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On the laboratory rearing of green dock leaf beetles Gastrophysa viridula （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae）

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Insect Science 2011年第3期18卷 379-384页

作者： Dagmar Voigt Naoe Hosoda Jan Schuppert stanislav gorb Evolutionary Biomaterials Group Department of Thin-Films and Biological Systems Max Planck Institute for Metals Research Stuttgart Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics Zoological Institute Christian Albrechts University of Kiel Kiel Germany Advanced Nano Materials Laboratory Interconnect Design Group National Institute for Materials Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan

Leaf beetles Gastrophysa viridula have attracted recently increased research interest from various points of view, since they are：（i） pest insects in rhubarb crops; （ii） potential biocontrol agents of dock plants Rumex spp. in grasslands; and （iii） a model species in ecological studies on insect population dynamics, biochemistry, behavior, biomechanics and biomimetics. The continuous rearing of beetles at standardized conditions may help to unify the fitness state of different individuals, allowing a better comparison of experimental results. The present communication suggests a modular space- and time-saving rearing method ofG. viridula in stackable faunariums under laboratory conditions, which has been successfully established and continuously used over the last 5 years. Several developmental stages were kept in separate boxes, and multiple generations were kept simultaneously, depending on the required number of beetles.

关键词： Chrysomelidae standardisation Rumex obtusifolius

A Study on Adhesive Properties of Materials Based on Biomimetic Results of Gecko′s Feet

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2004年第1期1卷 66-71页

作者： stanislav gorb Biological Micro-tribology Group Max-Planck-Institute for Development Biology

Many animals have a magic ability to move or hold on ceilings and walls because of the design of their adhesive pads. The experiments were carried out to study the effects of material properties (elastic modulus EM and chemical components CC) and contact geometry (surface roughness, connecting stiffness) on their adhesive properties. The adhesion of the lowest EM samples is the highest (15 kPa) and the surface roughness has strong effects on adhesion and the adhesion decreases to 1.5 kPa for the highest EM samples. The adhesive forces are heavily influenced by CC of polyurethane. Surface roughness heavily influences the adhesion and when the roughness is higher than R a 0.3 μm, the obtained adhesion of the samples is the same. The adhesion does not change with the normal forces when a sphere is used to contact with flat PU samples. But when the two matually contact surfaces are flat, the adhesion of a material increases with the normal load at first and then turns to slightly raise. The adhesion of them is the same for the contact angles from 1 to 3 degree when the samples are softly connected. But when they are adhesive hardly to each other the adhesion decreases with increase of the contact angle.

关键词： adhesion polyurethane surface roughness connecting stiffness biomimetic

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蝗虫脚掌微结构及其接触的有限元分析

上海交通大学学报 2003年第1期37卷 66-69页

作者：戴振东 stanislav gorb 南京航空航天大学机电学院设计工程系南京210016 BiologicalMicrotribologyGroup Max-Planck-InstituteforDevelopmentalBiology

用电子显微镜研究了蝗虫足掌的微结构 ,用非线性有限元方法分析足掌接触过程的变形规律、接触刚度及接触面积、气囊的作用和足掌的应力应变规律 .结果表明 ,蝗虫足掌以软性外表皮包含血浆 (液体 )的结构形式 ,有利于降低接触刚度、增加... 详细信息

用电子显微镜研究了蝗虫足掌的微结构 ,用非线性有限元方法分析足掌接触过程的变形规律、接触刚度及接触面积、气囊的作用和足掌的应力应变规律 .结果表明 ,蝗虫足掌以软性外表皮包含血浆 (液体 )的结构形式 ,有利于降低接触刚度、增加接触面积 ,并使爪垫在接触过程便产生有利于稳定附着的摩擦力 .软性外表皮内的树丛状杆组织结构会提高足掌在各种表面上的适应性。

关键词：蝗虫脚掌微结构接触过程接触面积接触刚度变形规律非线性有限元分析

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粗糙度对4种聚氨酯弹性体粘着性能的影响

摩擦学学报 2003年第3期23卷 245-249页

作者：戴振东惠春 stanislav gorb 南京航空航天大学机电学院江苏南京210016 上海交通大学纳米科学技术研究院上海200030 Biological Micro-tribology Group Max-Planck-Institute for Development Biology

