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Journal of Zhejiang University-science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第3期6卷 155-157页

作者： DArBAN D.A. gowen s.r PEMBrOKE B. MAHAr A.N Department of Agriculture school of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of reading UK Department of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UKDepartment of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UKDepartment of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UK

Growth room and glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of constant and fluctuating tem- peratures on the development of Pasteuria penetrans a hyperparasite of root-knot nematodes. Tomato plants (Lycopersicon es- culentum Mill) were inoculated with Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles attached with endospores of P. penetrans and were grown in growth room at 26?29 °C and in glasshouse at 20?32 °C. The tomato plants were sampled from the growth room after 600 degree-days based on 17 °C/d, accumulating each day above a base temperature of 10 °C and from the glasshouse after 36 calendar days. Temperature affected the development of P. penetrans directly. The rate of development at constant temperature in growth room was faster than that in the glasshouse at fluctuating temperatures.

关键词： Pasteuria penetrans Meloidogyne javanica Development and tomato plants

some promising results from field applications of Pasteuria penetrans for control of root-knot nematodes

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Some promising results from field applications of Pasteuria ...

Pseudomonas oryzihabitans suppresses Damage Caused by root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica on Tomato

International Conference:Technology Transfer in Biological Control:From research to Practice

作者： s.r.gowen Department of Agriculture University of ReadingEarley GateReading RG6 6ATUnited Kingdom

＜正＞As part of an European Community funded project,long term rotations in root-knot nematode infested plots initially treated with Pasteuria penetrans （Pp） have been conducted in several tropical *** objective of these rotations has been to see if under continuous cultivation the levels of Pp will increase and thus suppressiveness will *** some locations the

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Journal of Agricultural science and Technology 2011年第4期5卷 502-507页

作者： s. V. Leontopoulos s. r. gowen E. Topalidou I. K. Vagelas F. T. Gravanis Department of Agriculture The University of Reading Reading Berkshire Earley Gate P.O. Box 236 RG6 6A T UK Department of Plant Production Technological Educational Institute of Larissa Larissa Thessaly Ring road of Larissa GR-41110 Greece

Agricultural research made in recent years has found that many bacterial organisms act like biological control agents with minimal impact on the environment. These microorganisms and their toxic metabolites should be included in those which are acceptable to qualify a product as organic or integrated and enjoy all the benefits that entails. Hence, interest in the use of microorganisms as biological agents to protect crop plants against plant parasitic nematodes has been increasing. This study investigated the ability *** oryzihabitans symbiotically associated with the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema abbasi as a bioagent against plant parasitic nematodes which infected tomato crop. The bacterium is particularly effective against root-knot nematode in vitro affecting the behavior and mobility of root-knot nematode juveniles. Also, studies in planta demons.rated the efficacy of P. oryzihabitans by preventing tomato root system by invasion of juveniles of Meloidogynejavaniea when bacterial cells were applied to the root system before nematodes. This efficacy is dependent on bacterial cell concentration used and the time of the nematode expos.re. However, a better nematode control might be achieved with multiple applications of the biocontrol agent. Furthermore, the results of this study provide evidence that the bacterium P. oryzihabitans produces metabolites, which have nematostatic effects.

关键词： Biocontrol Pseudomonas oryzihabitans Entomopathogenic Nematodes root-knot Nematodes.

Geographical dis.ribution of red and green Noctiluca scintillans

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2011年第4期29卷 807-831页

作者： P. J. HArrIsON K. FUrUYA P. M. GLIBErT J. Xu H. B. LIU K. YIN J. H. W. LEE D. M. ANDErsON r. gowen A. r. AL-AZrI A. Y. T. HO Hong Kong University of science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China Department of Aquatic Bioscience University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8657 Japan University of Maryland Center for Environmental science Horn Point Laboratory Cambridge MD 21613 USA school of Marine sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China Department of Biology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02543 USA Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Belfast BT9 5PX UK Department of Marine science and Fisheries Sultan Qaboos University Muscat 123 Sultanate of Oman Agriculture Fisheries and Conservation Department Hong Kong China

The dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans is one of the most important and abundant red tide organisms and it is dis.ributed world-wide. It occurs in two forms. red Noctiluca is heterotrophic and fills the role of one of the microzooplankton grazers in the foodweb. In contrast, green Noctiluca contains a photosynthetic symbiont Pedinomonas noctilucae （a prasinophyte）, but it also feeds on other plankton when the food supply is abundant. In this.review, we document the global dis.ribution of these two forms and include the first maps of their global dis.ribution. red Noctiluca occurs widely in the temperate to sub-tropical coastal regions of the world. It occurs over a wide temperature range of about 10℃ to 25℃ and at higher salinities （generally not in estuaries）. It is particularly abundant in high productivity areas such as upwelling or eutrophic areas where diatoms dominate since they are its preferred food source. Green Noctiluca is much more res.ricted to a temperature range of 25℃-30℃ and mainly occurs in tropical waters of southeast Asia, Bay of Bengal （east coast of India）, in the eastern, western and northern Arabian sea, the red sea, and recently it has become very abundant in the Gulf of Oman. red and green Noctiluca do overlap in their dis.ribution in the eastern, northern and western Arabian sea with a seasonal shift from green Noctiluca in the cooler winter convective mixing, higher productivity season, to red Noctiluca in the more oligotrophic warmer summer season.

关键词： Noctiluca global dis.ribution dis.ribution map green Noctiluca dinoflagellate

Poisson and Negative Binomial Modeling Techniques for Better Understanding Pasteuria penetrans spore Attachment on root-Knot Nematode Juveniles

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Journal of Agricultural science and Technology(A) 2012年第2期2卷 273-277页

作者： Ioannis Vagelas stefanos Leontopoulos Barbara Pembroke simon gowen Department of Plant Production Technological Educational Institute of Larissa Larissa 4111 O Greece school of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Earley Gate Reading RG6 6AR UK

Pasteuria penetrans controls.root knots nematodes （Meloidogyne spp.） either by preventing invasion or by causing female sterility. The greatest control effect ofP. penetrans occurred when an efficient quantity ofP. penetrans spores attached to nematodes cuticle. The number of spores attaching to J2s within a given time increased with increasing the time of attachment. Based to that, we produced attachment data in vitro recorded encumbered nematodes 1, 3, 6 and 9 h after placing nematodes in a standard P. penetrans spore suspensions. From the count data obtained we modeled P. penetrans attachment using the Poisson and the negative binomial dis.ribution. Attachment count data obs.rved to be over dispersed with respect to high numbers of spores sticks on each J2 after at 6 and 9 h after spores application. We concluded that negative binomial dis.ribution was shown to be the most appropriate model to fit the obs.rved data sets considering that P. penetrans spores are clumped.

关键词： Negative binomial Poisson modeling Pasteuriapenetrans.

Farmer Participatory Evaluation of Nurs.ry Bed Treatments for the Control of root-Knot Nematodes [Meloidogynejavanica （Treub） Chitwood and Meloidogyne incognita （Kofoid and White） Chitwood] in smallholder Farms in Kenya

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Journal of Agricultural science and Technology(A) 2011年第5期1卷 647-662页

作者： D. K. Karanja s. r. gowen B. Ndung u r. O. Musebe s. simons A McLeod B. r. Kerry P. K. Karanja B. Pembroke CAB International P.O. Box 633-00621 Nairobi Kenya school of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading RG6 6dR Berkshire UK Kenya Agricultural research Institute - National Horticultural research Centre P.O. Box 220-01000 Thika Kenya rothamsted research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK

root-knot nematodes （Meloidogvne spp.） cons.rain the production of high value vegetable crops, such as tomato, on smallholder farms in Kenya. For several years, control of root-knot nematodes largely depended on the use of synthetic nematicides, most of which have been banned due to their toxicity to humans and the environment. Farmer-participatory trials were established, for two consecutive growing seasons on farmers＇ fields infested with root-knot nematodes （A4eloidogvne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita）, at two sites in central Kenya （Maragua and Kirinyaga dis.ricts）, representing two contrasting group of farmers （low-input and high-input）. The trials aimed at evaluating the potential of using biological control agents （BCAs）, i.e. Poehonia ehlamydosporia and Pasteuria penetrans, antagonistic plants （Crotalaria grahamiana and Tagetes minuta）, ＂＇trash burning＂ and chemical control （dazomet 98% = Basamid~ Granular） in the management of root-knot nematodes in tomato nurs.ry beds, and quantify the associated net benefits, compared to an untreated control. Crotalaria grahamiana, ＂trash burning＂ and dazomet, significantly （P 〈 0.05） reduced the number of second-stage juveniles （J2s） of the root-knot nematodes in the soil in nurs.ry beds during the first season at Karigui-ini, but there was no significant （P 〉 0.05） increase in yield after transplanting tomato seedlings from the respective treatment. similarly, one of the BCAs （P. ehlamydosporia）, was effectively transferred to the field with seedlings from the BCA-treated nurs.ry beds, but there was no significant （P 〉 0.05） increase in yield due to slow proliferation of the BCA, after transplanting. Participatory partial budgets were successfully developed with srnallholder farmers, and proved to be a vital tool in making informed decisions on management options for root-knot nematodes. In general, labour was considered by all farmers as the major input that contributed to the overall additional cost of the differe

关键词： Integrated pest management nematode control biological control Pochonia chlamydosporia Pasteuria penetrans botanical nematicides.

