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Diversity of Antioxidant Content and Its Relationship to Grain Color and Morphological Characteristics in Winter Wheat Grains

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第6期13卷 1258-1267页

作者： MA Dong-yun SUN De-xiang ZUO Yi WANG Chen-yang ZHU Yun-ji guo tian-cai National Engineering Research Center for Wheat Henan Agricultural University

The current interest in the health beneifts of whole wheat grain has prompted breeders to further increase the concentration of antioxidants in wheat. The objective of this study was to investigate the variation in antioxidant content among Chinese wheat grains and the relationship between antioxidants and grain color and morphological characteristics. A wide variation was observed in the total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant activity （AOA）, of Chinese wheat varieties. Black wheat had the highest mean total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents and the highest AOA, followed by red and white wheats. The grain color parameters were signiifcantly negatively correlated with total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents and AOA among all of the wheat varieties examined, and grain weight was also signiifcantly negatively correlated with these traits. The same correlation between grain weight and antioxidant traits was also observed within individual groups of wheat, which indicates that grain weight may be used as an index for selecting wheat varieties with high AOA. Landraces had signiifcantly higher lfavonoid content than commercial wheat varieties. The results of this study may be useful for breeding nutrient-rich wheat varieties.

关键词： wheat total phenolic content antioxidant activity flavonoid carotenoid

Exploiting sound for emerging applications of extracellular vesicles

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 462-475页

作者： Zhuhao Wu Hongwei cai Chunhui tian Zheng Ao Lei Jiang Feng guo Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405USA

Extracellular vesicles are nano-to micro-scale,membrane-bound particles released by cells into extracellular space,and act as carriers of biomarkers and therapeutics,holding promising potential in translational ***,the challenges remain in handling and detecting extracellular vesicles for disease diagnosis as well as exploring their therapeutic capability for disease ***,we review the recent engineering and technology advances by leveraging the power of sound waves to address the challenges in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles and biomimetic *** first introduce the fundamental principles of sound waves for understanding different acoustic-assisted extracellular vesicle *** discuss the acoustic-assisted diagnostic methods including the purification,manipulation,biosensing,and bioimaging of extracellular ***,we summarize the recent advances in acoustically enhanced therapeutics using extracellular vesicles and biomimetic ***,we provide perspectives into current challenges and future clinical applications of the promising extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles powered by sound.

关键词： extracellular vesicles exosomes biomimetic nanovesicles acoustics disease diagnostics therapeutics

TSC prediction and dynamic control of BOF steelmaking with state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning methods

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第1期31卷 174-194页

作者： tian-yi Xie cai-dong Zhang Quan-lin Zhou Zhi-qiang tian Shuai Liu Han-jie guo Material Technology Research Institute Hesteel GroupShijiazhuang050023HebeiChina Tangsteel Company Hesteel GroupTangshan063611HebeiChina School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing100048China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China

Mathematical(data-driven)models based on state-of-the-art(SOTA)machine learning and deep learning models and data collected from 12,786 heats were established to predict the values of temperature,sample,and carbon(TSC)test,including temperature of molten steel(TSC-Temp),carbon content(TSC-C)and phosphorus content(TSC-P),which made prepa-ration for eliminating the TSC *** maximize the prediction accuracy of the proposed approach,various models with different inputs were implemented and compared,and the best models were applied to the production process of a Hesteel Group steelmaking plant in China in the *** number of tabular features(hot metal information,scrap,additives,blowing practices,and preset values)was expanded,and time series(off-gas profiles and blowing practice curves)that could reflect the entire steelmaking process were introduced as ***,the latest machine learning models(LightGBM,CatBoost,TabNet,and NODE)were used to make predictions with tabular features,and the best coefficient of determination R^(2)values obtained for TSC-P,TSC-C and TSC-Temp predictions were 0.435(LightGBM),0.857(Cat-Boost)and 0.678(LightGBM),respectively,which were higher than those of classic models(backpropagation and support vector machine).Then,making predictions was performed by using SOTA time series regression models(SCINet,DLinear,Informer,and MLSTM-FCN)with original time series,SOTA image regression models(NesT,caiT,ResNeXt,and GoogLeNet)with resized time series,and the proposed Concatenate-Model and Parallel-Model with both tabular features and time *** optimization and comparisons,it was finally determined that the Concatenate-Model with MLSTM-FCN,SCINet and Informer as feature extractors performed the best,and its R^(2)values for predicting TSC-P,TSC-C and TSC-Temp reached 0.470,0.858 and 0.710,*** field test accuracies for TSC-P,TSC-C and TSC-Temp were 0.459,0.850 and 0.685,respectively.A related importance analysis was carri

