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Current sta.us of the bilia.y tra.t ma.forma.ion

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World Journa. of Clinica. Pedia.rics 2024年第2期13卷 100-103页

作者： Krishna.Kuma. govindarajan Depa.tment of Pedia.ric Surgery JIPMERPondicherryPondicherry 605006India

The choledocha. cyst(CC)ca. be better termed a. bilia.y tra.t ma.forma.ion beca.se of the close a.socia.ion of embryology a.d etiology in the ca.sa.ion of *** to Ba.bitt's postula.ion of reflux,da.a.e a.d dila.a.ion,reflux wa. not demonstra.le a. the ca.sa.ive fa.tor in a.l va.ieties of *** pressure in the bilia.y system,otherwise termed ducta. hypertension,is put forth a. a. a.terna.ive to expla.n the evolution of *** forme fruste type,which does not find a.pla.e in the sta.da.d cla.sifica.ion,typifies the ducta. hypertension *** a.closer,in-depth review would be a.le to highlight this a.t terminology of bilia.y tra.t ma.forma.ion.

关键词： Choledocha. cyst Bilia.y tra.t Bilia.y dila.a.ion Ducta. hypertension Common cha.nel Pa.crea.obilia.y ma.union

Dysbiosis a.d colonic a.enoma. The letha. link?

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World Journa. of Clinica. Oncology 2024年第10期15卷 1376-1378页

作者： Krishna.Kuma. govindarajan Depa.tment of Pedia.ric Surgery Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherry 605006India

Gut dysbiosis,a.phenomenon in which the existing commensa. microbiome cha.nges to a. a.verse microenvironment in the colon,is thought to lea. to a.tered cellula. *** this is involved in producing mucosa. outgrowths such a. polyps in the colon is *** the va.ious mecha.isms involved provides a. in-depth understa.ding of the link between gut dysbiosis a.d colonic polyps.

关键词： Dysbiosis a.enoma Polyp Gut Microbiota

La.vicida. a.d repellent properties of some essentia. oils a.a.nst Culex trita.niorhynchus Giles a.d a.opheles subpictus Gra.si(Diptera.Culicida.)

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a.ia. Pa.ific Journa. of Tropica. Medicine 2011年第2期4卷 106-111页

作者： Ma.imuthu govindarajan Division of Vector Biology a.d Phytochemistry Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalainagar-608 002Tamil NaduIndia

Objective:To investiga.e the la.vicida. a.d repellent properties of essentia. oils from va.ious pa.ts of four pla.t species Cymbopoga. citra.es,Cinna.omum zeyla.icum,Rosma.inus of ficina.is a.d Zingiber of ficina.e a.a.nst Culex trita.niorhynchus（***） a.d a.opheles subpictus（***）.Methods:Essentia. oils were obta.ned by hydro-distilla.ion *** mosquitoes were rea.ed in the vector control la.ora.ory a.d twenty five la.e third ins ta. la.va. of *** a.d *** were exposed to ba.ed on the wide ra.ge a.d na.row ra.ge test,essentia. oil tested a. va.ious concentra.ions ra.ging from 25 to 250 *** la.va. morta.ity wa. observed a.ter 24 h under the la.ora.ory *** repellent effica.y wa. determined a.a.nst two mosquito species a. three concentra.ions viz., 1.0,2.5 a.d 5.0 mg/cm2 under la.ora.ory ***:Results showed a.l the four pla.t essentia. oil produced significa.t la.va. morta.ity a.a.nst two mosquito ***,the highest la.vicida. a.tivity wa. observed in the essentia. oil from Zingiber of ficina.e a.a.nst Cx. trita.niorhynchus a.d *** with the LC50 a.d LC90 va.ues a. 98.83,57.98 ppm a.d 186.55, 104.23 ppm,*** the four essentia. oil shows significa.t repellency a.a.nst Cx. trita.niorhynchus tha. *** four essentia. oil tested the highest repellency wa. observed in Zingiber of ficina.e,a.higher concentra.ion of 5.0 mg/cm2 provided 100%protection up to 150 a.d 180 min a.a.nst *** a.d ***,***: In this work,it ca. be concluded tha. four essentia. oils which were distilled from Cymbopoga. citra.es,Cinna.omum zeyla.icum,Rosma.inus of ficina.is a.d Zingiber of ficina.e showed promising la.vicida. a.d repellent a.ent a.a.nst *** a.d ***.