采用生物摩擦磨损试验台测定了4种聚氨酯的弹性模量,研究了表面粗糙度和法向力对粘着力的影响.结果表明:4种聚氨酯的弹性模量在55～1206kPa之间,粘着力由高到低的排序同其弹性模量排序相反,弹性模量较低的试样的饱和粘着力达到15kPa,且... 详细信息

采用生物摩擦磨损试验台测定了4种聚氨酯的弹性模量,研究了表面粗糙度和法向力对粘着力的影响.结果表明:4种聚氨酯的弹性模量在55～1206kPa之间,粘着力由高到低的排序同其弹性模量排序相反,弹性模量较低的试样的饱和粘着力达到15kPa,且表面粗糙度对粘着力的影响不明显;弹性模量较大的试样的粘着力仅为1.5kPa,随弹性模量增加,表面粗糙度的影响增大;试样之间的接触形式同粘着力密切关系,相当于单个凸峰接触的蓝宝石球对聚氨酯试样的粘着力不受法向力的影响,而在平面接触情况下粘着力先随法向力增加而增大,当法向力超过一定(10～15kPa)值后,粘着力增加趋缓并达到饱和值.

关键词：聚氨酯弹性体粘着力粗糙度粘着行为

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聚氨酯粘着性能的实验研究

南京理工大学学报 2004年第1期28卷 48-51,56页

作者：戴振东 stanislav gorb 南京航空航天大学机电学院 Evolutionary Biomaterials Group Max-Planck-Institute for Metal Research Heisenbergstr 3 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany

用生物摩擦学实验系统研究聚氨酯材料的化学成分、试样连接刚度、试样间初始接触角等在不同法向载荷的粘着性能。结果表明,聚氨酯的化学成分对其粘着性能有重要影响,在多羟基化合物与MDI(二异氰酸酯)的组分比为1:2时,粘着力最大。连接... 详细信息

用生物摩擦学实验系统研究聚氨酯材料的化学成分、试样连接刚度、试样间初始接触角等在不同法向载荷的粘着性能。结果表明,聚氨酯的化学成分对其粘着性能有重要影响,在多羟基化合物与MDI(二异氰酸酯)的组分比为1:2时,粘着力最大。连接刚度是影响粘着性能的另一主要因素。软连接情况下,不同接触角时,同样粗糙的表面上,材料的粘着性能相差不大。不同粗糙度的表面间的粘着力差异显著。刚性连接情况下,粘着力随接触角的增加而减小。在较光滑表面上降低的幅度大于粗糙表面上的幅度。上述实验结果为仿生足掌的设计提供了重要数据。

关键词：粘着力聚氨酯联接刚度表面粗糙度仿生设计

Effects of Morphological Integrity of Secondary Feather on Their Drag Reduction in Pigeons

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2022年第5期19卷 1422-1438页

作者： Qian Li Huan Shen Qingfei Han Aihong Ji Zhendong Dai stanislav N.gorb Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering College of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringNanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics29 Yudao StreetNanjing 210016China Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics Kiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 924118 KielGermany

Flight feathers of birds interact with the air flow during *** the observed low drag and high lift values at wind speeds from 9.0 to 19.8 m/s can be achieved due to the feather aerodynamics remains *** the present paper,we tested and compared morphological changes,drag reduction and flow visualization results of intact,damaged,and artificial feathers at different wind speeds in a wind *** the analysis of the drag force and resultant force angle,we proved that the integrity of feathers,whose barbs are usually closely interconnected,played an important role in the drag,which potentially triggers excellent drag reduction *** wind tunnel tests indicated that intact secondary feathers had a surprisingly high maximum drag reduction property at v?=?9 m/s compared with the feathers,where the integrity of barbs was *** hook cascades facilitated elasticity under pressure and suitable permeability in an intact feather,when the hooks were *** was indicated that the suitable permeability of intact feathers would prevent flow separation and reduce drag force at low wind speed;at high wind speed,elasticity under pressure and suitable permeability in an intact feather would facilitate strong squeezing effect,helping feathers withstand larger aerodynamic forces to which they might be subjected during *** was revealed that the intact secondary feather is a compromise between strong lift generation and drag reduction,which has a great significance for the bird’s flight.