关键词： BOF steelmaking In-blow prediction TSC test Machine learning Deep learning Field application

Distribution and accumulation of zinc and nitrogen in wheat grain pearling fractions in response to foliar zinc and soil nitrogen applications

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第12期20卷 3277-3288页

作者： ZHANG Pan-pan CHEN Yu-lu WANG Chen-yang MA Geng LU Jun-jie LIU Jing-bao guo tian-cai State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002P.R.China Cereal Institute Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou 450002P.R.China College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002P.R.China Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Luoyang 471023P.R.China

Increasing zinc(Zn)concentration in wheat grain is important to minimize human dietary Zn *** study aimed to investigate the effect of foliar Zn and soil nitrogen(N)applications on the accumulation and distribution of N and Zn in grain pearling fractions,N remobilization,and the relationships between nutrient concentration in the vegetative tissues and grain or its fractions in two cropping years in the North China *** results showed a progressive decrease in N and Zn concentrations from the outer to the inner parts of grain,with most of the accumulation in the core *** Zn application significantly increased N concentration in the pericarp,and soil N application increased N concentration in each grain *** treatments significantly increased core endosperm Zn *** Zn had no effect on grain N and Zn *** N application made N concentrated in the aleurone,promoted Zn translocation to the core endosperm and also increased N remobilization and its efficiency from the shoot to the grain,but no improved contribution to grain was found.N concentration in grain and its fractions were positively correlated with N in vegetative organs at anthesis and maturity,while positive correlations were obtained between N concentration in the pericarp and progressive central area of the endosperm and Zn concentration in the core ***,foliar Zn and soil N applications effectively increased yield and N and Zn concentrations in the wheat grain,particularly in the endosperm,and could be promising strategies to address Zn deficiency.

关键词： foliar Zn application soil N application winter wheat nutrient distribution N remobilization

Simulation Study on the Structure and Dynamics of Water in Sodium Tetrafluoroborate/Water

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2009年第5期22卷 460-466,I0001页

作者： guo-cai tian Jian Li Yi-xin Hua Faculty of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China

The microstructure, IR spectrum, as well as rotation dynamics of water molecule in sodium tetrafluoroborate （NaBF4）/water mixture at room temperatures were studied with molecular dynamics simulation. Different concentrations of water （6.25%, 25.0%, 50.0%, 75.0%, 90.0%, and 99.6%） in NaBF4/water mixture were simulated to understand the structure and dynamics. It was shown that water molecules tend to be isolated from each other in mixtures with more ions than water molecules in both liquids. With increase of the molar fraction of water in the mixture, the rotation bands and the bending bands of water display red shift whereas the O-H stretch bands show blue shift, and the decay of the reorientation correlation function becomes slower. This suggests that the molecules are hindered and their motions are difficult and slow, due to the hydrogen-bond interactions and the inharmonic interactions between the interor intra-molecular modes.

关键词： Sodium tetrafluoroborate/water mixture Structure and dynamics IR spectrum Reorientation dynamics Time correlation function Molecular dynamics simulation

Grain yield and water use of winter wheat as affected by water and sulfur supply in the North China Plain

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第3期16卷 614-625页

作者： XIE Ying-xin ZHANG Hui ZHU Yun-ji ZHAO Li YANG Jia-heng CHA Fei-na LIU Cao WANG Chen-yang guo tian-cai State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P.R.China College of Resources and Environment Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P.R. China Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhoukou 466001 P.R. China Zhengzhou Meteorological Bureau Zhengzhou 450000 P.R. China