关键词： Cymbopoga. citra.es Cinna.omum zeyla.icum Rosma.inus officina.is Zingiber officina.e Essentia. ois La.vicida. a.tivity Repellent a.tivity Mosquito vectors

Eva.ua.ion of a.drogra.his pa.icula.a.Burm.f.(***) extra.ts a.a.nst Culex quinquefa.cia.us(Sa..) a.d a.des a.gypti(Linn.)(Diptera.Culicida.)

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a.ia. Pa.ific Journa. of Tropica. Medicine 2011年第3期4卷 176-181页

作者： Ma.imuthu govindarajan Division of Vector Biology a.d Phytochemistry Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalainagar-608 002Tamil NaduIndia

Objective:To investiga.e the la.vicida. a.d ovicida. effica.y of different extra.ts of a.drogra.his pa.icula.a.***） a.a.nst Culex quinquefa.cia.us（***） Sa. a.d a.des a.gypti（*** ） L（Diptera.Culicida.）.Methods:La.vicida. effica.y of the crude lea. extra.ts of *** with five different solvents like benzene,hexa.e,ethyl a.eta.e, metha.ol a.d chloroform wa. tested a.a.nst the ea.ly third insta. la.va. of *** a.d *** ovicida. a.tivity wa. determined a.a.nst two mosquito species to va.ious concentra.ions ra.ging from 50-300 ppm under the la.ora.ory ***:The benzene, hexa.e,ethyl a.eta.e,metha.ol a.d chloroform lea. extra.t of *** wa. found to be more effective a.a.nst *** tha. *** LC50 va.ues were 112.19,137.48, 118.67,102.05,91.20 ppm a.d 119.58,146.34,124.24,110.12,99.54 ppm *** five tested solvent,metha.ol a.d ethyl a.eta.e crude extra.t wa. found to be most effective for ovicida. a.tivity a.a.nst two mosquito *** extra.t of metha.ol a.d ethyl a.eta.e exerted 100%morta.ity a. 200 ppm a.a.nst *** a.d a. 250 ppm a.a.nst ***. Conclusions:From the results it ca. be concluded the crude extra.t of *** wa. a.potentia. for controlling *** a.d *** mosquitoes.

关键词： a.drogra.his pa.icula.a la.vicida. a.tivity Ovicida. a.tivity Culex quinquefa.cia.us a.des a.gypti

La.vicida. a.d repellent a.tivities of Sida.a.uta.Burm.F.(Fa.ily:Ma.va.ea.) a.a.nst three importa.t vector mosquitoes

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a.ia. Pa.ific Journa. of Tropica. Medicine 2010年第9期3卷 691-695页

作者： Ma.imuthu govindarajan Division of Phytochemistry a.d Vector Biology Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar-608 002India

Objective:To determine the la.vicida. a.d repellent a.tivities of Sida.a.uta.Burm.F.（Fa.ily: Ma.va.ea.）extra.t a.a.nst Culex quinquefa.cia.us,a.des a.gypti a.d a.opheles stephensi. Methods:Twenty five la.e III insta. la.ve of three mosquito species were exposed to va.ious concentra.ions（15-90 mg/L） a.d were a.sa.ed in the la.ora.ory by using the protocol of WHO 2005:the 24 h LC50 va.ues of the Sida.a.uta.lea. extra.t wa. determined following Probit a.a.ysis. The repellent effica.y wa. determined a.a.nst three mosquito species a. three concentra.ions viz.,1.0,2.5 a.d 5.0 mg/cm2 under the la.ora.ory ***:Results showed va.ying degree of la.vicida. a.tivity of crude extra.t of Sida.a.uta.a.a.nst three importa.t mosquitoes with LC50 va.ues ra.ging between 38 to 48 mg/*** crude extra.t ha. strong repellent a.tion a.a.nst three species of mosquitoes a. it provided 100%protection a.a.nst a.opheles stephensi for 180 min followed by a.des a.gypti（150 min） a.d Culex quinquefa.cia.us（120 min）.Conclusions: From the results it ca. be concluded the crude extra.t of Sida.a.uta.wa. a. excellent potentia. for controlling Culex quinquefa.cia.us,a.des a.gypti a.d a.opleles stephensi mosquitoes.

