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Climate change impacts on eutrophication in the Po River(Italy):Temperature-mediated reduction in nitrogen export but no effect on phosphorus

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 148-163页

作者： Elisa Soana maria Pia Gervasio Tommaso Granata Daniela Colombo giuseppe Castaldelli Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences University of FerraraVia Luigi Borsari 4644121 FerraraItaly CESI-Italian Electrical and Technical Experimental Center via Rubattino 5420134MilanoItaly

Rivers worldwide are under stress from eutrophication and nitrate pollution,but the ecological consequences overlap with climate change,and the resulting interactions may be unexpected and still *** Po River basin(northern Italy)is one of the most agriculturally productive and densely populated areas in *** remains unclear whether the climate change impacts on the thermal and hydrological regimes are already affecting nutrient dynamics and transport to coastal *** present work addresses the long-term trends(1992-2020)of nitrogen and phosphorus export by investigating both the annual magnitude and the seasonal patterns and their relationship with water temperature and discharge *** the constant diffuse and point sources in the basin,a marked decrease(-20%)in nitrogen export,mostly as nitrate,was recorded in the last decade compared to the 1990 s,while no significant downward trend was observed for *** water temperature of the Po River has warmed,with the most pronounced signals in summer(+0.13℃/year)and autumn(+0.16℃/year),together with the strongest increase in the number of warm days(+70%-80%).An extended seasonal window of warm temperatures and the persistence of low flow periods are likely to create favorable conditions for permanent nitrate removal via denitrification,resulting in a lower delivery of reactive nitrogen to the *** present results show that climate change-driven warming may enhance nitrogen processing by increasing respiratory river metabolism,thereby reducing export from spring to early autumn,when the risk of eutrophication in coastal zones is higher.

关键词： Nutrient export Eutrophication Climate change Water temperature Denitrification Po River

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Has the open surgical approach in colorectal cancer really become uncommon?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1485-1492页

作者： maria Cariati giuseppe Brisinda maria Michela Chiarello Department of Surgery Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di CrotoneCrotone 88900Italy Abdominal and Endocrine Metabolic Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Department of Surgery Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di CosenzaCosenza 87100Italy

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the *** is man-datory to treat patients with colorectal *** colorectal cancer be treated in laparoscopy?Scientific literature has validated the oncological quality of laparo-scopic approach for the treatment of patients with colorectal *** non-inferiority trials with good remote control have answered positively to this long-debated *** as 1994,first publications demonstrated technical feasibility and compliance with oncological imperatives and,as far as short-term outcomes are concerned,there is no difference in terms of mortality and post-operative morbidity between open and minimally invasive surgical approaches,but only longer operating times at the beginning of the ***,from 2007 onwards,long-term results were published that demonstrated the ab-sence of a significant difference regarding overall survival,disease-free survival,quality of life,local and distant recurrence rates between open and minimally in-vasive *** this editorial,we aim to summarize the clinical and technical aspects which,even today,make the use of open surgery relevant and necessary in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Laparoscopy Laparoscopic colorectal resection Bowel obstruction Bowel perforation Advanced colorectal cancer

How to identify early complications in patients undergoing distal gastrectomy?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第4期16卷 974-981页

作者： giuseppe Tropeano maria Michela Chiarello Valeria Fico giuseppe Brisinda Emergency Surgery and Trauma Center Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Department of Surgery Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di CosenzaCosenza 87100Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy

In this editorial we comment on the article by Zhang et al published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal *** with appropriate lymph node dissection is still standard curative treatment in locally advanced gastric *** studies point out that gastric cancer surgery is a complex procedure that leads to a high risk of morbidity and *** factors can contribute to the onset of complications with consequent effects on prognosis and increased *** complications can be divided in complications related to anastomosis,to motility and to surgical site *** study presented by Zhang B et al represent an interesting analysis on the possibility to prevent postoperative *** study was performed on 131 patients with distal gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy with D2 lymph node *** these patients,16%developed early postoperative *** univariate analysis showed that prealbumin level,hypertension,diabetes,history of abdominal surgery,R0 resection,and blood transfusion were factors influencing early postoperative complications after distal ***,the inclusion of the above significant variables in the logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension,diabetes,a history of abdominal surgery,and blood transfusion were independent predictors of postoperative *** conclusion,preoperative and intraoperative factors can be used to establish an early postoperative nomogram *** results of the study presented by Zhang et al suggest that the prediction model can be used to guide the detection of postoperative complications and has clinical reference value.