Water shortage has threatened sustainable development of agriculture globally as well as in the North China Plain（NCP）.Irrigation,as the most effective way to increase food production in dry land,may not be readily available in the situation of *** of the alternatives is to supply plants with enough nutrients so that they can be more sustainable to the water *** objective of this study was to explore effects of irrigation and sulphur（S）application on water consumption,dry matter accumulation（DMA）,and grain yield of winter wheat in *** irrigation regimes including no irrigation（rainfed,I0）during the whole growth period,once irrigation only at jointing stage（90 mm,I1）,and twice respective irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages（90 mm plus 90 mm,I2）,and two levels of S application including 0S0and 60 kg ha^–1（S60）were designed in the field experiment in *** showed that increasing irrigation times significantly increased mean grain yield of wheat by 12.5–23.7%and nitrogen partial factor productivity（NPFP）by 21.2–45.0%in two wheat seasons,but markedly decreased crop water use efficiency（YWUE）.Furthermore,S supply 60 kg ha^–1 significantly increased mean grain yield,YWUE,IWUE and NPFP by 5.6,6.1,23.2,and 5.6%（across two wheat seasons）,***,we also found that role of soil moisture prior to S application was one of important greater factors on improving the absorption and utilization of storage water and nutrients of ***,water supply is still the most important factor to restrict the growth of wheat in the present case of NCP,supplying 60 kg ha^–1 S with once irrigation 90 mm at the jointing stage is a relatively appropriate recommended combination to improve grain yield and WUE of wheat when saving water resources is be considered in irrigated wheat farmlands of NCP.

关键词： sulphur irrigation winter wheat grain yield water use efficiency 1

High-current pulsed electron beam modification on microstructure and performance of Cu/CuW diffusion bonding joints

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2819-2831页

作者： Na-Na tian Cong-Lin Zhang Peng Lyu Jin-Tong Guan Jie cai Qing-Feng Guan Shun guo School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China School of Material Science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of TechnologyYancheng 221051China Engineering Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Modern Equipment Technology Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

This study investigates the influence of high-current pulsed electron beam(HCPEB)modification on the microstructure and shear strength of Cu/CuW *** solid-state diffusion bonding of modified-Cu(MCu)and modified-CuW(M-CuW)was achieved by HCPEB modification pretreatment at a temperature of 800-900℃and a pressure of 5 MPa for 10-50 *** demonstrate that HCPEB modification facilitates the dissolution of W and Cu,resulting in the formation of a Cu_(0.4)W_(0.6)solid solution and thus enhancing the uniform distribution of ***,HCPEB-induced defects play a beneficial role in promoting the diffusion process by providing fast diffusion paths for *** optimal joints with the maximum shear strength of 213.7 MPa were obtained through bonding M-Cu and M-CuW at 900℃and 5 MPa for 30 min,which attributes to the combined effects of fine-grained strengthening and solid solution ***,the application of HCPEB modification showcases its effectiveness in promoting element diffusion and enhancing the mechanical performance of the joints.

关键词： HCPEB Element diffusion Shear strength Crystal defects Surface modification

干旱胁迫条件下外源褪黑素提高小麦穗花发育和穗粒数的机理

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植物营养与肥料学报 2024年第8期30卷 1477-1489页

作者：王璐媛刘淋茹袁鑫茹张艳艳张荣段剑钊贺利冯伟王志强王永华郭天财河南农业大学农学院河南郑州450046 国家小麦工程技术研究中心河南郑州450046 教育部作物生长发育调控重点实验室河南郑州450046

【目的】探究外源褪黑素(melatonin,MT)对水分胁迫下小麦穗花发育及抗氧化能力的调控效应,为采用化控方法有效缓解干旱胁迫对小麦的危害提供技术支撑。【方法】以多穗型品种‘豫麦49-198’和大穗型品种‘周麦22’为试验材料,设置3种土... 详细信息

