxue Hu Changjun Liu Xiaole Qi Kai Li Li Gao Yanping Zhang Hongyu Cui Yulong Gao Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionHarbin Veterinary Research InstituteChineseAcademy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin150069China Avian ImmunosuppressiveDiseases DivisionStateKey LaboratoryforAnimal Disease Cont National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center Harbin 150069China

Avian metapneumovirus(aMPV) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes acute upper respiratory tract diseases in chickens and turkeys, resulting in serious economic losses. Subtype B aMPV has recently become the dominant epidemic strain in China. We developed an attenuated aMPV subtype B strain by serial passaging in Vero cells and evaluated its safety and efficacy as a vaccine candidate. The safety test showed that after the 30th passage, the LN16-A strain was fully attenuated, as clinical signs of infection and histological lesions were absent after inoculation.The LN16-A strain did not revert to a virulent strain after five serial passages in chickens. The genomic sequence of LN16-A differed from that of the parent wild-type LN16(wtLN16) strain and had nine amino acid mutations. In chickens, a single immunization with LN16-A induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses, including the abundant production of neutralizing antibodies, CD4^(+) T lymphocytes, and the Th1(IFN-γ) and Th2(IL-4 and IL-6)cytokines. We also confirmed that LN16-A provided 100% protection against subtype B aMPV and significantly reduced viral shedding and turbinate inflammation. Our findings suggest that the LN16-A strain is a promising live attenuated vaccine candidate that can prevent infection with subtype B aMPV.

关键词： avian metapneumovirus attenuated protection vaccine candidate chickens

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高校体育课程思政实践模型与深化策略

体育文化导刊 2024年第1期 97-102页

作者：郭吉茹宋娟上海体育大学经济管理学院上海200438 西安体育学院艺术学院西安710068

运用文献资料法等,构建高校体育课程思政实践模型,并提出深化策略。高校体育课程思政实践经验:消除主体行为惰性,规避思政建设偏差,破除思政执行梗阻,提升行动育人效果。深化策略:提升能力,实现有效组织动员;建设制度,深化高效质量管理... 详细信息

运用文献资料法等,构建高校体育课程思政实践模型,并提出深化策略。高校体育课程思政实践经验:消除主体行为惰性,规避思政建设偏差,破除思政执行梗阻,提升行动育人效果。深化策略:提升能力,实现有效组织动员;建设制度,深化高效质量管理;共享资源,达成广泛协同辅助;塑造价值,巩固支撑教学教研。

关键词：体育教育高校体育课程思政实践模型深化策略

Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors prescriptions in Chinese hospitalized chronic kidney disease patients

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第17期12卷 3061-3075页

作者： Chun Zhang Zhi-Yu Duan Sa-Sa Nie Zhou Zhang Xin-ru guo Chao-Yang Zhang Jing Dong Guang-Yan Cai Department of Nephrology The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China School of Medicine Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China National Engineering Laboratory for Medical Big Data Application Technology Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China

BACKGROUND Many guidelines have recommended renin-angiotensin system inhibitors(RASI)as the first-line treatment for patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).We studied RASI prescription trends from 2010 to 2019,and analyzed the characteristics associated with RASI prescription in Chinese hospitalized CKD patients.AIM To study the prescription of renin angiotensin system inhibitors in hospitalized patients with CKD in China.METHODS It was retrospectively,cross-sectional reviewed RASI prescriptions in hospitalized CKD patients in China from 2010 to 2019.RASI prescribing trends were analyzed from 2010 to 2019,and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify characteristics associated with RASI prescription.RESULTS A total of 35090 CKD patients were included,with 10043(28.6%)RASI prescriptions.Among these patients,18919(53.9%)met the criteria for RASI treatments based on the 2012 kidney disease:Improving global outcomes guidelines.Of these,7246(38.3%)patients received RASI prescriptions.RASI prescriptions showed an initial rapid increase from 2011 to 2012,reached its peak around 2015 and 2016,and then exhibited a subsequent slight decreasing trend.Both bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that several characteristics,including the male gender,age less than 60-year-old,nephrology department admission,lower CKD stage,history of hypertension or diabetes,proteinuria,glomerulonephritis as the CKD etiology,and non-acute kidney injury were associated with RASI prescriptions.CONCLUSION The frequency of RASI prescriptions showed an initial increase but a slight decreasing trend in more recent years.CKD patients with certain characteristics such as elderly age,advanced disease stage,surgery department admission,or acute kidney injury were less likely to receive RASI prescriptions.In the application of RASI in hospitalized CKD patients is insufficient.The actual clinical practice needs to be improved.The development of related research is helpful to guide the correct choice of clini

关键词： Chronic kidney disease Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors Prescriptions Adherence

城市公园体系游憩服务覆盖绩效评估——以天津市市内六区为例

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中国园林 2024年第3期40卷 89-94页

作者：郭茹王洪成天津大学建筑学院风景园林系天津300072 新加坡国立大学中国风景园林学会中国风景园林学会城市绿化专业委员会天津大学建筑学院天津300072

城市公园体系作为城市公共服务的重要空间组成,合理评估其游憩服务覆盖绩效有助于推进城市基本公共服务的公平公正。统筹评估不同规模城市级、社区级公园的游憩服务覆盖范围差异,从游憩服务供给效率和游憩服务承载强度两方面构建城市公... 详细信息

城市公园体系作为城市公共服务的重要空间组成,合理评估其游憩服务覆盖绩效有助于推进城市基本公共服务的公平公正。统筹评估不同规模城市级、社区级公园的游憩服务覆盖范围差异,从游憩服务供给效率和游憩服务承载强度两方面构建城市公园体系游憩服务覆盖绩效评估体系,并以天津市市内六区公园体系为例进行实证研究,分析其在各街道单元的游憩服务覆盖绩效差异。结果表明,天津市市内六区公园体系游憩服务覆盖绩效在各个街道单元呈现显著不均衡特点,从高到低5个等级的街道单元个数占比分别为11.11%、12.70%、39.68%、20.63%、15.87%。其中,城市公园体系游憩服务覆盖绩效相对较低的街道单元数量是相对较高的街道单元数量的1.53倍,多分布于市内六区中心区域或东西侧、东南侧的边缘区域。研究结果可为多层级多类型城市公园体系的游憩服务覆盖绩效评估及公园体系规划布局决策提供参考。

关键词：风景园林城市公园体系游憩服务绩效评估公园绿地空间分异

Influence of Photovoltaic Effect on Photorefractive Phase Gratings

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Chinese Physics Letters 1995年第10期12卷 617-620页

作者： ZHANG guoquan guo ru Department of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071

We solve the Kukhtarev’s nonlinear equations of the photorefractive effect with the participation of diffusion,drift and the photovoltaic effect without the approximation of linear generation and linear recombination,and especially discuss in detail the effects of photovoltaic field on the photorefractive grating and its equivalence to an applied electric field in the photovoltaic photorefractive materials.

关键词： materials. equivalence approximation