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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： ramón Pérez-núñez María Fernanda gonzález Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

Beyond wrecking a wall:revisiting the concept of blood–brain barrier breakdown in ischemic stroke

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1944-1956页

作者： Julia Castillo-gonzález Elena gonzález-Rey Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-neyra(IPBLn) CSICPT SaludGranadaSpain

The blood–brain barrier constitutes a dynamic and interactive boundary separating the central nervous system and the peripheral *** tightly modulates the ion transport and nutrient influx,while restricting the entry of harmful factors,and selectively limiting the migration of immune cells,thereby maintaining brain *** the well-established association between blood–brain barrier disruption and most neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory diseases,much remains unknown about the factors influencing its physiology and the mechanisms underlying its ***,the role of blood–brain barrier breakdown in the translational failure underlying therapies for brain disorders is just starting to be *** review aims to revisit this concept of“blood–brain barrier breakdown,”delving into the most controversial aspects,prevalent challenges,and knowledge gaps concerning the lack of blood–brain barrier *** moving beyond the oversimplistic dichotomy of an“open”/“bad”or a“closed”/“good”barrier,our objective is to provide a more comprehensive insight into blood–brain barrier dynamics,to identify novel targets and/or therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating blood–brain barrier ***,in this review,we advocate for considering the diverse time-and location-dependent alterations in the blood–brain barrier,which go beyond tight-junction disruption or brain endothelial cell breakdown,illustrated through the dynamics of ischemic stroke as a case *** this exploration,we seek to underscore the complexity of blood–brain barrier dysfunction and its implications for the pathogenesis and therapy of brain diseases.

关键词： blood–brain barrier disruption drug delivery ischemic stroke neuroinflammation tight-junctions

Crossed Products over Weak Hopf Algebras Related to Cleft Extensions and Cohomology

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2014年第2期35卷 161-190页

作者： José nicanor Alonso áLVAREZ José Manuel Fernández VILABOA ramón gonzález rodríGUEZ Departamento de Matemáticas Universidad de VigoCampus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende Departamento de álxebra Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Departamento de Matemática Aplicada II Universidad de VigoCampus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende

The authors present the general theory of cleft extensions for a cocommutative weak Hopf algebra H. For a right H-comodule algebra, they obtain a bijective corre- spondence between the isomorphisms classes of H-cleft extensions AH → A, where AH is the subalgebra of coinvariants, and the equivalence classes of crossed systems for H over AH. Finally, they establish a bijection between the set of equivalence classes of crossed systems with a fixed weak H-module algebra structure and the second cohomology group H2φZ（AH）（H, Z（AH））, where Z（AH） is the center of AH.

关键词： Monoidal category Weak Hopf algebra Cleft extension Weak crossedproduct Sweedler cohomology for weak Hopf algebras

new insights into Wnt signaling alterations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a potential therapeutic target?

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neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1580-1589页

作者： Carlos gonzález-Fernández Pau gonzález Francisco Javier rodríguez Laboratory of Molecular neurology Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (HNP)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration, which leads to progressive paralysis of skeletal muscles and, ultimately, respiratory failure between 2–5 years after symptom onset. Unfortunately, currently accepted treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are extremely scarce and only provide modest benefit. As a consequence, a great effort is being done by the scientific community in order to achieve a better understanding of the different molecular and cellular processes that influence the progression and/or outcome of this neuropathological condition and, therefore, unravel new potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Interestingly, a growing number of experimental evidences have recently shown that, besides its well-known physiological roles in the developing and adult central nervous system, the Wnt family of proteins is involved in different neuropathologica conditions, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These proteins are able to modulate, at least, three different signaling pathways, usually known as canonical(β-catenin dependent) and non-canonical(β-catenin independent) signaling pathways. In the present review, we aim to provide a general overview of the current knowledge that supports the relationship between the Wnt family of proteins and its associated signaling pathways and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathology, as well as their possible mechanisms of action. Altogether, the currently available knowledge suggests that Wnt signaling modulation might be a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate the histopathological and functional deficits associated to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and thus improve the progression and outcome of this neuropathology.

关键词： ALS astrocytes Frizzled human microglia motor neuron neurodegeneration neuroinflammation spinal cord Wnt

Yetter–Drinfeld Modules over Weak Braided Hopf Monoids and Center Categories

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2014年第4期30卷 567-590页

作者： Jos nicanor ALOnSO LVAREZ ramón gonzlez rodriguez Carlos SOnEIRA CALVO Departamento de Matemticas Universidad de VigoCampus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende Departamento de Matema'tica Aplicada II Universidad de VigoCampus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende Departamento de Pedagoxía e Didctica Universidade da CoruaCampus Universitario de Elvia

In this paper, we introduce several centralizer constructions in a monoidal context and establish a monoidal equivalence with the category of Yetter-Drinfeld modules over a weak braided Hopf monoid. We apply the gener... 详细信息

关键词： Weak (braided) Hopf monoid Yetter-Drinfeld module center

Deposition of litter and nutrients in leaves and twigs in different plant communities of northeastern Mexico