【目的】探究外源褪黑素(melatonin,MT)对水分胁迫下小麦穗花发育及抗氧化能力的调控效应,为采用化控方法有效缓解干旱胁迫对小麦的危害提供技术支撑。【方法】以多穗型品种‘豫麦49-198’和大穗型品种‘周麦22’为试验材料,设置3种土壤含水量处理:田间持水量的70%~80%(W1)、60%~70%(W2)、50%~60%(W3)。在小麦小花退化高峰期前进行叶面喷施100μmol/L外源MT处理,并以清水为对照(CK),自叶面喷施MT 3天起至开花期,每3天取1次样,在EMZ-TR解剖镜下观察小麦主茎幼穗分化进程,记录分化小花数、可孕小花数及小花分化各阶段特征。然后将小麦植株分为茎(茎+叶鞘)、叶、穗三部分,调查干重、含水量、顶展叶片过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))和丙二醛(MDA)含量,以及抗氧化相关酶(SOD、POD)活性。【结果】与W1处理相比,W2和W3处理下两品种小麦小花总分化小花数、退化结点小花数、可孕小花数和穗粒数均降低,同时小麦植株含水量下降,顶展叶片H_(2)O_(2)和MDA含量升高。喷施外源MT可以改善两品种小麦小花发育质量,减少小花退化,增加退化结点小花数、可孕小花数,提高结实穗粒数,对品种周麦22的促进效应高于豫麦49-198。外源MT有效降低了小麦顶展叶片H2O2和MDA含量,其中豫麦49-198和周麦22的H2O2降幅分别为6.83%~15.16%、7.60%~17.06%,MDA降幅分别为5.80%~15.31%、6.94%~16.83%;有效提高了两品种顶展叶片SOD和CAT抗氧化酶活性,豫麦49-198和周麦22的SOD活性提升幅度分别为4.25%~13.39%和5.62%~14.49%,CAT活性提升幅度分别为4.86%~15.68%和5.42%~16.50%,对品种周麦22的调控效应高于豫麦49-198。喷施外源MT有效提高了两品种小麦抗氧化能力和抗旱性,进而促进干物质生产和提高穗器官干物质积累量,在喷施处理后第15天时,豫麦49-198和周麦22喷施MT处理的穗器官干物质积累量相比于喷施清水处理分别平均提高6.66%~11.72%和8.06%~12.52%,为小花的生长发育提供了营养物质保障。【结论】在小麦小花退化高峰前喷施外源MT可以有效改善植株水分状况,提高干旱胁迫下小麦叶片的抗氧化能力和叶片质膜的稳定性,近而提升小麦物质生产能力,为小花发育和结实提供充足的营养保障,提高可孕小花数和结实穗粒数。

关键词：水分胁迫褪黑素穗花发育抗氧化特性干物质积累

Optimized silicon fertilization regime weakens cadmium translocation and increases its biotransformation in rice tissues

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The Crop Journal 2024年第4期12卷 1041-1053页

作者： Bogui Pan Yixia cai Kunzheng cai Jihui tian Wei Wang College of Natural Resources and Environment South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642GuangdongChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture Guangzhou 510642GuangdongChina Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangzhou 510642GuangdongChina College of Agriculture South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642GuangdongChina

In acidic paddy fields of South China,rice(Oryza sativa L.)faces the dual challenges of cadmium(Cd)toxicity and silicon(Si)*** previous studies have highlighted the functions of Si application timing and strategies in mitigating Cd-stressed rice,the precise mechanisms underlying the health restoration of Cd-toxic rice and the assurance of grain safety remain *** study explored Cd translocation and detoxification in the shoots of rice regulated by various Si fertilization regimes:Si(T)(all Si added before transplanting),Si(J)(all Si added at jointing),and Si(TJ)(half Si added both before transplanting and at jointing).The findings revealed that the regime of Si(TJ)was more beneficial to rice health and grain safety than Si(T)and Si(J).The osmotic regulators such as proline,soluble sugars,and soluble proteins were significantly boosted by Si(TJ)compared to other Si treatments,and which enhanced membrane integrity,balanced intracellular pH,and increased Cd tolerance of ***,Si(TJ)was more effective than Si(T)and Si(J)on the Cd sequestration in the cell wall,Cd bio-passivation,and the down-regulated expression of the Cd transport *** concentrations of Cd in the xylem and phloem treated with Si(TJ)were reduced ***,Si(TJ)facilitated much more Cd bound with the outer layer proteins of grains,and promoted Cd chelation and complexation by phytic acid,phenolics,and ***,Si(TJ)outperformed Si(T)and Si(J)in harmonizing the phycological processes,inhibiting Cd translocation,and enhancing Cd detoxification in rice *** the split Si application strategy offers potential for reducing Cd toxicity in rice grain.

关键词： Cadmium Silicon Growth stages Translocation and accumulation Rice Safe production