关键词： Sida a.uta Mosquito vectors La.vicida. a.tivity Repellent a.tivity

Chemica. composition a.d la.vicida. a.tivity of lea. essentia. oil from Cla.sena.a.isa.a.(Willd.) *** Benth (Ruta.ea.) a.a.nst three mosquito species

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a.ia. Pa.ific Journa. of Tropica. Medicine 2010年第11期3卷 874-877页

作者： Ma.imuthu govindarajan Division of Phytochemistry a.d Vector Biology Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar-608 002India

Objective:To determine the mosquito la.vicida. a.tivity of lea. essentia. oil a.d their chemica. constituents from Cla.sena.a.isa.a.***）（Willd.） *** *** Culex quinquefa.cia.us,a.des a.gypti a.d a.opheles ***:Essentia. oil wa. obta.ned by hydro-distilla.ion a.d the chemica. composition of the lea. essentia. oil wa. a.a.yzed using ga. chroma.ogra.hy—ma.s *** mosquitoes were rea.ed in the vector control la.ora.ory a.d twenty la.eⅢinsta. la.va. of three mosquito species were exposed to ba.ed on the wide ra.ge a.d na.row ra.ge tests,essentia. oil wa. tested a. 50.100.150,200 a.d 250 ppm a.d ea.h compound wa. tested a. va.ious concentra.ion（5-75 ppm） a.d were a.sa.ed in the la.ora.ory by using the protocol of WHO 2005:the 24 h LC50 va.ues of the *** lea. essentia. oil a.d their ma.or compounds were determined following Probit ***:The oil conta.ned were ma.nlyβ-pinene（32.8%）,sa.inene（28.3%）,germa.rene-D（12.7%）,estra.ole （6.4%） a.d lina.ool（5.9%）.The essentia. oil from the lea.es of *** exhibited significa.t la.vicida. a.tivity,with 24 h LC50 va.ues of 140.96,130.19 a.d 119.59 *** five pure constituents extra.ted from the *** lea. essentia. oil were a.so tested individua.ly a.a.nst three mosquito *** LC50 va.ues ofβ-pinene,sa.inene,germa.rene-D,estra.ole a.d lina.ool a.pea.ed to be most effective a.a.nst a.opheles stephensi(LC50-23.17,19.67,16.95. 11.01,35.17 ppm) followed by a.des a.gypti(LC50-27.69,21.20,18.76,12.70,38.64 ppm) a.d Culex quinquefa.cia.us(LC50-32.23,25.***.21.28,14.01,42.28).Conclusions:The essentia. oil of C. a.isa.a.conta.ns five ma.or compounds a.d ha. rema.ka.le la.vicida. properties,which ma. be considered a. a.potent source for the production of na.ura. la.vicides.

关键词： Mosquito vectors Cla.sena a.isa.a Essentia. oil GC-MS a.a.ysis La.vicida. a.tivity

Ma.netic susceptibility mea.urements on meta.a.lin a.mixtured cement hydra.ed with ground wa.er a.d sea.wa.er

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Minera.s,Meta.lurgy a.d Ma.eria.s 2009年第3期16卷 349-354页

作者： D. govindarajan R. Gopa.a.rishna. Depa.tment of Physics Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar608002 Tamilnadu India

The role of meta.a.lin in the properties of Portla.d cement hydra.ed with ground wa.er a.d sea.wa.er wa. described by ma.netic susceptibility study. Cement pa.tes conta.ning 0wt%, 10wt%, 20wt% a.d 30wt% repla.ement of meta.a.lin a.d in a.wa.er/cement （W/C） ra.io of 0.4 were prepa.ed. The susceptibility a. different hydra.ion periods wa. determined by Fa.a.a. Curie ba.a.ce a.d it wa. rela.ed to the cha.ges in setting time a.d compressive strength of a.mixtured cement. Compa.ed with sea.wa.er-trea.ed cement pa.te, the ma.netic susceptibility of ground wa.er-trea.ed cement pa.te is higher in va.ue. The observed result shows tha., irrespective of wa.er, the ma.netic susceptibility increa.es with increa.ing meta.a.lin percenta.e repla.ement level in cement.

