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Endolithic fungi:A possible killer for the mass extinction of Cretaceous dinosaurs

Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第6期51卷 801-807页

作者： gong yiming1,2, xu ran1 & hu bi2 1 key laboratory of biogeology and environmental geology of ministry of education, state key laboratory of geological processes and mineral resources, china university of geosciences, wuhan 430074, china 2 Institute of resources and Environment key laboratory of biogenic Traces & Sedimentary minerals of Henan Province, Henan Polytechnic university, Jiaozuo 454003, china key laboratory of biogeology and environmental geology of ministry of education State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Institute of resources and Environment key laboratory of biogenic Traces & Sedimentary minerals of Henan Province Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo China

Mycelium-like structures found under ESEM within radial sections of fragmental dinosaur eggshells would be the endolithic fungi coexistent with dinosaur eggs in the upper part of the Late Cretaceous hugang Formation from the Wenjiaping section of Wenxian, Danjiangkou, northwestern hubei, Central china. The endolithic fungi selectively occurred in the bad biomineral zone within the columnar layer of the eggshells, where the crowded endolithic fungi penetrated the columnar layer at near-vertical or near-horizontal angles. The endolithic fungi are needle-like, ribbon-like and silk-like, and 5–18 μm long, 0.3–0.5 μm wide at their base, with pointed tip, and are unbranched. The hyphae are mainly composed of oxygen, carbon and calcium, and are with minor sodium, potassium, chlorine and sulfur. The endolithic fungi and host have the same characters in lithification, fracture and main chemical composition. We suggested that the episode endolithic fungi invading dinosaur eggs may have taken place in the interval between after formation of dinosaur eggshells and before their petrification and that dinosaur eggs invaded by endolithic fungi would not be normally incubated or would only be incubated into venerable and pathologic baby dinosaurs to be easily to aborted and contributed to the mass extinction of the dinosaurs at the end of Cretaceous.

关键词： endolithic fungi dinosaur eggs mass extinction Cretaceous

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Microbial and molecular fossils from the Permian Zoophycos in South china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第8期50卷 1121-1127页

作者： gong yiming xu ran XIE ShuCheng huANG XianYu hu bin QI YongAn ZHANG GuoCheng key laboratory of biogeology and environmental geology of ministry of education State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Institute of resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Biogenic Traces&Sedimentary Minerals of Henan ProvinceHenan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454003China

The trace fossil Zoophycos was enriched in the lower part of the Guadalupian Maokou Formation of Permian in Laibin, Guangxi of South china, and characterized by observable lamellae within its spreiten. Associated with these lamellae are the prolific coccus- and spirillum-shaped microbe fossils. These microbes morphologically identified are 0.4―3.0 μm in diameter or length. Molecular fossils, including normal alkanes (dominated by C18, without an odd-over-even predominance), acyclic isoprenoids (such as pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph)), extended tricyclic terpanes, pentacyclic triterpanes, steranes, al-kylcyclohexanes, dibenzothiophenes, benzonaphthothiophenes, benzobisbenzothiophenes, were in-strumentally identified in the wackestone characterized by the occurrence of abundant Zoophycos (composite ichnofabric indices are 4) and crowded microbial fossils. The value of the Pr/Ph ratio is less than 1, indicative of a dysoxic condition. The identification of abundant sulfur compounds (the thio-phene series) related to the contribution of reductive sulfur favors the occurrence of sulphate-reducing bacteria. The association of abundant microbial colonies with microbial molecular fossils within the spreiten suggests that trace fossils Zoophycos would be a multifunctional garden carefully constructed by the Zoophycos-producer, where different microbial colonies were orderly and carefully planted and cultured in different minor lamellae within spreiten. Hence, it is proposed that the Zoophycos-producer symbiosed with microbial colonies on the mutual basis of food supply and the redox conditions.

关键词： trace fossils Zoophycos microbes molecular fossils Permian South china

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