关键词： Gastric cancer Gastrectomy Lymph node dissection Morbidity Mortality Surgical site infections

Indocyanine green:The guide to safer and more effective surgery

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 641-649页

作者： Pietro Fransvea maria Michela Chiarello Valeria Fico maria Cariati giuseppe Brisinda Emergency Surgery and Trauma Center Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Department of Surgery Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di CosenzaCosenza 87100Italy Department of Surgery Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di CrotoneCrotone 88900Italy Department of Abdominal and Endocrine Metabolic Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy

In this editorial we comment on the article by Kalayarasan and co-workers published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal *** authors present an interesting review on the use of indocyanine green fluo-rescence in different aspects of abdominal *** also highlight future perspectives of the use of indocyanine green in mini-invasive ***-cyanine green,used for fluorescence imaging,has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration and is safe for use in *** can be administered in-travenously or *** its advent,there have been several advance-ments in the applications of indocyanine green,especially in the surgical field,such as intraoperative mapping and biopsy of sentinel lymph node,measurement of hepatic function prior to resection,in neurosurgical cases to detect vascular anomalies,in cardiovascular cases for patency and assessment of vascular ab-normalities,in predicting healing following amputations,in helping visualization of hepatobiliary anatomy and blood vessels,in reconstructive surgery,to assess flap viability and for the evaluation of tissue perfusion following major trauma and *** these reasons,the intraoperative use of indocyanine green has become common in a variety of surgical specialties and transplant ***-lorectal surgery has just lately begun to adopt this technique,particularly for perfusion visualization to prevent anastomotic *** regular use of in-docyanine green coupled with fluorescence angiography has recently been pro-posed as a feasible tool to help improve patient *** the best available data,it has been shown that routine use of indocyanine green in colorectal surgery reduces the rates of anastomotic *** use of indocyanine green is proven to be safe,feasible,and effective in both elective and emergency ***,additional robust evidence from larger-scale,high-quality studies is essential before incorporating indocyanine g

关键词： Indocyanine green Colorectal surgery Fluorescence-guided surgery Gastrointestinal surgery Hepato-biliary surgery Pancreatic surgery Surgical oncology

Consequences of a two-time relativistic Bohmian model

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第7期76卷 65-75页

作者： giuseppe Raguní Departamento de Física Universidad de Murcia

Effects of a Bohmian type quantum-relativistic theory are explored. The model is obtained by introducing a new and independent time parameter whose relative motions are not directly observable and cause quantum uncertainties of the physical observables. Unlike the usual de Broglie–Bohm theories, the Quantum Potential does not directly affect the observable motion,but determines the one that is relative to the new time variable. It turns out that the Zitterbewegung of a free particle, of which a more general law is obtained, is the key example of these hidden motions and, through it, it seems possible to give physical reality to the Feynman's paths. A relativistic revision of the uncertainty principle is also derived from the theory.

关键词： de Broglie-Bohm theory extra dimensions Quantum Mechanics Foundations uncertainty principle verification Zitterbewegung

Autonomous Vehicle Platoons In Urban Road Networks:A Joint Distributed Reinforcement Learning and Model Predictive Control Approach

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第1期11卷 141-156页

作者： Luigi D’Alfonso Francesco Giannini giuseppe Franzè giuseppe Fedele Francesco Pupo Giancarlo Fortino IEEE the Department of Computer Engineering ModelingElectronics and SystemsUniversitàdella CalabriaVia Pietro BucciCubo 42-CRende(CS)87036Italy the Department of Mechanical Engineering Energy Engineering and ManagementUniversitàdella CalabriaVia Pietro BucciCubo 42-CRende(CS)87036Italy

In this paper, platoons of autonomous vehicles operating in urban road networks are considered. From a methodological point of view, the problem of interest consists of formally characterizing vehicle state trajectory tubes by means of routing decisions complying with traffic congestion criteria. To this end, a novel distributed control architecture is conceived by taking advantage of two methodologies: deep reinforcement learning and model predictive control. On one hand, the routing decisions are obtained by using a distributed reinforcement learning algorithm that exploits available traffic data at each road junction. On the other hand, a bank of model predictive controllers is in charge of computing the more adequate control action for each involved vehicle. Such tasks are here combined into a single framework:the deep reinforcement learning output(action) is translated into a set-point to be tracked by the model predictive controller;conversely, the current vehicle position, resulting from the application of the control move, is exploited by the deep reinforcement learning unit for improving its reliability. The main novelty of the proposed solution lies in its hybrid nature: on one hand it fully exploits deep reinforcement learning capabilities for decisionmaking purposes;on the other hand, time-varying hard constraints are always satisfied during the dynamical platoon evolution imposed by the computed routing decisions. To efficiently evaluate the performance of the proposed control architecture, a co-design procedure, involving the SUMO and MATLAB platforms, is implemented so that complex operating environments can be used, and the information coming from road maps(links,junctions, obstacles, semaphores, etc.) and vehicle state trajectories can be shared and exchanged. Finally by considering as operating scenario a real entire city block and a platoon of eleven vehicles described by double-integrator models, several simulations have been performed with the a