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第5期29卷 1307-1314页

作者： Humberto gonzález-rodríguez Roque gonzalo ramírez-Lozano Israel Cantú-Silva Marco Vinicio Gómez-Meza Eduardo Estrada-Castillón José ramón Arévalo Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Autdnoma deNuevo Ledn Carr. Nac. No 85 km 145 67700 LinaresNuevo Ledn Mexico Facultad de Ciencias Bioldgicas Universidad Autdnoma deNuevo Ledn Ave. Universidad S/N Cd. Universitaria66451 San Nicolfis de los Garza Nuevo Ledn Mexico Facultad de Economla Universidad Autdnoma de NuevoLedn Monterrey Nuevo Ledn Mexico Departamento de Botanica Ecologiay Fisiologfa Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de La LagunaCanary Islands Spain

Studies on litterfall and decomposition provide estimations of decomposition rates of different *** is key information to understanding ecosystem dynamics and changes in a scenario of global *** objective of this research was to assess litterfall production,the potential deposition of macro and micronutrients through leaf and twig fall as well as macronutrient—use efficiency in three forest ecosystems at different altitudes： a pine forest mixed with deciduous species（S1）; a Quercus ***（S2）; and,a Tamaulipan thornscrub forest（S3）.Total annual litterfall deposition was 594,742 and 533 g m^（-2） for S1,S2 and *** litter was higher （68%） than twigs（18%）,reproductive structures（8%） or miscellaneous material（6%）.Micronutrient leaf deposition was higher for Fe followed by Mn,Zn and *** leaf deposition was higher for Ca followed by K,Mg and *** though P deposition in leaves and twigs was lower than other macronutrients,its nutrient use efficiency was higher than Ca,Mg or *** and species composition determine litter and nutrient deposition,with higher values at mid-altitudes（550 m）.Altitude is an important factor to consider when analyzing litter production as well as nutrient deposition as shown in this *** production and nutrient deposition are expected to change in a scenario of global warming.

关键词： Deciduous species Litter deposition Leaf/twig litter nutrients Pine forest Tamaulipan thornscrub

Spectrophotometric determination of the formation constants of Calcium(Ⅱ) complexes with 1,2-ethylenediamine,1,3-propanediamine and 1,4-butanediamine in acetonitrile

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Green Energy & Environment 2017年第1期2卷 51-57页

作者： Jacqueline gonzález gonzález Mónica nájera-Lara Varinia López-ramírez Juan Antonio ramírez-Vázquez José J.n.Segoviano-Garfias Programa de Maestría en Biociencias División de Ciencias de la Vida (DICIVA) Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca Colegio del nivel Medio Superior de Salamanca(EnMS) Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato (ITESI) Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales División de Ciencias de la Vida (DICIVA) Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca

In this work, with the purpose to explore the coordination chemistry of calcium complexes which could work as a partial model of manganese-calcium cluster, a spectrophotometric study to evaluate the stability of the complexes: Calcium(Ⅱ)-1,2-ethylendiamine, Calcium(Ⅱ)-1,3-propanediamine and Calcium(Ⅱ)-1,4-butanediamine in acetonitrile, were carried on. By processing the spectrophotometric data with the HypSpec program allows the determination of the formation constants. The logarithmic values of the formation constants obtained for Calcium(Ⅱ)-1,2-ethylendiamine, Calcium(Ⅱ)-1,3-propanediamine and Calcium(Ⅱ)-1,4-butanediamine were log β_(110) = 4.69, log β_(110)= 5.25 and log β_(110) = 4.072, respectively.

关键词： Calcium(Ⅱ)complexes Solution equilibria Artificial photosynthesis Absorbance molar Speciation

PAnoptosis:new insights in regulated cell death in ischemia/reperfusion models

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neural Regeneration Research 2023年第2期18卷 342-343页

作者： Paloma gonzález-rodríguez Arsenio Fernández-López Área de Biología Celular Instituto de BiomedicinaUniversidad de LeónSpain

See related article,pp 357-363The first study describing the cell death and destruction of tissues,organs,and organ systems as programmed events during the development of multicellular organisms was performed by JW Saunders Jr in *** term apoptosis was introduced by Kerr,Wyllie,and Currie in 1972 to describe a programmed phenomenon opposite to mitosis in the regulation of animal cell ***,a description of ectodermal cell lineages as programmed cell death in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans was publishedby JE Sulston and HR Horvitz in 1976.

关键词： organs insight opposite

Maschke Type Theorems for Weak Hopf Quasigroups

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Algebra Colloquium 2020年第2期27卷 213-230页

作者： J.n.Alonso Alvarez J.M.Fernández Vilaboa R.gonzález rodríguez Departamento de Matematicas Vniversidade de Vigo Campus Universitario Lagoas-MarcosendeE-36280 VigoSpain Departamento de Matematicas Universidade de Santiago de Compostela E-15771 Santiago de CompostelaSpain Departamento de Matematica Aplicada II Universidade de Vigo Campus Universitario Lagoas-MarcosendeE-36310 VigoSpain

In this paper we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a comodule magma over a weak Hopf quasigroup to have a total integral,thus extending the theories developed in the Hopf algebra,weak Hopf algebra and non-associative Hopf algebra *** this result we also deduce a version of Maschke’s theorems for right(H,B)-Hopf triples associated to a weak Hopf quasigroup H and a right H-comodule magma B.

关键词： (weak)Hopf algebra (weak)Hopf quasigroup integral Maschke theorem