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杀线虫剂室内快速测定技术

世界农药 1984年第6期 43-43,46页

作者： r.J.Hampshire N.G.M.Hague s.r.gowen 蔡洗 reading大学动物系 reading大学动物系 reading大学动物系英国英国英国

杀线虫剂在无土系统中筛选有各种方法,但在该系统中进行初筛的优缺点目前尚有争论,Mugniery和Person简化的方法是操作容易,可能优于较严格的土壤筛选系统。在番茄上用黄麻根疣线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)进行杀线虫剂活性常规筛选的系... 详细信息

杀线虫剂在无土系统中筛选有各种方法,但在该系统中进行初筛的优缺点目前尚有争论,Mugniery和Person简化的方法是操作容易,可能优于较严格的土壤筛选系统。在番茄上用黄麻根疣线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)进行杀线虫剂活性常规筛选的系统中需要多种生物体,因此有不少缺点。其中一个不算最小的缺点是番茄对化学药剂的处理很敏感,尤其是初试浓度较高时。还有黄麻根疣线虫在25℃时生活周期长达24～28天,而

关键词：杀线虫剂黄麻根线虫幼虫寄生根禾本科蠕虫吸根颖花目稻苗水稻根系

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印度货币改革下的黄金市场

大学英语 2017年第3期 20-24页

作者： Annie gowen 清朗

因黄金贸易受当前货币短缺的不利影响，周一印度最大黄金市场的各珠宝店中都空不见人。黄金经销商说，随着印度进入结婚季，眼下本该正是买卖兴隆的好时节。但自从政府突然宣布要废止大额纸币,他们的生意就一落千丈。印度是世界上第二... 详细信息

因黄金贸易受当前货币短缺的不利影响，周一印度最大黄金市场的各珠宝店中都空不见人。黄金经销商说，随着印度进入结婚季，眼下本该正是买卖兴隆的好时节。但自从政府突然宣布要废止大额纸币,他们的生意就一落千丈。印度是世界上第二大黄金消费国。

关键词：黄金市场货币改革印度不利影响珠宝店经销商消费国贸易

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吸引美国互联网大腕的印度神庙

疯狂英语（新悦读） 2016年第12期 40-41页

作者： Annie gowen 丁一

通过文章标题，我们知道阅读本文时要解决三个问题：文章提及的印度神庙在哪里、它吸引了哪些大腕、这座神庙为什么会吸引互联网大腕——第三个问题显然是最重要的，阅读时要特别注意文章通过什么方式回答这个最关键的问题。

关键词：神庙印度网大美国文章标题

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循环孔隙水作用下混凝土动态特性试验研究

土木建筑与环境工程 2015年第5期37卷 88-94页

作者：刘博文彭刚邹三兵罗曦三峡大学三峡地区地质灾害与生态环境湖北省协同创新中心土木与建筑学院湖北宜昌443002

对0、10、50次孔隙水循环下不同应变速率(10-5、10-4、10-3、10-2/s)的混凝土和中低应变速率(10-4、10-3/s)下不同孔隙水循环次数(0、10、50、100、200次)的混凝土进行了常三轴压缩试验,试件尺寸为ф300mm×600mm。对循环孔隙水压作用... 详细信息

对0、10、50次孔隙水循环下不同应变速率(10-5、10-4、10-3、10-2/s)的混凝土和中低应变速率(10-4、10-3/s)下不同孔隙水循环次数(0、10、50、100、200次)的混凝土进行了常三轴压缩试验,试件尺寸为ф300mm×600mm。对循环孔隙水压作用后混凝土的峰值应力物理力学参数的变化规律进行了统计分析,并对混凝土在不同加载速率下的吸能变化规律进行了分析。结果表明:随着应变速率增大,混凝土的峰值应力呈增大趋势,随孔隙水压循环次数的增加,峰值应力大体呈现先增大后减小的阶段性变化;混凝土的吸能能力随加载速率的增加,表现出明显增大的趋势。混凝土的吸能能力随孔隙水压循环次数的增加表现出一定的离散性,但整体上呈先增大后减小的趋势;选用基于Weibull统计理论的混凝土材料分段式动态损伤本构模型对试验数据进行拟合,经验证,此模型与试验结果吻合较好。

关键词：混凝土孔隙水压力循环常三轴