关键词： Distributed model predictive control distributed reinforcement learning routing decisions urban road networks

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Knowledge-Enhanced Conversational Agents

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第3期39卷 585-609页

作者： Fabio Caffaro giuseppe Rizzo LINKS Foundation 10138 TurinItaly

Humanity has fantasized about artificial intelligence tools able to discuss with human beings fluently for *** efforts have been proposed ranging from ELIZA to the modern vocal *** the large interest in this research and innovation field,there is a lack of common understanding on the concept of conversational agents and general over expectations that hide the current limitations of existing *** work proposes a literature review on the subject with a focus on the most promising type of conversational agents that are powered on top of knowledge bases and that can offer the ground knowledge to hold conversation autonomously on different *** describe a conceptual architecture to define the knowledge-enhanced conversational agents and investigate different domains of *** conclude this work by listing some promising research pathways for future work.

关键词： conversational agent dialogue system knowledge enhancing artificial agent intelligent conversation

Metabolic characterization of selected probiotic consortia during gluten and wheat bread simulated digestion

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Mirco Vacca giuseppe Celano Olga Nikoloudaki Bodo Speckmann Francesco maria Calabrese Marco Gobbetti maria de Angelis Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen Evonik Operations GmbH Department of Soil Plant and Food Sciences University of Bari Aldo Moro

While exerting their metabolic activities in the gastrointestinal milieu， probiotics impact the host well-being by boosting immunity， treating metabolic disorders， and modulating microbiota and metabolome. Due to the high incidence of gluten-based disorders， the present work aims to deeply explore the metabolism of two selected microbial consortia (MCs) during gluten digestion under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Featured by high protease and peptidase activity， both MCs accounted for different lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus strains that were combined with two commercial protease enzymes. Gluten substrates were used as purified extracts， white and whole wheat breads. Control samples， instead， relied onto the microbial enzyme lack. Twenty-four hours of simulated digestion were sufficient to completely hydrolyze gluten in one of the two MC-containing experimental sets， and the relative 48 h-digested extract did not alter the cytokine expression in duodenal biopsies from celiac disease (CeD) patients. When digested samples were assayed for antioxidant and phytase activities， microbial enzymes demonstrated to significantly improve both ABTS and DPPH values and to decrease the phytic acid concentration. The inspection of the free amino acid profiles allowed for distinguishing the two MCs， whereas the detection of a heterogeneous panel of volatile organic compounds supported the presence/activity of microbial enzymes without statistically significant differences between MCs. As functional contribution， digested extracts with MCs also proved to reduce the inflammatory cytokine concentrations in cell lines exposed to lipopolysaccharide trigger. Therefore， in line with studies exploring novel adjuvant therapies， the present innovative probiotic consortium featured by high gluten-hydrolyzing metabolism also showed the capability to improve various parameters usually found to be altered in patients affected by gluten-based disorders or CeD.

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Hemiarthroplasty for irreparable distal radius fractures in the elderly:A comprehensive review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第6期15卷 578-584页

作者： Adriano Cannella Ludovico Caruso Giulia maria Sassara giuseppe Taccardo Marco Passiatore Marina Marescalchi Rocco De Vitis Department of Orthopaedics Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Department of Bone and Joint Surgery ASST-Spedali CiviliBrescia 25123Italy

BACKGROUND Elderly patients maintaining functional independence can now be candidates for primary wrist hemiarthroplasty to manage acute irreparable distal radius fractures(DRFs).However,further investigation with long-term follow-up is required to validate these initial *** To review the literature on the outcomes of distal radius hemiarthroplasty with available implants to assess its viability as a treatment *** A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted using electronic databases,including PubMed,Medline,and *** search terms employed were"distal radius fracture","hemiarthroplasty","wrist arthroplasty",and related *** search was restricted to articles published in English from 1980 until June *** criteria encompassed cases or case series of DRF treated with hemiarthroplasty,providing clinical or radiographic outcomes,and published in peer-reviewed *** A total of 2508 articles from PubMed and 883 from Scopus were identified *** screening and removal of duplicates,13 articles met the inclusion *** articles,predominantly clinical retrospective studies,provided insights into hemiarthroplasty outcomes,including functional improvements and *** was a treatment option for complex DRF,particularly those cases with severe comminution,intraarticular involvement,or severe *** outcomes demonstrated improvements in pain relief,wrist mobility,and grip strength,with variability across *** included implant loosening,infection,nerve injury,and stiffness,with varying incidence rates influenced by surgical techniques and implant ***-term outcomes were inadequately documented,warranting further *** Hemiarthroplasty is a promising treatment for irreparable DRF in the ***-term outcomes and complications require further study.

关键词： Irreparable distal radius fracture Hemiarthroplasty Osteoporosis Wrist prosthesis Elderly