关键词： Morphological integrity Secondary feather Drag reduction Wind tunnel Smoke visualization Bioinspiration

The Role of Vanes in the Damping of Bird Feathers

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第4期20卷 1646-1655页

作者： Kai Deng Hamed Rajabi Alexander Kovalev Clemens F.Schaber Zhendong Dai stanislav N.gorb Functional Morphology and Biomechanics Institute of ZoologyKiel University24098KielGermany School of Engineering London South Bank UniversityLondonSE10AAUK Institute of Bioinspired Structure and Surface Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210026People’s Republic of China

Bird feathers sustain bending and vibrations during *** unwanted vibrations could potentially cause noise and flight *** could alter the system response,resulting in improving quiet flight,stability,and *** of feathers are known to be indispensable for supporting the aerodynamic function of the *** relationship between the hierarchical structures of vanes and the mechanical properties of the feather has been previously ***,still little is known about their relationship with feathers’damping ***,the role of vanes in feathers’damping properties was *** vibrations of the feathers with vanes and the bare shaft without vanes after step deflections in the plane of the vanes and perpendicular to it were measured using high-speed video *** presence of several main natural vibration modes was observed in the feathers with *** trimming vanes,more vibration modes were observed,the fundamental frequencies increased by 51-70%,and the damping ratio decreased by 38-60%.Therefore,we suggest that vanes largely increase feather damping *** mechanisms based on the morphology of feather vanes are *** aerodynamic damping is connected with the planar vane surface,the structural damping is related to the interlocking between barbules and barbs,and the material damping is caused by the foamy medulla inside barbs.

关键词： Bird Feather Vibrations Damping Bionic

The frequency of wing damage in a migrating butterfly

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Insect Science 2023年第5期30卷 1507-1517页

作者： Rabiya Korkmaz Hamed Rajabi Shahab Eshghi stanislav N.gorb Thies H.Büscher Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics Zoological InstituteKiel UniversityKielGermany Division of Mechanical Engineering and Design School of EngineeringLondon South Bank UniversityLondonUK

The ability to fly is crucial for migratory ***,the accumulation of damage on the wings over time can affect survival,especially for species that travel long *** examined the frequency of irreversible wing damage in the migratory butterfly Vanessa cardui to explore the effect of wing structure on wing damage frequency,as well as the mechanisms that might mitigate wing *** exceptionally high migration rate driven by high precipitation levels in their larval habitats in the winter of 2018–2019 provided us with an excellent opportunity to collect data on the frequency of naturally occurring wing damage associated with long-distance *** images of 135 individuals of *** were collected and analyzed in *** results show that the hindwings experienced a greater frequency of damage than the ***,forewings experienced more severe damage on the lateral margin,whereas hindwings experienced more damage on the trailing *** frequency of wing margin damage was higher in the painted lady butterfly than in the migrating monarch butterfly and in the butterfly Pontia occidentalis following artificially induced wing *** results of this study could be used in future comparative studies of patterns of wing damage in butterflies and other *** studies are needed to clarify whether the strategies for coping with wing damage differ between migratory and nonmigratory species.

关键词： biomechanics cost of migration flight Lepidoptera Vanessa cardui wing structure

Micro-structure and frictional characteristics of beetle's joint

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2004年第Z1期47卷 99-106页

作者： DAI Zhendong stanislav N.gorb College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Biological Microtribology Group Max-Planck-Institute of Developmental BiologySpemannstr.35D-72076 TuebingenGermany Evolutionary Biomaterials Group Max-Planck-Institute for Metal ResearchHeisenbergstrasse 3D-70569 StuttgartGermany

Geometric and micro-structure design, tribology properties of beetle joints were experimentally studied, which aimed to enlighten ideas for the joint design of *** observation by using SEM and microscopy suggested that beetle's joints consist of a concave surface matched with a convex surface. The heads of the beetles, rubbing with flat glass, were tested in fresh and dried statuses and compared with sapphire ball with flat glass. Frictional coefficient of the joint material on glass was significantly lower than that of the sapphire sphere on glass. The material of the joint cuticle for convex surface is rather stiff (the elastic modulus 4.5 Gpa) and smooth. The surface is hydrophobic (the contact angle of distilled water was 88.3° ). It is suggested here that the high stiffness of the joint material and hydrophobicity of the joint surface are parts of the mechanism minimizing friction in insect joints.

关键词： beetle's joint, friction, geometry, micro-structure.