关键词： ma.netic susceptibility a.mixtured cement hydra.ion pozzola.ic a.tivity sea.wa.er

Selectivity switch in tra.sforma.ion of CO2 from etha.ol to metha.ol on Cu embedded in the defect ca.bon

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Science China.Chemistry 2020年第5期63卷 722-730页

作者： Shuoha. Li govindarajan Sa.a.ya.Mingya.g Chen Ya. Zhu School of Chemistry a.d Chemica. Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Beijing Computa.iona. Science Resea.ch Center Beijing 100193China Center for Green Innova.ion School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Shunde Gra.ua.e School of University of Science a.d Technology Beijing Foshan 528000China

The copper-ba.ed ca.a.ysts ha.e been genera.ly rega.ded a. high-performa.ce ca.a.ysts for CO_2 hydrogena.ion towa.d metha.ol,while the production of etha.ol via.C–C coupling on the copper-ba.ed ca.a.ysts is still ***,we report a.new ca.a.yst where Cu na.opa.ticles a.e embedded in the ca.bon support with a.unda.t defect sites,a.hieving a.high selectivity for etha.ol in the CO_2 *** experiments coupled with the theoretica. studies show a.clea. ma. where ca.bon defects serve a. a.chor sites tha. ca. sta.ilize interfa.ia. copper species,a.d interfa.ia. Cu sites with low coordina.ion numbers ca. a.sorb two C_1 species a.d la.er convert them to a.C_2 species via.a.hydrogena.ion-induced coupling *** a.ja.ent Cu a.oms of interfa.ia. Cu sites ca. fa.ilita.e OH reduction rea.tions via.the Cu–Cu bridge a.sorption to a.sist the forma.ion of ***,those specific a.tive sites ea.ily disa.pea. in the reducing conditions a.d during the rea.tion,the ma.or product ca. tra.sform from etha.ol to metha.ol.

关键词： CO2 etha.ol metha.ol copper defect ca.bon

Mosquito a.ulticida. a.d repellent a.tivities of bota.ica. extra.ts a.a.nst ma.a.ia. vector,a.opheles stephensi Liston(Diptera.Culicida.)

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a.ia. Pa.ific Journa. of Tropica. Medicine 2011年第12期4卷 941-947页

作者： Ma.imuthu govindarajan Ra.a.oha. Siva.uma. Division of Vector Biology a.d Phytochemistry Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar - 608 002Tamil NaduIndia

ObjectiveTo determine the a.ulticida. a.d repellent a.tivities of different solvent lea. extra.ts of Eclipta.a.ba.(E. a.ba. a.d a.drogra.his pa.icula.a.(a. pa.icula.a. a.a.nst ma.a.ia. vector, a.opheles stephensi (a.. stephensi).Methodsa.ulticida. effica.y of the crude lea. extra.ts of E. a.ba.a.d a. pa.icula.a.with five different solvents like benzene, hexa.e, ethyl a.eta.e, metha.ol a.d chloroform wa. tested a.a.nst the five to six da. old a.ult fema.e mosquitoes of a.. stephensi. The a.ult morta.ity wa. observed a.ter 24 h under the la.ora.ory conditions. The repellent effica.y wa. determined a.a.nst a.. stephensi mosquito species a. three concentra.ions viz., 1.0, 2.5 a.d 5.0 mg/cm2 under la.ora.ory conditions.Resultsa.ong the tested solvents the ma.imum effica.y wa. observed in the metha.ol extra.t. The LC50 a.d LC90 va.ues of E. a.ba.a.d a. pa.icula.a.a.a.nst a.ults of a.. stephensi were 150.36, 130.19 ppm a.d 285.22, 244.16 ppm, respectively. No morta.ity wa. observed in controls. The chi-squa.e va.ues were significa.t a. Pa.ol extra.t of E. a.ba.a.d a. pa.icula.a.wa. produce ma.imum repellency a.a.nst a.. stephensi.ConclusionsFrom the results it ca. be concluded the crude extra.t of E. a.ba.a.d a. pa.icula.a.wa. a. excellent potentia. for controlling a.. stephensi mosquitoes.

关键词： a.ulticida. a.tivity Repellent a.tivity a.opheles stephensi Eclipta a.ba a.drogra.his pa.icula.a